Border Collie ndi mtundu wa agalu oweta ziweto, ochokera kumalire a Anglo-Scottish, komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira ziweto, makamaka nkhosa. Border Collies amadziwika chifukwa cha luntha lawo, mphamvu zawo, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuchita bwino pamasewera. Mtunduwo umadziwika kuti ndiwanzeru kwambiri kuposa agalu onse oweta.
Zolemba
- Ndiwanzeru, amalabadira ndipo nthawi zambiri amayankha malamulo asanaperekedwe. Kuyembekezera zenizeni.
- Ndi galu wanzeru kwambiri, malinga ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi asayansi ku University of British Columbia motsogozedwa ndi Stanley Coren.
- Awa ndi anthu ogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso omwe amafunikira luso komanso kulimbitsa thupi, kutulutsa mphamvu. Kupanda kutero padzakhala mavuto akulu ndi machitidwe.
- Amamanga chilichonse chomwe chimayenda: amphaka, ana, akulu, agologolo, okwera njinga. Izi zitha kukhala vuto kwa oyandikana nawo komanso ana aang'ono.
- Phokoso, kuthamanga, ndi kusefukira kwa ana ndichachilengedwe, ndipo Border Collie imayesetsa kutsina, kuwongolera, kapena kuuwa. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwasunge m'mabanja omwe ali ndi ana ochepera zaka 7.
- Socialization limakupatsani kuchotsa manyazi ndi ndewu, maphunziro - khalidwe osafunika.
- Ndi akatswiri othawa, amatha kukwera mpanda ndikutsegula chitseko.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Mpaka koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 18, mbiri ya collie wa m'malire ndi yopanda tanthauzo kwambiri. Pakadali pano, galu yemwe tikudziwa lero adayamba kutuluka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana yakomweko. Collies amadziwika kuti akhalapo ku UK kwazaka mazana, kapena zikwizikwi, koma palibe amene akudziwa nthawi kapena momwe anaonekera koyamba mdzikolo.
Ngakhale dzina lokha - collie, limatanthauziridwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Akatswiri ambiri amakonda kukhulupirira kuti zimachokera ku "col" ya Anglo-Saxon, kutanthauza kuti wakuda.
Nkhosa zaku Scottish zimakhala ndi zotupa zakuda ndipo zimatchedwa Colleys kapena Coalies. Malinga ndi chiphunzitsochi, agalu oweta omwe amatsagana ndi nkhosazi amatchedwa Colley Agalu, kenako Colley.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, akatswiri ena asutsa chiphunzitsochi, akukhulupirira kuti mawuwa amachokera ku Chieliki "cailean", chomwe chimatha kutanthauziridwa ngati galu.
Zomwe tinganene motsimikiza: Border Collies akhala ku UK kwazaka zambiri ndipo adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira nkhosa ndi ziweto zina. Amapezeka kwambiri ku Wales, Scotland ndi Northern England. Chiphunzitso chodziwika kwambiri ndikuti adafika ndi Aroma, omwe adalanda zilumbazi mu 43 AD. e.
Zimakhazikitsidwa pazinthu zitatu: Aroma anali ndi agalu angapo oweta, anali ndi dzikolo kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo amafanana kwambiri ndi agalu akumakontinenti monga Beauceron.
Zowona, nthanthi ina imati iwo ndi achikulire kwambiri ndipo amatumikira Aselote. Monga umboni, kusiyana ndi mitundu ina ya ziweto komanso zomwe zimapezeka kuzilumba zaku Britain zokha, malo omaliza a Aselote, zatchulidwa.
Sizofunikira kwenikweni kuti adabweretsedwapo, kapena poyamba amakhala pazilumbazi, koma ku UK ndi komwe adadzakhala mtundu wamakono. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, adasinthidwa ndi cholinga chimodzi - kuthandizira ziweto, ndipo ntchito imagwiridwa koposa zonse.
Osonkhanitsa anasankha agalu olimba kwambiri, osamalirika komanso anzeru omwe ali ndi chidwi chambiri kusukulu komanso magwiridwe antchito.
