Alabai kapena Central Asian Shepherd Dog (yemwenso ndi Turkmen Alabai ndi CAO, English Central Asia Shepherd Dog) ndi mbadwa zakale za agalu achiaborijini ochokera ku Central Asia. Anthu okhala m'derali amagwiritsa ntchito Alabaevs poteteza ndi kuteteza katundu ndi ziweto.
Kunyumba, iyi ndi imodzi mwamitundu yotchuka kwambiri, imapezeka ku Russia, koma imapezeka kunja. Kutchuka kumeneku ndikoyenera, chifukwa ndi agalu akulu kwambiri, olimba kwambiri omwe angapulumuke nyengo yovuta ya Asia.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Palibe chomwe chinganenedwe motsimikiza za chiyambi ndi mapangidwe amtunduwu. Anasungidwa ndi ma stepp nomads, omwe anali ochepa owerenga, ndipo kulemba sikunkalemekezedwa. Onjezerani ku izi kubalalika ndi kuyenda kosalekeza, komwe sikumawonjezera kumveka.
Chinthu chimodzi, tinganene motsimikiza, ndi mbadwa ya Alabai yaku Central Asia, zigawo zomwe zili mdera la Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan. Agwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza katundu ndi ziweto kuyambira kalekale, koma ndizosatheka kunena motsimikiza kuti ndi dziko liti. Zolemba zoyambirira zimatchula za agalu awa, koma analipo iwo asanakhaleko.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, mtunduwo ndi wazaka 4000, 7000 komanso zaka 14000.
Pali magulu awiri a theorists, ena amakhulupirira kuti agaluwa amachokera kwa agalu akale aku Asia, ena ochokera ku Mastiff waku Tibetan. Chowonadi chili pakati penipeni, mitundu yambiri ili m'magazi a Alabai, chifukwa adakula mwachilengedwe kwa zaka zosachepera 4000!
Sikoyenera kuti ndi momwe adawonekera, chifukwa agaluwa amakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pamoyo wamitundu yosamukasamuka. Ankatumikira monga maso, makutu ndi malupanga kwa ambuye awo, nthawi zonse akuyembekezera zomwe zingawopseze.
Ngakhale zida zamakono ndi njira zosakira zatsala pang'ono kuwononga nyama zodyera ku Central Asia, nthawi ina kunali mimbulu, afisi, nkhandwe, nkhandwe, nkhandwe, zimbalangondo, akambuku ndi akambuku a Transcaucasian m'derali.
Agalu Achichepere aku Central Asia amayang'ana omwe angathe kuwononga nyama, kuwathamangitsa kapena kulowa kunkhondo. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri amakhala kutali ndi anthu, ntchito imapitilira, ndipo ziweto zinali zazikulu.
Komanso, kunali koyenera kuteteza osati nyama, mu steppe panalibe kusowa kwa achifwamba, akuba ndi oyandikana nawo adyera, nkhondo pakati pa mafuko inatenga zaka mazana ambiri.
Alabai adatenga nawo mbali pomenya nkhondo, kudzitchinjiriza kwake komanso kuzunza ena mwankhanza. Onjezani ku zonsezi nyengo yosasangalatsa yamphepo. Central Asia amadziwika ndi nyengo youma, mapiri ndi mapiri achisanu.
Kutentha kumeneko kumatha kukhala pamwamba pa 30 C masana, ndikugwera pansi pa 0 C usiku. Zonsezi zidakhala ngati kusankha kwachilengedwe kwa Alabai, agalu olimba kwambiri, anzeru kwambiri, omwe adasinthidwa.
Pomaliza, a Alabai adagwira ntchito yofunikira pamagulu pomwe mafuko ndi mabanja amasonkhana kuti alumikizane. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika nthawi ya tchuthi kapena pamgwirizano wamtendere. Fuko lililonse limabweretsa agalu awo, makamaka amuna, kumenyera agalu.
Chofunikira cha nkhondoyi chinali chosiyana ndi zomwe zikuchitika lero m'mayenje omenyera nkhondo mosaloledwa, pomwe agalu osiyanasiyana amaseweredwa. Sikunali kufa kwa nyama komwe kunali kofunikira, koma kutsimikiza kwa yemwe anali wamkulu kuposa yemwe. Nkhondo yeniyeniyo inali yowonetsa ukali komanso kupuma, ndipo nthawi zambiri imafikira magazi. Ngakhale mphamvu ndi nkhanza zamphongo zinali zofanana ndipo zidayamba kumenya nkhondo, m'modzi wa iwo adataya mtima ndikuwononga magazi ochepa.
