Uaru wamabala akuda (lat. Uaru amphiacanthoides) ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri yochokera kubanja la cichlid, imodzi mwapadera kwambiri mthupi ndi utoto. Nsomba zokhwima pogonana zimakhala zofiirira-zofiirira ndi malo akuda kwambiri pakati pa thupi, komanso malo akuda pafupi ndi maso.
Ndi nsomba yayikulu yomwe imatha kukula mpaka 25 cm mu aquarium. Mwambiri, kukonza kumakhala kovuta, ndipo chifukwa cha kukula kwa aquarium, iyenera kukhala yayikulu, ndipo madzi ayenera kukhala oyera komanso okhazikika mokwanira.
Komabe, ma cichlids onse amafunika malo ambiri, ndipo yowoneka yakuda siyokongola kokha, komanso ndi anzeru mokwanira. Amazindikira mwini wake, amamuyang'ana kuchokera ku aquarium ndipo, pamenepo, amapempha chakudya.
Sitingatchedwe nsomba yoyenera madzi ambiri a m'nyanja, koma imayenda bwino ndi ma cichlids ena akuluakulu ochokera ku Central ndi South America.
Ndibwino kuti uu yamizeremizere yakuda ikhale m'gulu, popeza amakhala mwachilengedwe mwanjira imeneyi. Ndi m'paketi pomwe amapangira utsogoleri wawo ndikuwulula machitidwe awo.
Kwa nsomba zingapo, pamafunika aquarium ya malita 400 kapena kupitilira apo.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Nsombazo zidafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1840 ndi Heckel. Cichlid uyu amakhala ku South America, ku Amazon ndi m'misewu yake. Madzi m'malo otere ndi ofewa, okhala ndi pH pafupifupi 6.8.
Anthu am'deralo amawugwira kuti adye, komabe, izi sizowopseza anthu.
Mwachilengedwe, amadyetsa tizilombo, mphutsi, detritus, zipatso ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana.
Kufotokozera
Uaru wamabala akuda ali ndi thupi lopangidwa ndi disk, ndipo limafika pakukula kwa masentimita 30 mwachilengedwe. Koma mu aquarium nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying'ono, pafupifupi 20-25 cm.
Nthawi yomweyo, chiyembekezo chamoyo wokhala ndi chisamaliro chabwino chimakhala mpaka zaka 8-10.
Anthu okhwima ogonana ndi otuwa-imvi, okhala ndi malo akuda pansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kusiyanitsa ndi ma cichlids ena. Komanso mawanga akuda amatha kuzungulira maso.
Zovuta pakukhutira
Huaru nthawi ina inkatchedwa "discus ya anthu osauka" chifukwa chofanana ndi discus komanso mtengo wake wotsika.
Tsopano nsombazi zilipo, ngakhale sizogulitsidwa kawirikawiri. Iyenera kusungidwa ndi akatswiri okhala m'madzi ndi zokumana nazo zina, popeza uaru ndiyosakhwima komanso yovuta. Simalola kusintha kwamadzi ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zowola m'madzi.
Woyang'anira m'madzi wokhala ndi chakudyacho ayenera kukhala wokonzeka kuwunika magawo amadzi ndikusintha madziwo nthawi zonse kuchotsa zotsalira za chakudya.
Nsombazi sizikhala zaukali zikasungidwa ndi nsomba zofananira, makamaka cichlids. Koma, lamuloli siligwira ntchito ndi nsomba zazing'ono, zomwe zimawona ngati chakudya.
Komanso, ndi bwino kuwasunga pagulu, kapena awiriawiri, popeza nsombazo zimakonda kucheza.
Kudyetsa
Omnivorous, uaru amadya chilichonse chomwe angapeze m'chilengedwe. Zitha kukhala tizilombo tosiyanasiyana komanso ma detritus, zipatso, mbewu ndi zomera zam'madzi.
Mu aquarium, ili ndi chakudya chamoyo (magazi a mphutsi, tubifex, brine shrimp) ndi zakudya zamasamba. Komanso, gawo lakumalizirali liyenera kukhala lokwanira, chifukwa mwachilengedwe ndi zakudya zazomera zomwe ndizofunikira pazakudya.
Zamasamba monga nkhaka kapena zukini, letesi, chakudya chambiri mu spirulina ndizomwe amafunikira. Ndikudya kotere, pakhoza kukhala mbeu zina m'madzi omwe adzapulumuke.
Ndikofunika kudyetsa kawiri patsiku, pang'ono pang'ono. Popeza uaru amazindikira zomwe zili mu nitrate ndi ammonia m'madzi, ndibwino kuti musapitirire moperekera chakudya ndikupereka pang'ono kuti zotsalira za chakudya zisawonongeke m'nthaka.
