Snipe ndi kambalame kakang'ono kokhala ndi mlomo wautali kwambiri, wowongoka komanso wakuthwa. Anali polemekeza mbalame yachinsinsiyi komanso yosazolowereka yomwe mfuti yotchuka yosaka idatchedwa.
Kufotokozera kwa snipe
Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa oimira onse a banja lokhalokha, omwe ali ndi dongosolo la Charadriiformes, lero ndi ochulukirapo osati m'malo a Russia, komanso padziko lonse lapansi.
Maonekedwe
Snipe ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zodziwika bwino chifukwa cha milomo yake yayitali komanso yopyapyala, komanso mtundu wofiirira wamitundu yosiyanasiyana... Oimira mitunduyo ndi abale apamtima kwambiri a nkhalango. Sandpiper yaying'ono imakhala yovuta kwambiri pakuthawa, imangoyenda mwachangu osati pansi komanso m'madzi.
Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalame wamkulu, monga lamulo, sikupitilira masentimita 28, ndikulemera kwa magalamu 90-200. Kutalika kwa mulomo wowongoka wa mbalameyi ndi pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a utali wonse wamthupi (pafupifupi 7.5 cm). Mlomo wa omwe akuyimira mitunduyo walongosoledwa kumapeto, chifukwa chake ndikusintha kwakukulu posaka chakudya mumchenga, silt ndi nthaka yofewa.
Miyendo ya nthumwi za banja lokhalokha, lomwe ndi la Charadriiformes, ndi lalifupi komanso locheperako. Maso a mbalameyi ndi yayikulu, yayitali ndipo amasunthira kumbuyo kwa mutu, komwe kumapereka mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri komanso kutha kuwona bwino ngakhale mdima utakhala.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mwa anthuwo, snipe amatchedwa mwanawankhosa, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndikulira komwe mbalameyo imatha kupanga munthawi yapano: mawu achilendo "che-ke-che-ke-che-ke."
Nthenga za ntchentche zimakhala zofiirira kwambiri, zofiira kwambiri. Pa nsonga za nthenga pamakhala mikwingwirima yoyera. M'mimba mwa nkhono ndi yopepuka, popanda kukhalapo kwa mawanga akuda. Mitundu ya omwe amaimira mitunduyo imawathandiza kuti azitha kubisala ndipo zimapangitsa kuti zibisike pakati paudzu.
Moyo, machitidwe
Snipe ndi mbalame zosamuka. M'nyengo yamasika, oimira mitunduyo amafika molawirira kwambiri, chivundikiro cha chisanu m'madambo chikasowa. Kummwera kwa Kazakhstan, kudera la Uzbekistan ndi Turkmenistan, mbalame zam'madzi zimawonekera chakumayambiriro kwa Marichi, ndipo mbalamezi zimafika ku Ukraine ndi Belarus mzaka khumi zapitazi za Marichi.
Mbalame zotere zimabwera kudera la Moscow koyambirira kwa Epulo, komanso pafupi ndi Yakutsk - kokha pakati pa mwezi watha masika. Mbalame zimakonda kuuluka zokhazokha, usiku, ndikumalira "tundra" koyambirira kumene kuuluka kwawo. Ndegeyi imachitika makamaka usiku, ndipo masana ntchentche zimadyetsa ndikupuma. Nthawi zina mbalame zam'madzi zimagwirizana m'magulu a mbalame zingapo kapena osakhala ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri loti zitha kuwuluka.
Snipe ndi akatswiri akuthawa... Oimira mitunduyo ndiwothamanga kwambiri mlengalenga ndipo amatha kufotokoza pirouettes zenizeni kapena zigzags. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mbalame zoterezi zimathamanga ngakhale nthawi yamasiku ino itatha. Mbalame zimayenda mofulumira m'mlengalenga, nthawi ndi nthawi zimasintha kutalika kwake.
Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji
Nthawi yayitali, yolembetsedwa mwalamulo komanso yotsimikizika mwasayansi kutalika kwa moyo wa msuzi m'mayendedwe achilengedwe, monga lamulo, sikudutsa zaka khumi. Nthawi yayitali ndiyabwino kwa mbalame m'malo awo achilengedwe.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Kwa amuna ndi akazi amtundu wa mitundu ya Bekasy, mitundu yofananira komanso pafupifupi kulemera komweko ndi mawonekedwe, chifukwa chake, zizindikiritso zakugonana sizimafotokozedwa. Snipe wachichepere ali ndi mitundu yochititsa chidwi yoteteza. Kusiyanasiyana kwa ma subspecies atatu kumaonekera pokhapokha pakusintha kwamitundu ndi mithunzi muutoto wa nthenga, komanso kukula kwa mbalameyo ndi matupi ena a thupi.
Mitundu ya snipe
Banja limayimiriridwa ndi mitundu makumi awiri, komanso mitundu ing'onoing'ono 47, yosiyana ndi mawonekedwe, malo okhala ndi zizolowezi. M'mbuyomu, ku England, mbalame zotere zimatchedwa Snipe (snipers).
Ena mwa subspecies a snipe:
- Andean;
- Zachifumu;
- Zing'onozing'ono;
- Chimalaya;
- Kutenga nthawi yayitali;
- Madagascar;
- Cordillera;
- Phiri;
- Afirika;
- Nkhalango;
- Wachimereka;
- Chijapani;
- Zazikulu.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Oimira mitunduyo adalandiridwa kudera la North America kuchokera ku Alaska mpaka kum'mawa kwa Labrador.
Miseche imapezeka pazilumbazi: Iceland, Azores, Britain ndi Faroese. Mbalame zambiri zimakhala ku Eurasia kuchokera kumadzulo kwa France ndi Scandinavia mpaka kum'mawa mpaka kugombe la Chukchi Peninsula. Madera mbalame amakhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Bering, ku Kamchatka ndi Islands Islands, pagombe la Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi Sakhalin. Sandpipers amakhala pachilumba cha Vaygach Island.
Malo okhala achilengedwe ndi madambo okhala ndiudzu waudzu kapena kulibiretu. Mbalame zimakhala mumchere wamchere, komanso malo osungira madzi oyera omwe ali ndi zomera zowirira m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zosakanikirana ndi matope.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nthawi yayikulu yozizira yopumira imakhala kumpoto kwa Africa, Iran ndi India, Afghanistan ndi Pakistan, Indonesia ndi kumwera kwa China, Crimea ndi Transcaucasia.
Munthawi yodzala, ming'alu yonse imatsata malo okhala ndi zotchinga m'mitsinje yamadzi ndi m'madzi achilengedwe. Kaŵirikaŵiri, imakoka chisa m'malo achinyontho okhala ndi zimbalangondo kapena m'mbali mwa matope a ng'ombe zazikulu.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi
Gawo lalikulu lazakudya za snipe zimayimiriridwa ndi tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo, komanso nyongolotsi... Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, mbalame zotere zimadya nkhono ndi tizinyama ting'onoting'ono. Pamodzi ndi chakudya choyambira nyama, snipe amatha kudya chakudya chomera, choyimiridwa ndi mbewu, zipatso ndi mphukira za zomera. Pofuna kukonza njira yopera amadyera m'mimba, timiyala tating'ono kapena mchenga umamezedwa ndi mbalame.
Ming'alu yomwe imatuluka kuti idyetse imayenda mwakhama, imagwira tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Pofuna kupeza chakudya cha mbalame, nthaka imayesedwa. Pakudya, milomoyo imamira m'nthaka pafupifupi mpaka pansi. Anapeza nyama yayikulu, mwachitsanzo nyongolotsi, imagawidwa mzidutswa tating'onoting'ono mothandizidwa ndi mulomo. Chifukwa chosinthira zakudya zachizolowezi zomwe amakonda, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda chakudya nyengo ikasintha.
Mbalame zazing'ono zimatha kumeza chakudya chomwe chapezeka popanda kukoka pakamwa pawo mumatope. Pofunafuna chakudya m'madzi osaya, oimira mitunduyi amatulutsa mlomo wawo wautali komanso wakuthwa kwambiri muzitsamba zofewa ndipo, poyenda pang'ono pang'ono, yang'anani nthaka. Kunsonga kwa mulomo wa mbalameyi, kuli mitsempha yambiri yomwe imalola kuti igwire kuyenda kwa anthu adothi. Pokhapokha akamva nyamayo, ming'oma imagwira iyo ndi mlomo wawo.
