Belgian Sheepdog (French Chien de Berger Belge) ndi mtundu wa agalu apakatikati akulu. Agalu Abusa aku Belgian ndi awa: Groenendael, Malinois, Laquenois ndi Tervuren. International Cynological Federation (ICF) imawona kuti ndi amtundu womwewo, koma m'mabungwe ena amawerengedwa kuti ndi mitundu yosiyana.
Zolemba
- Abusa aku Belgian ayenera kukhala otakataka kwa ola limodzi patsiku. Ngati simungathe kulongeza thupi ndi ubongo wawo momwe amasewera kapena kugwira ntchito, ndiye kuti apeza zosangalatsa. Koma adzakuwonongerani ndalama zambiri ndipo simudzawakonda.
- Yokhetsedwa mofanana, kudzikongoletsa kumadalira zosiyanasiyana.
- Zimagwirizana bwino ndi nyama ndi agalu ena, koma chibadwa choweta zimawapangitsa kuthamangitsa nyama yomwe ikuthawa kuti ibwererenso m'gulu lawo.
- Ndi anzeru kwambiri komanso amamvera ena chisoni, amadziwa bwino chinenero chamanja ndi nkhope yawo. Amakhala ndi ziweto zolimba komanso chibadwa choteteza.
- Amakonda mabanja awo komanso masewera awo. Maphunziro ayenera kukhala osangalatsa, osasintha, osangalatsa, abwino.
- Chifukwa cha luntha lawo, mphamvu zawo ndi zina, Abusa aku Belgian sakulimbikitsidwa kwa obereketsa oyamba kumene.
- Izi ndi agalu otchuka kwambiri, koma agalu ena aku Belgian Shepherd amakhala ovuta kugula. Mwachitsanzo, Laquenois ndi m'modzi mwa osowa kwambiri pakati pawo.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Agalu Amakono Achizungu aku Belgian amatchulidwa koyamba m'zaka za zana la 17. Chojambula kuchokera m'buku lachifalansa la nthawi imeneyo, chophatikizidwa m'buku la "German Shepherd in Pictures", lofalitsidwa mu 1923 ndi von Stefanitz, yemwe adayambitsa German Shepherd. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti adalipo ngati mtundu wina panthawiyo.
Vuto ndiloti agalu abusa siotchuka kwambiri m'zaka za zana lino. Olemekezeka achi Europe sanakhazikitse zibonga, ndipo akazi awo sanasunge agalu ngati ziweto.
Lamuloli lidaperekanso kwa Agalu Achibusa aku Belgian, omwe anali othandizira alimi. Ndipo moyo wamlimi sunali wamtengo wapatali komanso wosangalatsa, chifukwa chake mbiri ya mtunduwu siyodziwika kuposa agalu ena, amtengo wapatali.
Kuchokera pazomwe zidatsalira, zikuwonekeratu kuti anthu aku Belgian amagwiritsa ntchito njira zoweta zofananira ndi za omwe amakhala nawo pafupi, achi French.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, Belgium idalowetsedwa ndipo mitundu yatsopano ya agalu imalowa mdzikolo limodzi ndi asitikali. Belgium idalandira ufulu mu 1831.
Pomwe kusintha kwa mafakitale kudayamba, chuma cha dziko chidayamba kusintha. Njanji, mafakitale, matekinoloje atsopano adawonekera.
Kukhazikika m'mizinda kwapangitsa kuti msipu usowa komanso kutuluka kwa anthu m'midzi kupita m'mizinda. Izi zidakhudza kutchuka kwa agalu oweta, omwe padalibe ntchito yatsala.
M'zaka za zana la XIX, Europe idadzazidwa ndi kukonda dziko lako, mayiko ambiri akufuna kukhala ndi agalu awo, amitundu. Kuti mtundu uwu ukhale wosiyana ndi ena, miyezo yokhwima ikupangidwa. Ndipo pa Seputembara 29, 1891, Club du Chien de Berger Belge (CCBB) idapangidwa ku Brussels.
Pambuyo pake, mu Novembala 1891, Pulofesa Adolph Reul adzasonkhanitsa oimira 117 amtunduwu ochokera m'matawuni ozungulira. Amawaphunzira kuti amvetsetse mtundu womwe ungaganizidwe m'dera lililonse. Panthawiyo kulibe miyezo, agalu onsewa ndi apadera, ngakhale ena ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana.
