Astronotus ocellated (Latin Astronotus ocellatus, English Oscar nsomba), kapena monga amatchedwanso kambuku Astronotus ndi Oscar, ndi cichlid wamkulu komanso wowoneka bwino waku South America. Kupatula kukula ndi utoto wake, imadziwikanso ngati nsomba yanzeru kwambiri komanso yosangalatsa.
Nsomba iyi, yokongola kwambiri paunyamata, imakula msanga mpaka kukula kwake (mpaka masentimita 35) ndipo imakopa chidwi cha wamadzi aliyense.
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nsomba, zomwe titha kunena kuti ili ndi malingaliro ndi mawonekedwe ake, imazindikira mwini wake.
Oscar adzakuwonerani pomwe mukuchita bizinesi yanu mchipinda, ndipo mudzawona kuti amachita mozindikira kuposa ma cichlids ena ang'onoang'ono.
Ena amalola kuti asisitsidwe, monga amphaka amnyumba, ndipo amasangalala nawo. Chabwino, kudyetsa dzanja sikovuta, komanso kumatha kuluma.
Ngakhale mawonekedwe akutchire akadali odziwika komanso omwe amapezeka kwambiri, m'zaka zaposachedwa apangidwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yodziwika bwino yomwe ndiyotchuka kwambiri.
Onsewo ndi okongola, koma mwapadera Oscar wofiira ndi nsomba yokhala ndi thupi lakuda pomwe pamakhala mawanga ofiira kapena a lalanje.
Kuphatikiza pa izo, palinso akambuku, albino (yoyera kwathunthu kapena ndi mawanga ofiira), marble, komanso mawonekedwe achophimba.
Koma, mitundu yonseyi ndiyofala, mawonekedwe achikale. Pakukonza kwawo ndikuswana, onse amafanana, kupatula kuti mitundu ina imakhala yovuta kwambiri komanso imadwala.
Mwamwayi kwa ife, Astronotus si nsomba yovuta kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale oyamba kumene amatha kuzisunga bwino. nuance imodzi imawapangitsa kukhala ovuta - kukula.
Amakula mofulumira kwambiri ndipo pochita izi amadya nsomba zonse zazing'ono. Monga ma cichlids onse akuluakulu, odyetsa, ma astrikas amayenera kusungidwa m'madzi okwanira malita 400 kapena kupitilira apo, ndipo makamaka payokha.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Astronotus idafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1831. Dziko lakwawo lili ku South America: mumtsinje wa Amazon, mumtsinje wa Parana, Rio Paraguay, Rio Negro.
Idzabweretsa ku China, Australia, Florida, komwe idazolowera mwachangu ndikuyamba kuwononga mitundu yakomweko. Mwachilengedwe chake, amadziwika kuti ndi nsomba zamalonda, zomwe kukoma kwake kumayamikiridwa kwambiri.
Mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'mabayotope osiyanasiyana m'mitsinje yayikulu komanso m'mitsinje, m'mayiwewe, m'madzi okhala ndi matope kapena mchenga. Amadyetsa nsomba, crayfish, nyongolotsi ndi tizilombo.
Kufotokozera
Nsombayi ili ndi thupi lolimba, lopindika ndipo mutu wake ndi wamphamvu, komanso milomo yayikulu, yothina. Mwachilengedwe, amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 35, koma mu aquarium amakhala ochepa, pafupifupi masentimita 20-25. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, amakhala zaka 10 kapena kupitilira apo.
Anthu omwe amakhala m'chilengedwe nthawi zambiri amakhala amtundu wofatsa, wamdima wakuda ndi mawanga a lalanje pamitsempha ndi kumbuyo. Mapiko a caudal ali ndi malo akuda akulu, ozunguliridwa ndi lalanje, pomwe adatchedwa - ocellated.
Zamoyo zonse zakutchire komanso zomwe zimapangidwa ndi anthu ndizodziwika bwino chifukwa chotha kusintha mtundu mopanikizika, pomenya nkhondo kapena poteteza gawo.
Achinyamata amasiyana ndi makolo awo mumtundu, ndi amdima okhala ndi mawanga oyera mthupi. Monga tanenera kale, pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana: ofiira, ma brindle, albino, ma marble.
Zovuta pakukhutira
Ngakhale Astronotus ndi nsomba yosangalatsa komanso yosavuta kusunga, ndikofunikira kuti musanyengedwe ndi kukula kwake muubwana, komanso mwamtendere.