Kubereka ndi ana
Mwachilengedwe nthenga ndi mbalame zokhazokha, zomwe zimapanga magulu okhazikika, okhazikika nthawi yokolola. Pafupifupi atangofika, anyani am'madzi am'madzi amayamba kugwira ntchito. Pa nthawi yomwe ikuuluka, amuna amauluka mozungulira, akukwera mlengalenga mokweza, nthawi ndi nthawi amalowera pansi.
"Pogwa", mbalameyo imafalitsa mapiko ake ndi mchira, ndikudula mlengalenga ndikugwedezeka, chifukwa chake kumamveka phokoso laphokoso kwambiri, lokumbutsa kwambiri kulira. Amphongo okhazikika amayenda, pogwiritsa ntchito malo omwewo kuti achite izi. Pakapita kanthawi kochepa, zazikazi zimalumikizana ndi zamphongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale magulu awiri omwe amapitilira nyengo yonse yoswana.
Ndizosangalatsa!Miseche imagwira ntchito makamaka polira m'mawa ndi madzulo, nyengo yamitambo komanso mitambo ndi mvula yosinthasintha. Nthawi zina abambo amayenda pansi, atakhala pansi pa phokoso ndikumveka mawu akuti "tick, tick, tick".
Ndi akazi okha omwe amachita nawo chisa komanso kusakaniza kwa mwanayo, ndipo amuna nawonso amasamalira ana obadwa ndi akazi. Chisa nthawi zambiri chimayikidwa pa ena osakweza kwambiri. Ndimavuto okutidwa ndi zimayambira zowuma. Chilango chilichonse chimakhala ndi mazira anayi kapena asanu owoneka ngati peyala, wachikaso kapena bulauni-bulauni wokhala ndi mawanga akuda, abulauni ndi imvi. Ntchitoyi imatenga milungu itatu.
Ngakhale kuti abambo amakhala pafupi ndi ana awo, gawo lalikulu lazosamalira zomwe zimakhudzana ndikulera kwa ana zimachitidwa ndi ntchentche yachikazi. Nthawi yobisalira mazira m'madambo ndi iyi:
- kudera lakumpoto kwa Ukraine - zaka khumi zapitazi za Epulo;
- m'dera la Moscow - woyamba Meyi khumi;
- m'dera la Taimyr - kumapeto kwa Julayi.
Anapiye a nkhwangwa, akauma, amasiya chisa chawo. Amuna ndi akazi akutsata ndi ana omwe akukula. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zangozi zikawonekera, makolo awiriwo amasamutsira anapiye otsikawo patali pang'ono akuthawa. Mbalame zimaphimba mapiritsi pakati pazitsulo ndipo zimauluka pansi kwambiri. Anapiye a masabata atatu amatha kuuluka kwakanthawi kochepa. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe, achinyamata amakhala odziyimira pawokha. Pambuyo pake, ming'alu imayamba kupita patsogolo kumadera akumwera.
Adani achilengedwe
Snipe ndimakonda kwambiri masewera osaka masewera m'maiko ambiri. Osakhala onenepa mbalame okhwima, komanso musalole agalu ndi alenje mu malo a m'mphepete mwaukhondo pafupi mayendedwe makumi awiri okha ndi kusiya malo awo pamaso kuwombera. Mbalame ndi mazira othawirako amatha kukhala nyama zodya nyama zambiri komanso zapadziko lapansi, kuphatikizapo nkhandwe, mimbulu, agalu amtchire, martens, weasels, ndi feline. Kuchokera mlengalenga, snipe nthawi zambiri amasakidwa ndi ziwombankhanga ndi mphamba, nkhwangwa ndi akhwangwala akulu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Pamodzi ndi zikopa zambiri zamatabwa, zilonda, mapaipi amchere ndi moni, komanso ma phalarope, oimira mitundu ya Snipe ali m'gulu la mabanja omwe tsopano akuphatikiza mitundu yopitilira 9 ya mitundu ya zamoyo. Pakadali pano, palibe chomwe chimawopseza anthu am'madzi.