Kunja kunali kosangalatsa pokhapokha akagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochitika, galu amayenera kukhala wamtundu woyenera komanso ndi tsitsi lotha kuteteza nyengo. Izi zidapangitsa agalu ambiri ofanana nawo otchedwa ma collies.
Pomwe kutchuka kudadza, zidapezeka kuti ku UK kuli mitundu ingapo yamitundu yamalire, koma eni ake sanakonde ziwonetsero, anali agalu okhazikika.
Maganizo awo adayamba kusintha m'ma 1860 pomwe Mfumukazi Victoria idakondana ndi Rough Border Collie paulendo wake ku Barmolar Castle (Scotland). Anapanga agalu kukhala otchuka ndipo eni ake ambiri amafuna kuti mtunduwo ukhale wofanana.
Sanasamale za magwiridwe antchito, koma adasankha agalu okongola kwambiri, owoloka ndi ma greyhound ndi mitundu ina. Zotsatira zake, agalu adakhala okongola ndikukwaniritsa muyeso, koma magwiridwe awo adatsika kwambiri.
Agalu ogwira ntchito adayamba kulipidwa kwambiri ndi English Kennel Club ndipo kuyambira nthawi ina, mizereyo idasinthanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Komabe, eni agalu ogwira ntchito adawona zabwino zamabuku ndi mipikisano yolinganizidwa. Kwa iwo, mpikisano wothandiza kwambiri ndi womwe galuyo amatha kudziwonetsera yekha kuchokera kuntchito.
Umu ndi m'mene mipikisano yoyamba yagalu idawonekera, yomwe idakhala yotchuka mdziko lonselo. Mmodzi mwa akatswiri oyamba anali galu wa tricolor wotchedwa Old Hemp, wodekha kwambiri komanso wowoneka bwino. Makoloni ambiri amakono amalire adachokera kwa iye.
Pampikisano wabwinowu, ISDS (International Sheep Dog Society) idapangidwa, gulu lodzipereka pakusintha mtunduwo. Poyamba, idayang'ana agalu ochokera kumalire a Scotland ndi England, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi ena mwa abwino kwambiri.
Mu 1915, Secretary of Society James Reid adagwiritsa ntchito liwu loti Border Collie kusiyanitsa agalu omwe akupikisana nawo pamipikisano ya ISDS kuchokera ku Scottish Collies. Dzinalo linakhalabe, ndipo posakhalitsa agalu onse ogwira ntchito anayamba kutchedwa choncho.
Mu 1965, United Kennel Club imavomereza mtunduwo, imakhala ndi ziwonetsero, koma imakonda kusankha magwiridwe antchito. Otsatsa aku Britain amakonda UKC, ndipo samakhulupirira American Kennel Club. Kwa zaka zambiri, AKC imakana kuzindikira mtunduwo, akuti mulingo wake sunakule mokwanira.
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, agaluwa akuchulukirachulukira ku United States, ndipo momwe amawaonera akusintha. Tsopano amadziwika ndi mabungwe akulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo ali 47th otchuka kwambiri ku United States, mwa mitundu 167 yolembetsedwa.
Border Collie amadziwika kuti ndi agalu anzeru kwambiri padziko lapansi. komanso malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso osiyanasiyana. Pali galu m'modzi yemwe amadziwa malamulo opitilira 1000 ndipo izi zalembedwa. Chifukwa cha luntha lawo komanso kuthekera kwawo kuphunzira, sagwiritsidwa ntchito pongobzala ng'ombe.
Awa ndi agalu othandizira omwe amagwira ntchito pachikhalidwe, muzithandizo zadzidzidzi, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati agalu owongolera.
Kufotokozera
Agalu ogwira ntchito amasiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana, chifukwa samalandira chidwi. Mwambiri, ndi galu wokulirapo, wokhala ndi chovala chotalika, chokhuthala komanso chothina kwambiri. Amuna omwe amafota amafika 48-56 cm, akazi 46-53 cm.
