The frontosa (Latin Cyphotilapia frontosa) kapena mfumukazi ya Tanganyika ndi nsomba yokongola kwambiri, komanso yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa okonda cichlid.
Kukula kwakukulu ndi mitundu yowala nthawi yomweyo kumakopa chidwi, ngakhale m'madzi amchere momwe nsomba zina zimadzaza mitundu. Kukula kwa nsombayo ndikosangalatsa, mpaka masentimita 35, ndipo mtunduwo ndiwosangalatsa, ngati mikwingwirima yakuda pabuluu kapena yoyera. Iyi ndi nsomba yokongola, koma idapangidwira ma cichlids ochuluka.
Nsombazi ndizosavuta kusamalira, koma zimafunikira nyanja yamchere yokwanira komanso zida zapamwamba kwambiri. Ndibwino kuti muyambe Mfumukazi ya Tanganyika ndi katswiri wazamadzi wokhala ndi chidziwitso.
Sali aukali kwambiri, kotero amatha kusungidwa ndi nsomba zina zazikulu, koma bwino m'nyanja ina yapadera, pagulu laling'ono. Nthawi zambiri gulu lotere limakhala ndimwamuna m'modzi ndi wamkazi, koma ndi bwino kuwasunga pagulu la anthu 8 mpaka 12, komabe, izi zimafunikira aquarium yayikulu kwambiri.
Nsomba imodzi imatha kusungidwa mu aquarium yokhala ndi pafupifupi malita 300, ndipo angapo muyenera kukhala ndi aquarium ya malita 500 kapena kupitilira apo.
Malo okhala mchenga ndi miyala ndi miyala yamchenga zimapereka malo abwino kwa frontosis. Sasowa zomera, koma mutha kubzala zina, popeza nsomba zimakhudza zomera zochepa kuposa ma cichlids ena.
Mfumukazi ya Tanganyika nthawi zambiri imakhala nsomba yosangalatsa, ndipo siyivutitsa anthu oyandikana nawo, koma mpaka atalowa gawo lawo.
Chifukwa chake palibe nzeru kuzisunga m'nyanja yocheperako. Zachidziwikire, izi zimagwiranso ntchito ku nsomba zazikulu, ngati pali nsomba mu aquarium zomwe frontosa imeza, sizingalephere kuchita izi.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Mfumukazi ya Tanganyika kapena cyphotilapia ya frontosa idafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1906. Amakhala m'nyanja ya Tanganyika ku Africa, komwe kuli kofala kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi ma cichlid ena omwe amakonda kukhala m'misasa ndi miyala, iwo amakonda kukhala m'magulu akuluakulu m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Amakhala pafupifupi Tanganyika yonse, koma nthawi zonse amakhala akuya (10-50 metres). Izi zidapangitsa kuti nsomba zizivuta, ndipo kwa zaka zingapo zinali zosowa komanso zotsika mtengo.
Tsopano yayamba bwino kwambiri mu ukapolo, ndipo imapezeka pamsika.
Amadyetsa nsomba, molluscs ndi nyama zopanda mafupa osiyanasiyana.
Kufotokozera
Nsombayi ili ndi thupi lalikulu komanso lamphamvu, mutu waukulu komanso waphumi komanso mkamwa waukulu. M'nyanja yamchere, amatha kutalika mpaka 30 cm, akazi amakhala ocheperako, pafupifupi 25 cm.
Mwachilengedwe, iwo ndi okulirapo, omwe amakhala ndi kukula kwa 35, ngakhale pali anthu opitilira 40 cm. Nthawi yokhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 20.
Amuna ndi akazi onse amakhala ndi mafuta pamphumi, koma chachimuna chimakhala chachikulu komanso chowonekera kwambiri. Achinyamata alibe kukula koteroko.
Mtundu wa thupi ndi imvi-buluu, pomwe pamakhala mikwingwirima yakuda isanu ndi umodzi. Zipsepsezo ndi zoyera kubuluu. Zipsepazo ndizotalikirapo komanso zowongoka.
Zovuta pakukhutira
Nsomba zam'madzi odziwa bwino ntchito zam'madzi, monga frontosa imafuna aquarium yayikulu yokhala ndi madzi oyera komanso kusintha kosasintha, komanso oyandikana nawo osankhidwa bwino.
Uwu ndi umodzi mwamicicid wodekha kwambiri, womwe umatha kusungidwa mumchere wokhala ndi nsomba zina zazikulu, koma monga chilombo chilichonse, umadya nsomba zazing'ono.
Kudyetsa
Odyera nyama amadya zakudya zamtundu uliwonse. Mwachilengedwe, awa ndi nsomba zazing'ono ndi mitundu ingapo ya nkhono zam'madzi.
Mu aquarium, amadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana - nsomba, nyongolotsi, nkhanu, nyama ya mussel, nyama ya squid, mtima wa ng'ombe ndi nyama zingapo zopangidwa ndi makeke. Komanso chakudya chochepa - ma virus a magazi, tubule, corotra, brine shrimp.
Ndibwino kuti musadyetse nsomba zamoyo pokhapokha mutatsimikiza kuti ali ndi thanzi. Komabe, chiopsezo chobweretsa matenda opatsirana ndi chachikulu kwambiri.
Kuti muthane ndikusowa kwa mavitamini, mutha kudyetsa chakudya chapadera cha cichlids, chokhala ndi zowonjezera zina, monga spirulina.
Frontoses samadya mwachangu, ndipo ndi bwino kuwadyetsa kangapo patsiku m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.