Ndewu izi zinali zosangalatsa zodziwika bwino pomwe kubetcha kunayikidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kwa mamembala amtunduwu, kupambana kunali kupambana kwakukulu komanso chifukwa chonyadira.
Koma, posachedwa, misonkhano yotereyi inali yofananira ndi ziwonetsero zaposachedwa, pomwe oimira abwino kwambiri amtunduwu adatsimikiza, omwe adatsalira kuti aswane. Zowonadi, kuti titeteze, agalu akuluakulu, amphamvu adafunikira. Koma chofunikira kwambiri ndikuti Agalu Achilendo aku Central Asia amayenera kuti asabwerere m'mbuyo asanawopsezedwe.
Nyengo yovuta komanso malo akutali zimapangitsa Central Asia kukhala amodzi mwa malo akutali kwambiri padziko lapansi, ngati sichinthu chimodzi. Central Asia ili m'malire ndi zigawo zinayi zolemera kwambiri, zokhala ndi anthu ambiri komanso mbiri yakale: Europe, Middle East, China ndi India.
Msewu wotchuka wa silika unkadutsa gawo lake, ndipo kwazaka mazana ambiri golide yekha anali wokwera mtengo kuposa silika. Pofuna kupewa akuba komanso chitetezo, amalonda amagula nthawi zonse kuti azilondera apaulendo.
Koma, chuma cha oyandikana nawo chidayambitsa umbombo wa anthu ambiri osamukasamuka, magulu awo ankhondo nthawi zonse amaukira anzawo kuti awalande. Amuna okwera pamahatchi, adaphunzira kukhala pachishalo asanayende, nthawi yomweyo adalowa ndikubwerera m'mbuyo ndi nyama. Mazana, mwinanso masauzande a mafuko osamukasamuka ayamba kuzimiririka, ndikusiya mayina okha: Magyars, Bulgars, Pechenegs, Polovtsian, Mongols, Turks, Turkmens, Scythians, Sarmatians, Alans.
Ndipo ngakhale kuti kavalo ankaonedwa kuti ndiwofunika kwambiri kwa nomad, anali agalu omwe amabweretsa mantha kwa adani. Zimanenedwa kuti ngakhale a Molossians (agalu ankhondo achi Greek ndi Aroma) anali otsika kwa iwo pankhondo. Ndipo, mwachidziwikire, agalu ankhondo ambiriwa anali CAO kapena mitundu yofananira. Olemba mbiri ambiri ali ndi chidaliro kuti azungu komanso aku Middle East adachita chidwi nawo kotero kuti adadzitengera okha.
Agalu Aubusa aku Central Asia akhala akupanga kudera la Central Asia kwazaka zambiri. Kupita patsogolo kwa Chisilamu kwakhudza agalu, chifukwa amawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama zonyansa. Koma osati ku Central Asia, komwe agalu amasewera gawo lalikulu kwambiri kuti atayidwe. Akupitirizabe kukhala wosasintha mpaka pafupifupi zaka 1400.
Pofika nthawiyo, anthu aku Russia anali atayamba kuphunzira ku Western Europe, kuphatikiza mfuti. Ngakhale agalu anali owopsa, sakanatha kuchita chilichonse motsutsana ndi mfuti. Ivan Wowopsa mu 1462 akuyamba kukankhira malire, ndikuphwanya osamukasamuka. M'dzikomo mumakhala alendo omwe amasangalalanso ndi agalu. Amawatcha abusa kapena nkhandwe.
Koma Dziko Loyamba ndi Kusintha Kwachikomyunizimu sikunakhudze kwenikweni deralo. Achikominisi omwe adayamba kulamulira ali okonzeka kumenya nkhondo ndipo akufuna mtundu womwe ungateteze, kuyang'anira malire, kulondera.
Kuyang'ana kwa wina akutembenukira kwa Agalu Akuluakulu a ku Asia, kuchuluka kwa agalu omwe amatumizidwa kunja kukukulira kwambiri. Pamene olamulira amasankha agalu abwino, mtundu wa anthu umayamba kuvutika.
Nthawi yomweyo, mitundu yatsopano imabwera kuchokera konsekonse ku Soviet Union. Mitunduyi imadutsa mwamphamvu ndi Alabai kuti ikwaniritse mawonekedwe awo. Komabe, mtunduwo umadziwika kuti ndiwosakwaniritsa zolinga zankhondo, chifukwa Alabai ndi ovuta kuphunzitsa.
Amachotsedwa m'gulu lankhondo, koma kutchuka kwa mtunduwu m'maiko a USSR kwakula kale, anthu ambiri akufuna kudzipezera nkhandwe.