Chovalacho ndi chopindika, chimatha kukhala chosalala kapena chofewa, chowongoka komanso chopindika. Pali mitundu iwiri: sing'anga yayitali yayitali komanso tsitsi lalifupi.
Ngakhale wakuda ndi woyera ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri, coli yamalire imatha kukhala yamtundu uliwonse kapena utoto. Awa ndi ma tricolors (akuda-oyera-oyera) ndi marble ndi monochromatic, ngakhale merle.
Mitundu yamaso kuyambira hazel mpaka buluu, ndipo pakhoza kukhala heterochromia (mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamaso, nthawi zambiri agalu osakanikirana).
Makutu samabwerera m'mbuyo mosiyanasiyana: kuyimilira, kupachika, kuwongoka. Ngakhale eni agalu ogwira ntchito ali ndi zokonda (amapewa agalu oyera, akukhulupirira kuti sawopa nkhosa), kunja kwawo kumachita gawo laling'ono.
Amawalemekeza chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito ndi luntha, osati momwe amawonekera.
Agalu omwe ali ndi makolo awo amakhala osasangalatsa kwambiri pazowonetsa, chifukwa amayenera kukwaniritsa miyezo ya mtundu wawo. Mwachitsanzo, maso awo ayenera kukhala anzeru komanso owongoka, ndipo mtundu wawo wamaso womwe amakonda ukhale wofiirira.
Khalidwe
Iwo ndi ogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, ovuta kwambiri pamitundu yoweta. Agalu opanda mbewa alibe mphamvu kuposa agalu ogwira ntchito, koma kusiyana kumeneku kumawonekera m'busayo. Border Collies ndi okonda anthu, amafuna kukhala ndi eni ake ndipo sakonda kukhala okha. Galu atasiyidwa yekha kwa nthawi yayitali, amakhala ndi zovuta zamakhalidwe.
Pokhudzana ndi alendo, amakhala osamala, ndi mayanjano oyenera adzakhala aulemu, koma otalikirana. Ngakhale kukwiya kwa alendo sikutengera mtunduwo, kumatha kuchitika.
Makola ambiri akumalire amatsata chibadwa cha abusa, amayesa kuwongolera achilendo, ndipo amachita izi pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotsimikizika yotsina miyendo. Khalidwe ili limakonzedwa ndi maphunziro. Popeza agaluwa sakhala achilengedwe komanso osachita nkhanza, sakhala oyenerera bwino ngati alonda, ngakhale amateteza gulu.
Eni ake ambiri ndi akatswiri samalimbikitsa kuti azisungidwa m'mabanja omwe ali ndi ana aang'ono ochepera zaka 8-10. Amakhala ndi chidwi choyendetsa bwino ndipo amatsina nkhosa ndi miyendo kuti ziwatsogolere. Amatha kuchita chimodzimodzi ndi ana, kuphatikiza m'malire samakonda phokoso ndi kuthamanga, ana ang'ono amawopseza ndikuwachititsa manyazi.
Kwa zaka mazana ambiri agaluwa agwirapo ntchito ndi nyama, nthawi zambiri m'mapaketi ndi agalu ena. Zotsatira zake, amakhala ochezeka kwambiri ndi abale, mavuto samabuka. Komabe, amaphunzitsidwa kuteteza nkhosa zawo ku agalu achilengedwe ndipo amakayikira kwambiri alendo. Kupsa mtima komweku kumatha kukhala kwa agalu ena amtundu womwewo omwe amakumana nawo akamayenda.
Wopangidwa bwino, Border Collie sakhala wankhanza kwa ziweto zina. Koma, nayi nkhani yofananira ndi ana, chikhumbo chowongolera zonse zokuzungulirani. Izi zimabweretsa mavuto: ndi akavalo (amatha kusuntha ziboda ndi uzitsine), amphaka (awa sakonda kudzilamulira okha) ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, omwe amatha kufa ndi izi. Mukaphunzitsidwa bwino, chibadwa chimachepetsa, koma ndizosatheka kuchotseratu.