Kusunga mu aquarium
Nsomba yopuma komanso yayikulu yomwe imasambira mu aquarium ndipo imafunikira voliyumu yambiri.
Nsomba imodzi imafuna madzi okwanira malita 300, koma ndibwino kuti muwasunge m'magulu a 4 kapena kupitilira apo. Kwa gulu lotere, aquarium yamalita 500 kapena kuposa imafunika kale.
Kuphatikiza pakusintha kwamadzi pafupipafupi, fyuluta yamphamvu yakunja iyenera kukhazikitsidwa mu aquarium, chifukwa ma cichlids onse amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuyeretsa kwamadzi ndi magawo.
Kuphatikiza pa kusefera, izi zimathandizira kusinthana kwa gasi ndikudzaza madzi ndi mpweya, womwe ndi wofunikira ku frontosis, womwe mwachilengedwe umakhala m'madzi omwe ali ndi mpweya wabwino wosungunuka. Kotero ngakhale mutakhala ndi fyuluta yabwino, aeration yowonjezera sichidzakupweteketsani.
Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wamadzi uyenera kuwunikidwa pafupipafupi ndi mayeso komanso kuchuluka kwa mafuta komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu kuyenera kupewedwa.
Nyanja ya Tanganyika ndi yachiwiri kukula padziko lapansi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ili ndi kutentha kochepa kwambiri komanso kusinthasintha kwa pH komanso malo okhazikika. Ma cichlids onse a Tanganyika amafunika kutentha kokhazikika komanso mpweya wambiri wosungunuka m'madzi.
Kutentha koyenera kwa kusunga frontosis ndi 24-26 ° C. Komanso, nyanjayi imakhala yolimba kwambiri (12-14 ° dGH) ndi madzi acidic (ph: 8.0-8.5). Izi zimabweretsa vuto kwa am'madzi omwe amakhala m'malo okhala ndi madzi ofewa kwambiri ndipo amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owumitsa monga kuwonjezera ma coral chips ku aquarium.
Mumadzi a aquarium, amakhazikika bwino ngati zomwe zili pafupi ndi magawo omwe atchulidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuti magawo amadzi asasinthe mwadzidzidzi; madzi akuyenera kusinthidwa pang'ono pang'ono komanso pafupipafupi.
Zomera sizofunikira kwenikweni kuzisunga, koma mutha kubzala mitundu yolimba komanso yayikulu. Mchenga ndiye gawo labwino kwambiri pamchenga, ndipo pogona pakufunikanso mu aquarium, mwachitsanzo, miyala yayikulu kapena mitengo yolowerera.
Ngakhale ali ndi kukula, frontosa ndi wamanyazi ndipo amakonda kubisala. Koma, onetsetsani kuti miyala yonse ndi yolimba ndipo sidzagwa nsombayi ikamafuna kubisalamo.
Ngakhale
Mwambiri, samakhala achiwawa mopambanitsa. Koma, madera ndikuteteza mwansanje kwambiri, motero ndibwino kuti muziwasunga okha.
Mwachilengedwe, musaiwale kuti awa ndi adani ndipo amadya nsomba iliyonse yomwe amatha kumeza. Kuphatikiza apo, awa ndi nsomba zosathamanga zomwe zimadya pang'onopang'ono.
Nthawi zambiri amasungidwa ndi Amalawi, koma oyandikana nawo amakhala otopetsa kwa iwo. Amagwira ntchito mwachangu, mwachangu, paliponse.
Chifukwa chake ndibwino kuti frontosis isapatukane ndi nsomba zina, pasukulu yaying'ono, wamwamuna m'modzi ndi wamkazi, kapena kusukulu yayikulu ya nsomba 8-12.
Kusiyana kogonana
Ngakhale ndizovuta kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, mutha kuyang'ana kukula - wamwamuna ndi wokulirapo ndipo ali ndi chotupa champhamvu pamphumi pake.
Kuswana
Frontosis idapangidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo monga tidanenera kale, ili linali vuto kwa zaka zambiri, chifukwa ndizovuta kuwapeza m'chilengedwe. Amuna amatha kukwatirana ndi akazi angapo.
Ndibwino kugula mabanja okhwima kapena achinyamata 10-12. Achinyamata akamakula, amasankhidwa, kuchotsa ang'onoang'ono kwambiri komanso otumbululuka. Amachita izi theka lililonse la chaka, ndikusiya nsomba imodzi yayikulu kwambiri (mwina idzakhala yamphongo) ndi akazi 4-5.
Kuti akwaniritse msinkhu wogonana, nsomba zimafunikira zaka 3-4 (ndipo amuna amakula pang'onopang'ono kuposa akazi), chifukwa chake kusankha kumeneku kumafuna chipiriro chambiri.
Kubzala kumakhala kosavuta mokwanira. Mbalameyi imayenera kukhala yayikulu, malita 400 kapena kupitilira apo, yokhala ndi miyala ndi malo ogona kuti abambo athe kupeza gawo lake. Madzi - pH pafupifupi 8, kuuma 10 ° dGH, kutentha 25 - 28 C.
Mkazi amaikira mazira (osapitilira zidutswa 50, koma zazikulu) pamalo pomwe wamwamuna amakonzekera, nthawi zambiri pakati pamiyala. Pambuyo pake wamwamuna amamuphatikiza. Mkazi amabereka mazira mkamwa, pafupifupi tsiku lachitatu mwachangu amaswa.
Mkazi amapitilizabe kufinya mwachangu mkamwa, pomwe yamphongo imateteza gawolo. Adzasamalira mwachangu pafupifupi milungu 4-6. Mutha kudyetsa mwachangu ndi brine shrimp nauplii.