Ma oscars ambiri amagulitsidwa pafupifupi 3 cm kukula kwake ndipo amasungidwa mumadzi ogawidwa ndi nsomba zina panthawiyi. Komabe, musapusitsidwe ndikudzigula nokha Astronotus yama aquarium anu ogawidwa, 100 litre!
Imakula mwachangu kwambiri, kuti chitukuko chachizolowezi chimafunikira voliyumu ya aquarium ya malita 400, ndipo kuyidya nkokwera mtengo.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndi nsomba yodya nyama yomwe iyenera kusungidwa awiriawiri mu thanki ina kapena ndi oyandikana nawo akulu mu thanki yayikulu kwambiri.
Koma, musakhumudwe. Ngati mukutsimikiza mtima kuti mukufuna nsomba zoterezi, ndiye kuti kuisunga ndikosavuta, ndipo mukamapeza nsomba yokongola, yanzeru komanso yofanana.
Kudyetsa
Mwachilengedwe, nsombazi ndizomwe zimadya, zimadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo: tizilombo, mphutsi, zooplankton, zomera ndi algae, nsomba, zamoyo zopanda mafupa ndi amphibiya.
Mu aquarium, iyi ndi nsomba zodzichepetsa kwambiri podyetsa, ngakhale kuli bwino kuwapatsa chakudya cha nyama.
Ndikofunika kudyetsa chakudya chapamwamba kwambiri cha ma cichlids akulu - ma pellets, granules, mapiritsi. Mwamwayi, pali mitundu ingapo tsopano, kuyambira ku China mpaka ku Europe opanga. Kuphatikiza apo, perekani chakudya chamoyo kapena chachisanu.
Amakonda nyongolotsi ndi zokwawa, koma amadya crickets, nkhanu, timadzi ta nsomba, nyama ya mussel, tadpoles, ziwala ndi zakudya zina zazikulu.
Mwachilengedwe, amapatsidwa nsomba, mwachitsanzo, ana agalu kapena michira yophimba, koma izi zimatheka pokhapokha ngati mukutsimikiza kuti nsomba zili ndi thanzi ndipo sizingabweretse matenda.
Akatswiri a zakuthambo ndi adyera kwambiri komanso osakhutira ndi nsomba, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti musawapatse mphamvu, apo ayi matenda ndi imfa ndizotheka.
Nthawi ina, ma cichlids adadyetsedwa ndi nyama yoyamwitsa, koma tsopano izi ziyenera kupewedwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ndi mafuta mu nyama yotereyi, imagayidwa bwino ndi nsomba, zomwe zimabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zamkati.
Ndi bwino kudyetsa mtima womwewo kamodzi pamlungu, kuti musadzaza nsomba.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira mu aquarium
Kusunga ma Astronotus ndikosavuta, bola mukawapatsa madzi abwino komanso oyera.
Madzi otchedwa aquarium ndi njira yotsekedwa ndipo ngakhale yayikulu bwanji, imafunikiranso kuyeretsa ndi kukonza. Popita nthawi, kuchuluka kwa ammonia ndi nitrate m'madzi kumakwera, nsomba zimayambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono.
Popeza amatengeka kwambiri ndi poyizoni ndi zinthu izi, ndikofunikira kusintha pafupifupi 20% yamadzi mumchere wa aquarium sabata iliyonse ndikupopera nthaka.
Zotsalira zamafuta zimadziunjikira m'nthaka, zowola ndipo nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha izi, ndizovuta kwambiri pakusamalira.
Kumbukirani kuti zinyalala za nsomba mukamadya, zotsalira za chakudya zimabalalika mbali zonse. Mwachitsanzo, amalavulira mbali zina za nsombazo, ngakhale kuti amadya mapiritsi omwewo pafupifupi kwathunthu.
Chifukwa chake ngati mukupereka chakudya monga nsomba zamoyo, ndiye kuti musunthire nthaka ndikusintha madzi pafupipafupi.
Achinyamata amakhala mosangalala m'madzi okwanira 100 litre, koma akadzakula, adzafunika malita 400 kapena kupitilira apo.
Ngati mukufuna kukonza zoweta, komanso ngakhale ndi nsomba zina zazikulu, mukufunika kale thanki yayikulu kwambiri kuti muchepetse ndewu.
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo amakonda madzi okhala ndi mpweya wambiri, koma sakonda kutuluka, chifukwa chake mugwiritse ntchito aeration kapena kupopera madzi kuchokera pazosefera zakunja kudzera chitoliro chomwe chili pamwamba pamadzi.