M'masiku amenewo, pomwe boma la USSR lidachita chidwi ndi Agalu Ombusa a Central Asia, sanali mtundu umodzi. Izi zinali zosiyana mderalo, zambiri zomwe zinali ndi mayina awo apadera. Onsewa amaphatikizana wina ndi mnzake komanso ndi mitundu ina.
Zotsatira zake, Alabai amakono amatha kukhala osiyana kwambiri wina ndi mzake, kuposa mitundu ina yoyera. Otsatsa ambiri ochokera ku Central Asia ndi Russia amasungabe mitundu yakale, koma mestizo ochulukirachulukira akuwonekera.
Mu Julayi 1990, State Agroprom wa Turkmen SSR idavomereza mtundu wa mtundu wa "Turkmen wolfhound", koma uku ndikuchepa kwa dziko lalikulu. Ndi kugwa kwa USSR, adayamba kutchuka ku Europe. Anthu ambiri aku America ndi azungu amaphunzira za mtunduwu ndikuyamba kuwuswana.
Ambiri mwa iwo amakonda galu wamkulu wolondera kapena kumenya galu kosaloledwa, koma pali ena omwe amafunika alonda pagulu. Alabaev wayamba kuzindikira m'mabungwe ambiri cynological. Yoyamba ndi Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI).
Kufotokozera
Ndizovuta kufotokoza mosamveka mawonekedwe a Alabai, chifukwa chakuti ndiosiyana kwambiri. Pali kusiyanasiyana kwenikweni kwa Galu Waubusa waku Central Asia, omwe ambiri amaphatikizana. Kuphatikiza apo, amaphatikizana ndi mitundu ina. Amafanana ndi agalu ena akulu olondera, koma opepuka pomanga komanso othamanga.
Pali chinthu chimodzi chodziwika bwino ku Alabai onse - ndiochulukirapo. Ngakhale si mtundu waukulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndi galu wamkulu kwambiri.
Amuna omwe amafota amakhala osachepera 70 cm, akazi osachepera masentimita 65. Mwachizolowezi, agalu ambiri amakhala apamwamba kwambiri kuposa ziwerengero zochepa, makamaka omwe amakhala ku Asia. Kulemera kwa amuna kumakhala pakati pa 55 mpaka 80 kg, mabakiteriya kuyambira 40 mpaka 65 kg, ngakhale pakati pa amuna nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza Alabai yolemera 90 kg. Alabai wamkulu kwambiri wotchedwa Bulldozer anali wolemera makilogalamu 125, ndipo kuyimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo kunafika mamita awiri. Komabe, pakadali pano wamwalira kale.
Mwa iwo, mawonekedwe azakugonana amadziwika kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina, amuna ndi akazi amasiyana kwambiri kukula ndi mawonekedwe.
Galu Waubusa waku Central Asia ayenera kukhala wolimba mwamphamvu komanso wamphamvu, mawonekedwe ake akuwonetsa kuti ali wokonzeka kukumana ndi mdani aliyense. Komabe, sayenera kuwoneka wopapatiza komanso wolimba.
Mchira wa Alabai mwachizolowezi umakwezedwa ku chitsa chachifupi, koma tsopano mchitidwewu ndiwachikale ndipo ndi oletsedwa ku Europe. Mchira wachilengedwe ndiwotalika, wokutira m'munsi ndikugundana kumapeto.
Kukula mochedwa kumakhalanso ndi makhalidwe, agalu amakula mwakuthupi komanso mwaluso zaka zitatu.
Mutu ndi mphuno ndi zazikulu, zazikulu komanso zosangalatsa, koma osati zazikulu mosafanana ndi za ma mastiff ambiri. Pamwamba pa chigaza ndi mphumi ndizotalala, mutu umalumikizana bwino ndi mphuno, ngakhale kuyimilira kumatchulidwa. Mphuno nthawi zambiri imakhala yayifupi kwambiri kuposa chigaza, koma yotakata kwambiri.
Kuluma lumo, mano akulu. Mphuno ndi yayikulu, yotakata, nthawi zambiri imakhala yakuda, ngakhale bulauni ndi mithunzi yake imaloledwa. Maso ndi akulu, okhazikika, owulungika ndi amdima. Chidziwitso chambiri cha Alabai ndikulamulira, mphamvu komanso kutsimikiza.
Makutu a Alabai mwachizolowezi amadulidwa pafupi ndi mutu, kotero kuti amakhala osawoneka. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri kwa ana agalu, koma kudula khutu kumatuluka m'mafashoni mwachangu kwambiri kuposa kudula mchira. Makutu achilengedwe ndi ang'ono, mawonekedwe amakona atatu, akugwa ndikukhazikika, pansi pamzere wamaso.