Alimi sasamala zakunja, amangoyang'ana magwiridwe antchito. Komabe, Riyul amawalumikiza ndi mtundu wawo ndipo mu 1892 amapanga mulingo woyamba wa Belgian Shepherd. Amazindikira kusiyanasiyana katatu: tsitsi lalifupi, lalitali, lamiyendo.
Agalu Abusa aku Belgian amagawidwa malinga ndi kunja ndi dera komwe amapezeka kwambiri. Agalu a nkhosa okhala ndi tsitsi lalitali, lakuda amatchedwa Groenendael pambuyo pa mzinda womwewo, ma tervurenins ofiira ofiira, ofiira ofupikira a Malinois pambuyo pa tawuni ya Mechelen, ometa ndi waya pambuyo pa nyumba yachifumu ya Chateau de Laeken kapena Laekenois.
Obereketsa amatembenukira ku Societe Royale Saint-Hubert (SRSH), bungwe lalikulu kwambiri panthawiyo. Mu 1892, adapempha kuti adziwitse mtundu, koma adakanidwa. Ntchito yokhazikika ikupitilizabe ndipo mu 1901 SRSH imazindikira mtunduwo.
Chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa ziwonetsero za agalu, obereketsa aku Belgian akusiya zofunikira pantchito ndikuyang'ana kunja kuti apambane chiwonetserochi. Chifukwa cha ichi, Agalu Abusa aku Belgian agawika ndi cholinga.
Atsitsi lalitali amatenga nawo mbali pazowonetsa, ndipo aamfupi amapitilizabe kugwira ntchito yoweta agalu.
Nicholas Rose waku Groenendael ndi bambo yemwe adachita upainiya pakupanga Galu Wam'busa waku Belgian yemweyo. Zinali iye amene analenga woyamba Groenendael nazale - Chateau de Groenendael.
A Louis Huyghebaert anali kulimbikitsa ma Malinois ndipo adati zofunikira pakugwira ntchito sizothandiza, popeza panali nkhosa zochepa ku Belgium.
Belgian Shepherd ndiye mtundu woyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi apolisi. Mu Marichi 1899, agalu atatu abusa adalowa mgululi mumzinda wa Ghent. Panthawiyo, anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira m'malire, ndipo kuthekera kwawo kutsatira ozembetsa kunadziwika kwambiri.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba agalu abusawa adapezeka ku America mu 1907, pomwe a Groenendael adabweretsedwa mdziko muno. Mu 1908, adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati agalu apolisi ku Paris ndi New York. Agalu Otchuka kwambiri a Abusa aku Belgian ndi Malinois ndi Groenendael, omwe amafalitsidwa bwino padziko lonse lapansi.
Ndikubuka kwa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, akupitilizabe kutumikira, koma kutsogolo. Amagwira ntchito ngati alonda, kunyamula makalata, makatiriji, kuchita ovulala. Pankhondo, ambiri amadziwa mtunduwu ndipo kutchuka kwake kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Abusa aku Belgian amayenera kudziwika kuti ndi agalu olimba mtima, olimba komanso okhulupirika.
Ngakhale kuti Belgium idadutsa pankhondo ziwiri zapadziko lonse ndipo agalu ambiri adamwalira, izi sizinakhudze kutchuka kwawo komanso kuchuluka kwa majini.
Masiku ano afala komanso kutchuka, ngakhale kutchuka kumeneku sikungafanane ndipo kusiyanasiyana kuli ndi akatswiri othamanga komanso ena ochepa.
Kufotokozera
Ku Belgium, mitundu yonse inayi imadziwika ngati mtundu umodzi, wosiyanitsidwa ndi malaya awo atali ndi kapangidwe kake. M'mayiko ena, amadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, American Kennel Club (AKC) imazindikira Groenendael, Tervuren ndi Malinois, koma sazindikira Laekenois konse.
New Zealand Kennel Club imawawona ngati mitundu yosiyana, pomwe Australia National Kennel Council, Canada Kennel Club, Kennel Union yaku South Africa, United Kennel Club ndi Kennel Club (UK) atsatira FCI ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi.