Popeza nsombazi ndizazikulu kwambiri komanso zowoneka bwino, onetsetsani kuti zida ndi zokongoletsera zimayikidwa bwino, komanso ndizotetezedwa bwino. Ndi bwino kuphimba zotentha ndi miyala ikuluikulu kapena zokongoletsera zina. Ma Oscars amatha kusewera ndi zokongoletsera, kuwukira, koma chifukwa cha kukula kwake, zitha kutha chifukwa cha zokongoletsera.
Ngati nsomba zanu zimakonda kuchita izi, mutha kuwanyenga ndikuponya chinthu chomwe chingawasokoneze chidwi chawo pazida.
Nthaka yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mchenga, womwe amakonda kukumba. Zomera sizifunikira, mwina zimakumbidwa kapena kudyedwa. Komabe, mutha kuyesa kubzala mitundu yolimba m'miphika, monga anubias.
Ndipo inde, ngati mukuganiza zopanga mtundu wina wamadzi mu aquarium kuti zonse ziwoneke zokongola, kumbukirani - chinthu chachikulu mu aquarium si inu, koma Oscar. Akatswiri a zakuthambo amakumba ndikusintha chilichonse chomwe angaone kuti ndi choyenera.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mutseke aquarium, motero mudzapewa kuphulika mukamadyetsa ndipo nsomba zanu sizidzatuluka.
- Kutentha kwamadzi - 22-26C
- acidity ph: 6.5-7.5
- kuuma kwa madzi - mpaka 23 °
Ngakhale
Ma zakuthambo sioyenera kukhala nawo m'madzi am'madzi (ziribe kanthu zomwe wogulitsa anena). Ngakhale sangatchulidwe kuti ndi ankhanza ku nsomba zina zazikulu, amakhalabe olusa ndipo amadya nsomba zomwe amatha kumeza.
Ndi bwino kuwasunga awiriawiri, mumtambo wosiyana. Koma, zimagwirizana ndi nsomba zina zazikulu, aquarium yokha idzafunika zochulukirapo.
Ma Aquarists amasunga ma astronotus okhala ndi arowans, black pacu, cichlazomas-stripicicicicomas, Managuan cichlazomas, plecostomuses zazikulu ndi ma parrot cichlids. Komabe, zambiri zimadalira pamakhalidwewo ndipo sagwirizana nawo onse.
Amakonda kukumba nthaka ndikukumba zomera, komanso amathanso kusewera ndi zokongoletsa kapena zida. Kuphatikiza apo, amawonetsa luntha lalikulu kuposa ma cichlids ena.
Chifukwa chake amazindikira eni ake, amamutsatira kudutsa mchipindacho, amatengera mawu a eni ake, amalola kuti asisitidwe ndi kudyetsedwa m'manja.
Kusiyana kogonana
Kusiyanitsa mkazi ndi wamwamuna ndizovuta kwambiri. Zotsimikizika, pokhapokha pobereka, ngati mkazi ali ndi ovipositor.
Obereketsa nthawi zambiri amagula ana khumi ndi awiri ndikuwalera limodzi, motero nsomba zimadzisankhira. Amakhulupirira kuti chachikazi ndi chaching'ono kukula kwake kuposa champhongo, koma ichi ndi chizindikiro chofananira.
Kusiyanitsa kwenikweni ndi ovipositor yomwe amaikira mazira. Koma, limapezeka bwalo loipa - chifukwa limangowonekera mukangobereka.
Kubereka
Amakhala okhwima pogonana kukula kwa masentimita 10-12. Ma Astronotus amabereka, monga lamulo, mu aquarium yomweyo momwe amakhalamo. Ndikofunikira kupanga malo ena obisalapo ndikuyika miyala ikuluikulu, yolimba yomwe amaikira mazira.
Pa nthawi ya chibwenzi, awiriwa amatola mwala ndikupukuta mosamala. Caviar ndi yoyera, yosawoneka bwino, ndipo imatha kusintha utoto patadutsa maola 24 itabereka.
Makolowo amasamalira mwachangu, koma akangoyamba kusambira paokha, amatha kuchotsedwa kwa makolo. Mwachangu ndi zazikulu, zotheka. Mwachangu amatha kudyetsedwa ndi ma Cyclops ndi Artemia nauplii.
Koma musanayambe kuswana, ganizirani mofatsa. Mkazi wamkulu amatha kuikira mazira 2000, mwachangu ndiwamphamvu ndipo amakula bwino.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kumudyetsa komanso kumusamalira nthawi zonse. Nthawi yomweyo, kugulitsa kapena kugawa mwachangu sichinthu chophweka.
Kufunikira kwa iwo ndikochepa, komanso kupezeka kwake sikokwanira.