Chovalacho ndi cha mitundu iwiri: yaifupi (3-4 cm) ndi yayitali (7-8 cm). Onse awiri ndi awiriwo, atavala mkanjo wamkati ndi malaya apamwamba owuma. Tsitsi pamphuno, pamphumi ndi m'mapazi amafupikitsa komanso osalala. CAO imatha kukhala yamtundu uliwonse, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyera, yakuda, yofiira.
Khalidwe
Monga momwe zimawonekera, mawonekedwe a Alabai amatha kusiyanasiyana ndi galu ndi galu. Pali mizere inayi, mzere uliwonse umasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Aliyense amene akufuna kugula Alabai ayenera kudziwa kuti makolo ake anali ndani ndipo ayenera kuganizira mozama posankha kennel, chifukwa mizere ina imatha kukhala yankhanza kwambiri.
Mwambiri, agaluwa amakhala okhazikika, koma mizere yomwe imalumikizidwa kuti ichite nawo ndewu za agalu nthawi zambiri sizimadziwika. Koma, ngakhale agalu osankhidwa mosamala amakhala olamulira kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala achiwawa, ndipo amapatsidwa kukula kwawo ndi mphamvu zawo ...
Kuphatikiza kwa izi kumapangitsa Alabai kukhala amodzi mwamitundu yoyipa kwambiri kwa okonda agalu oyamba kumene. Zamkatimu zimafunikira chidziwitso, kuleza mtima komanso kufunitsitsa.
Turkmen Alabai amapanga ubale wapamtima ndi mwininyumba, yemwe amadziphatika kwamuyaya. Ambiri a iwo amadziwika - galu wa munthu m'modzi, osanyalanyaza kapena osagwirizana ndi aliyense kupatula mwini wake.
Chikondi chimenechi ndi champhamvu kwambiri kwakuti agalu ambiri abusa aku Central Asia samasintha eni ake. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri amakonda kwambiri kotero kuti amanyalanyaza abale awo ena, ngakhale omwe akhala nawo kwanthawi yayitali komanso okwatirana nawo.
Mtundu uwu sioyenera ngati galu wabanja kapena mabanja omwe ali ndi ana. Ambiri a Alabai sakudziwa kuti ayenera kukhala odekha ndi ana, ndipo kulimba mtima kwawo kungakhale vuto. Inde, amateteza ana ndipo sawakhumudwitsa, koma ... iyi ndi galu wamkulu komanso wolimba.
Ngakhale ndi agalu okongoletsera, ana sayenera kusiyidwa osasamaliridwa, tinganene chiyani za chimphona chotere. Ngakhale amakhala bwino ndi ana, amadzilola okha kukwera. Izi zidalira pamakhalidwe ndi makulidwe.
Ndiwotchi ndipo Alabai ambiri amakayikira alendo, kungonena zochepa. Maphunziro ndi mayanjano ndizofunikira kuyambira paunyamata, apo ayi mupeza mavuto akulu mukamakula.
Kuphunzitsa kumatha kuchepetsa kukwiya, koma mamembala ena amtunduwu amatha kumverera za alendo. Mwini wake akuyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ngakhale kukwiya pang'ono kuli vuto lalikulu chifukwa cha kulimba kwa agalu.
Ngakhale agalu ochepa kwambiri amakhalabe okayikira komanso osakondera alendo. Amakhala oteteza, okhalapo ndipo amakhala atcheru nthawi zonse, amodzi mwa agalu oteteza kwambiri. Ndipo kuluma kwake kumakhala koyipa kwambiri kuposa kukuwa ...
Samagwirizana kwathunthu ndi aliyense amene angayese kulowa mderalo osayenda nawo, koma amayesetsa kuwopsa ndikuwachenjeza kaye. Ngakhale amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mosazengereza.
Agalu Aubusa aku Central Asia ndiotetezera abwino omwe amayesetsa kuteteza mwini wake. M'zaka mazana angapo zapitazi, adapita kukakumana ndi akambuku ndi zimbalangondo, adadzetsa mantha mwa gulu lankhondo lachi Roma, kotero kuti munthu wopanda zida sakanatha kulimbana nawo.
Ndipo kutenga nawo mbali pankhondo za agalu sikunawonjezere ku chikondi chawo kwa agalu ena. Monga momwe mungayembekezere, Agalu Achichepere aku Central Asia amakhala ankhanza kwa agalu ena ndipo nkhanza ndizosiyana: madera, zogonana, zazikulu, zokonda. Kuyanjana ndi kuphunzitsa kumachepetsa msinkhu wake, koma sizingachotsedwe kwathunthu.
Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa amuna, omwe nthawi zambiri samatha kuyimilira amuna ena. Ndi bwino kuwasunga okha kapena kukhala limodzi ndi galu wa anyamata kapena atsikana. Eni ake akuyenera kukumbukira kuti CAO imatha kupundula kapena kupha galu aliyense popanda khama.
Agaluwa amateteza ziweto, ndipo ngati alabai imamera pafamu, imakhala yoteteza nyama. Koma ambiri amakhala olusa kwa nyama zina, makamaka zachilendo. Alabai adzaukira nyama ina kuti iteteze gawo ndi banja ndipo mwina ayipha, ngakhale itakhala nkhandwe.
Kuleredwa ndi maphunziro a Turkmen Alabai ndi bizinesi yovuta kwambiri. Iyi si mtundu wa galu yemwe amakhala ndi chikondi cha mwini wake, ambiri aiwo ndi amakani kwambiri komanso amafunira. Kuphatikiza apo, ali olamulira ndipo amayesetsa kukankhira malire pazomwe munthu amaloledwa.
Popeza Galu Wachibusa waku Central Asia amanyalanyaza kwathunthu malamulo a yemwe amamuwona m'munsi mwake pamakwerero azikhalidwe kapena olamulira, eni ake nthawi zonse amakhala ndiudindo wapamwamba.
Izi sizitanthauza kuti kuphunzitsa Alabai sikutheka, zimangotenga nthawi yochulukirapo, khama komanso kuleza mtima. Palibe zovuta pokhapokha ndi ntchito yolondera, yomwe ili m'magazi awo.
Pamphepete, amayendayenda tsiku lonse, nthawi zambiri kupitirira makilomita 20 patsiku. Zotsatira zake, amafunika kulimbitsa thupi. Chochepa kwambiri ndi pafupifupi ola limodzi patsiku, tsiku lililonse.
Oimira mtunduwo omwe samalandira masewera olimbitsa thupi okwanira amatha kukhala ndi mavuto amakhalidwe, kuwonongeka, kusakhazikika, kuwuwa kosatha kapena kuchita ndewu.
Ndi anzawo abwino othamanga kapena kupalasa njinga, koma zomwe amafunikira ndi bwalo lalikulu. Chifukwa cha zomwe amafunikira komanso kukula kwawo, Alabai sagwirizana bwino mnyumbayo; amafunikira bwalo lokhala ndi malo akulu kapena mlengalenga.
Agalu a ku Central Asia amawaguguda kuchenjeza eni ake za kusintha kwakung'ono. Amadziwa kupunduka kwa munthu ndipo amatha kukuwa usiku chifukwa cha fungo, phokoso, kapena zochitika zina. Ngati muli ndi oyandikana nawo pafupi, izi zimabweretsa madandaulo a phokoso lambiri. N'zotheka kuchepetsa mphamvu ndi maphunziro, koma sizingatheke kuti zithetsedwe.
Chisamaliro
Ndi chisamaliro chotani chomwe chingafunike galu yemwe akukhala mumtsinje ndipo amatchedwa nkhandwe ya ku Turkmen? Osachepera. Sakusowa wololera aliyense waluso, kumangotsuka nthawi zonse.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuphunzitsa ana agalu kuti achoke msanga momwe angathere. Kupanda kutero, mumakhala pachiwopsezo chotenga galu yemwe amalemera makilogalamu 80 ndipo samakonda kuseweredwa. Amakhetsa, komanso kwambiri. Ambiri amakhala ochepa chaka chonse komanso owirikiza kawiri pachaka, koma ena amakhala olimba nthawi zonse. Nthawi zotere zimangosiya mabulu okhaokha.
Zaumoyo
Palibe chidziwitso chenicheni, popeza palibe kafukufuku wozama yemwe wachitika, ndipo pali mizere yambiri. Koma, eni ake akuti Alabai ndi amodzi mwamtundu wolimbikira komanso wathanzi, ndipo palibe chifukwa choti musakhulupirire.
Ali ndi dziwe labwino kwambiri, limodzi mwamagulu abwino kwambiri.
Agalu Abusa Aku Central Asia ali ndi chibadwa chabwino. Makolo awo amakhala m'malo ovuta, okhawo olimba ndi omwe adapulumuka. Komabe, vutoli linawonongeka chifukwa cha mitanda yochedwa mochedwa ndi mitundu ina.
Kutalika kwa moyo ndi zaka 10-12, zomwe ndizokwanira agalu akulu.