Kusiyana kwa utoto ndi malaya:
- Groenendael - mkanjo wa agalu ndi wandiweyani, wapawiri, mawonekedwe ake ndi olimba komanso olimba, sayenera kukhala opusa, opindika kapena owala. Chovala chamkati chofunikira chimafunika. Mtunduwo umakhala wakuda, ngakhale nthawi zina umakhala ndi zipsera zoyera pachifuwa ndi kumapazi.
- Lakenois - malayawo ndi owoneka bwino komanso olimba, ofiira ofiira oyera. Laekenois ilibe chigoba chakuda ngati Malinois, koma muyezo umalola mthunzi wakuda pang'ono pamphuno ndi kumchira.
- Malinois - tsitsi lalifupi, lofiira ndi malasha, chigoba chakuda pamaso ndi chakuda m'makutu.
- Tervuren - wofiira ndi "makala amoto" ngati Malinois, koma tsitsi lalitali ngati Groenendael. Nthawi zina imakhala ndi zipsera zoyera pa zala ndi pachifuwa.
Apo ayi ndi agalu ofanana kwambiri. Pakufota, amuna amafika masentimita 60-66, akazi 56-62 ndipo amalemera 25-30 kg.
Khalidwe
Abusa aku Belgian amaphatikiza mphamvu ndi mphamvu za mitundu yogwira ntchito ndi luntha ndiubwenzi, kuwapanga kukhala anzawo abwino. Agalu oweta amakhala osangalala, okondwa komanso olimbikira, ndipo Agalu a Mbusa aku Belgian nawonso ndiomwe.
Amabadwira kuti akhale olimba, achangu komanso opunduka, amafunika kukhala ndi moyo wokangalika ndipo omwe akufuna kukhala nawo akuyenera kutsogolera zomwezo.
Sangakhale popanda ntchito kapena ntchito, samangopangidwira moyo wopuma komanso kugona pansi. Zilibe kanthu choti muchite: msipu, kusewera, kuphunzira, kuthamanga. Mbusa waku Belgian amafunika katundu wabwino, osachepera ola limodzi patsiku.
Khalidwe loweta agalu kuti aziwongolera nyama zina, amakwaniritsa ndi kutsina ndi miyendo. Adzatsina aliyense amene sanatuluke m'gulu la ziweto malinga ndi malingaliro awo. Zinthu zilizonse zosuntha zimakopa chidwi chawo, chifukwa zimatha kukhala m'gulu la ziweto.
Magalimoto, oyendetsa njinga, othamanga, agologolo ndi nyama zina zingasokoneze m'busa wanu.
Nyumba zanyumba zomwe zili ndi mayadi otakasuka ndizoyenera kwambiri kusunga agalu amenewa, komwe azikhala ndi mwayi wothamanga ndikusewera. Kusunga m'nyumba kapena malo ogulitsira ndege sikuvomerezeka kwa Abusa aku Belgian.
Abusa aku Belgian ndi anzeru kwambiri. Stanley Coren m'buku lake "Intelligence of dogs" amawaika pamalo a 15 ndipo ndi amtunduwu mwanzeru kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti Mbusa waku Belgian amaphunzira lamulo latsopano pambuyo pobwereza 5-15, ndikuchita 85% kapena kupitilira apo.
Koma ili lilinso vuto panthawi imodzimodzi, chifukwa kuthamanga kosavuta pambuyo pa mpira sikungamukhutiritse. Mtunduwu umafunikira zovuta, zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala olimba m'maganizo komanso mwakuthupi. Komabe, samasiya chidwi pantchito zobwerezabwereza.
Agaluwa sayenera kukhala a anthu omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali kuntchito kapena sangapeze nthawi yoti agone. Kukhala kwakanthawi kwa nthawi yayitali, yekha, azidzitanganitsa. Zotsatira zake ndi katundu wowonongeka.
Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake komanso nzeru zake, Mbusa waku Belgian akuyenera kuyamba maphunziro mwachangu momwe angathere. Agaluwa mwachilengedwe amayesa kusangalatsa anthu ndipo amasangalala kuphunzira malamulo atsopano.
Maphunziro oyambira koyambirira komanso kusakanikirana ndikofunikira pamitundu yonse, koma ndizofunikira kwambiri pankhaniyi. Maphunziro ayenera kukhala osavuta, osangalatsa, osangalatsa. Khalidwe lomwe mukufuna liyenera kulimbikitsidwa ndikutamanda, zabwino.