Huaru, severums ndi geophagus:
Kusunga mu aquarium
Kuti mupeze waru muyenera kukhala ndi aquarium yamtali wokwanira, kwa malita 300. Popeza nsombazo zimakonda kukhala pagulu, ndizofunika kwambiri, kuyambira 400.
Mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'madzi omwewo monga discus, chifukwa chake magawo awo amawasamalira ndi ofanana. Ndi madzi ofewa 5 - 12 dGH, okhala ndi pH ya 5.0-7.0, komanso kutentha kwa 26-28C.
Ndikofunikira kuti madzi am'madzi a aquarium akhale okhazikika komanso oyera. Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito fyuluta yakunja yamphamvu, nthawi zonse musinthe madzi ena ndi madzi abwino ndikupopera nthaka.
Ndimakonda kuwala kofooka kapena kwapakatikati komanso kofiyira.
Nthaka ndiyabwino kuposa mchenga kapena miyala yoyera, komanso makulidwe abwino, popeza nsomba zimakonda kukumba.
Ponena za zomera, uaru siubwenzi wawo, kapena kani, amakonda kuidya. Zomera zolimba, monga anubias, kapena ntchentche zosiyanasiyana zimapulumuka nazo, koma zimathanso kuswa omwe alibe chakudya chodyeramo.
Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito miyala ikuluikulu ndi nkhuni ngati chokongoletsera; ikani masamba ena ouma pamtengo pansi. Ndi m'malo otere momwe amakhala m'chilengedwe.
Ngakhale
Soyenera kukhala m'malo am'madzi ambiri, koma oyenera kukhala ndi ma cichlids ena akulu ku Central ndi South America. Cichlids aku South America sakhala achiwawa kuposa anzawo aku Africa, koma kwakukulukulu, zonse zimadalira kukula kwa thankiyo.
Huaru imatha kusungidwa ndi discus (ngakhale nsomba zosakhwima sizomwe zimakhala zoyandikana nazo), zokhala ndi ma buluu okhala ndi ma cichlazomas, ma cichlazomas a diamondi, zikopa, ma cichlazomas okhala ndi mizere yakuda, ma cichlazomas okhala ndi mizere isanu ndi itatu.
Nthawi zambiri, amakhala bwino ndi pafupifupi cichlid aliyense, bola ngati awa sakukhudzidwa nawo.
Huaru ndi nsomba zachikhalidwe, amafunika kusungidwa osachepera awiriawiri, ndipo makamaka anthu angapo, kenako amakhala ndiulamuliro ndikuwulula mawonekedwe awo. Zowona, gulu lankhosa lotere limafunikira nyanja yayikulu.
Kusiyana kogonana
Ndizovuta kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, koma, mwalamulo, ndi wokulirapo, ndipo ovipositor amawonekera mwa mkazi.
Kuswana
Kubereketsa cichlid iyi ndi kovuta, mwina ndi chifukwa chake amagawidwa pang'ono.
Choyamba, nkovuta kusiyanitsa mkazi ndi wamwamuna, chifukwa chake ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi ana, ndibwino kukhala ndi nsomba 6 kapena kupitilira apo, ndipo awiriwo atuluka okha. Kuphatikiza apo, pakupanga, awiriwa amafunikira aquarium yayikulu, kuchokera ku malita 300.
Ngakhale wamkazi amakonda malo amdima komanso obisika kuti aziikira mazira, izi sizimayimitsa makolowo, nthawi zambiri amachita mantha ndikudya mazira.
Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti ziberekane koyamba mu aquarium wamba, popeza kubereka koyamba kumalumikizidwa ndi nkhawa yayikulu kwa iwo. Ndipo kupezeka kwa oyandikana nawo kumawoneka ngati koopsa ndikukakamiza nsombazo kuteteza clutch.
Pofuna kuwaletsa kuti asadye caviar pomwe makolo asokonezedwa, mutha kutchinga chuma ndi magawano. Chifukwa chake, nsombazo zidzawona otsutsa, koma sangathe kufika m'mazira.
Mkazi amaikira mazira 100 mpaka 400, ndipo makolo onse amamusamalira. Malek amaswa masiku 4, ndipo amakula mwachangu, ndikukula masentimita 5 mkati mwa miyezi ingapo.
Achinyamata amadya ntchofu zomwe amatenga kwa makolo awo, chifukwa chake sichabwino kuwathamangitsa, makamaka ngati mulibe chidziwitso.
Komabe, izi sizikutsutsa kuti mwachangu amafunika kudyetsedwa, ndizotheka kuchita izi popatsa Artemia nauplii.
Mwachangu ndi mtundu wakuda, pang'onopang'ono umakhala wachikasu wokhala ndi madontho oyera, ndipo ikafika masentimita asanu imayamba kuipitsa.