Border Collie ili pamwamba pamndandanda wamitundu yochenjera kwambiri, yokhoza kuphunzira ndikumaliza zovuta zilizonse. Ali m'gulu la agalu oweta bwino kwambiri ndipo amachita bwino pamipikisano monga kuthamanga ndi kumvera.
Liwiro la kuphunzira kwawo ndilodabwitsa, pafupifupi, zimatengera kubwereza kasanu kuti galu azikumbukira ndikumvetsetsa, ndipo samaiwala zomwe aphunzira. Ndipo mosayembekezereka, zimakhala zovuta kuwaphunzitsa. Ndiwanzeru kwambiri kotero kuti amayenda masitepe angapo patsogolo pa wophunzitsa ndikutopa ndi ntchito zosasangalatsa.
Agalu ambiri amamvetsetsa zomwe zili zabwino kwa iwo ndi zomwe sizili ndipo amakhala motsatira mzerewu, kusokoneza munthu. Muunyamata, ali opambana ndipo atha kutsutsa ufulu wawo woyamba paketiyo. Lamulo ndi ili: Wophunzitsa waluso amapanga mnzake wanzeru kwambiri komanso womvera kuchokera kwa galu, mwini wosadziwa zambiri - chilombo chosalamulirika komanso chosasamala.
Amakhalanso olimba kwambiri ndipo amafunika kupsinjika. Ndi ma kelpies aku Australia okha, omwe amafunikira katundu wokulirapo, omwe angatsutsane nawo. Ndizosatheka kuti banja wamba lipereke ntchito zochuluka chonchi. Zochepa ndizoyendetsa maola awiri kapena atatu (osayenda), tsiku lililonse. Momwemo, maola asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri ogwira ntchito, koma atha kukhala ochulukirapo. Dziwani kuti muyenera kutsegula ma collies am'mphepete popanda zosankha, apo ayi ayamba kukhala ndi mavuto pamakhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe. Amakhala owononga, owawa, otakasuka, amaluma zinthu, amasiya kumvera.
Ochepa, koma anzeru komanso olimba, amatha kuwononga chilichonse mnyumbamo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pakokha sichinthu chilichonse, muyenera kutsegula mwanzeru. Ena mwa eni ake amapulumutsidwa ndimayendedwe amasewera: kumvera ndi changu, momwe amawonetsera zotsatira zabwino.
Mfundo ina yomwe ilipo - amatha kuthawa kulikonse. Ngati simungathe kudumpha mpanda, mutha kukumba. Kapena tsegulani chipata. Kapena khomo. Iwo sangathe kutero.
Chisamaliro
Kwa agalu opanda tsitsi, tsitsi lalitali, pali kudzikongoletsa kochulukirapo, nthawi zina eni ake amapempha thandizo la wokonzekeretsa waluso. Agalu ogwira ntchito, komano, samakumana ndi kupyola muyeso koteroko.
Border Collies amakhetsa, koma kuchuluka kwa malaya kumasiyana ndi galu ndi galu. Monga lamulo, pali ubweya wambiri, ena amatha kuphimba nawo pansi ndi makalapeti nawo.
Zaumoyo
Working Border Collie ndi imodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri za agalu. Amaweta kokha chifukwa chantchito komanso ana agalu okhala ndi zilema amawonongeka pakukayikira koyamba. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi dziwe lalikulu, pomwe kuwoloka sikupezeka.
Obereketsa agalu otere amati agalu okongoletsa amafooka pang'ono, koma zifukwa zawo sizimveka.
Popeza agalu ambiri amakhala kumidzi, ndizosatheka kuwerengera moyo wawo. Koma, collie wa m'malire ndi amodzi mwa agalu atali kwambiri, makamaka pakati pa mitundu yofanana.
Amakhala ndi moyo kuyambira zaka 12 mpaka 15, ngakhale zaka 16 ndi 17 sizachilendo.