Njira zovuta ndizosafunikira ndipo zimabweretsa zotsatira zotsutsana. Kukhazikika komanso kusungulumwa kumakhudzanso maphunziro, chifukwa agaluwa amaloweza mwachangu ndikumvetsetsa zonse zomwe zikuuluka.
Sangokhala olimba mtima komanso anzeru, komanso ali ndi chifuniro champhamvu. Chifukwa choti atumikirako apolisi ndi gulu lankhondo kwanthawi yayitali, amamvetsetsa chilankhulo chamanja ndi mawonekedwe a nkhope, mwachangu amayendetsa momwe munthu akumvera.
Sizingavomerezedwe kwa obereketsa oyamba kumene. Sheepdog waku Belgian amayembekezera zosowa za eni ake ndipo atha kuyesayesa kumugonjera pokhala sitepe imodzi patsogolo nthawi zonse. Samakhululukira zolakwa kapena zofooka panthawi yophunzitsidwa.
Mtundu waluntha uwu umatha kuyembekezera anthu ndipo machitidwe osayenera akuyenera kukonzedwa mwachangu, molimba mtima komanso molimba mtima. Mwiniyo akuyenera kuwonetsa kulamulira kwapamwamba komanso luntha kuti akhalebe mgulu la alpha. Kwa obereketsa agalu a novice, izi zitha kukhala zovuta.
Abusa aku Belgian amadziona ngati gawo la banja, ali okhulupirika komanso okhulupirika, amasamalira kwambiri zawo. Amatha kukhala alonda abwino, osamalira nkhosa zawo mosatopa.
Mwachitsanzo, kennel wa agalu olondera aku America "Sc K9" amagwiritsa ntchito abusa aku Belgian okha, makamaka a Malinois, pantchito yake.
Komabe, samenya popanda chifukwa kapena chonamizira. Amakhala ochezeka ndi abale awo, ana komanso anzawo. Alendo samalandiridwa makamaka, koma akazolowera, amasangalala.
Munthu asanazolowere, samamukhulupirira ndipo amayang'anitsitsa. Abusa aku Belgian nthawi zambiri amakhala kutali ndipo amakayikira anthu atsopano, monganso okayikira phokoso ndi mayendedwe. Ndi ntchito yawo kuteteza ndi kusamalira gulu lawo.
Amagwirizana bwino ndi ana, kuwonjezera, amakhala bwino ndi agalu ena ndi nyama, makamaka ngati anakulira nawo. Koma kenako amadziwika ngati gawo la paketiyo, ndipo paketiyo iyenera kuyang'aniridwa. Ngati chinyama sichidziwika kwa iwo, ndiye chimayambitsa momwe zimamvekera ngati mlendo.
Wodziwa kusinthasintha agalu woweta yemwe amakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kwa m'busa wake adzaupeza wanzeru komanso womvera modabwitsa.
Amangofunika kupatsidwa kotuluka kwa mphamvu zopanda malire ndikuzilemba mwanzeru, pobwezera adzachita lamulo lililonse. Agaluwa ali ndi chikhalidwe cholimba ndipo amafuna kuti akhale ndi khalidwe lomweli kwa eni ake.
Chisamaliro
Pali malamulo ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mitundu yonse. Kudzikongoletsa pafupipafupi kumathandizira kuzindikira mavuto omwe akutuluka, chifukwa chake kuyang'anitsitsa makutu, maso, pakamwa, khungu kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika.
Koma posamalira tsitsi, mitundu iliyonse ili ndi zofunikira zake. Chovala chachitali, chakuda cha Groenendael ndi Tervuren chimafunika kutsukidwa kawiri kapena katatu pamlungu. Abusa aku Belgian molt chaka chonse, koma pang'ono.
Kukhetsa mwamphamvu mwa amuna Groenendael ndi Tervuren kumachitika kamodzi pachaka, ndipo akazi amakhetsa kawiri pachaka.
Pakadali pano, muyenera kuzisakaniza tsiku ndi tsiku. Ubweyawo sunakhudzidwe, kudula kokha kamene kamamera pakati pa zala. Kupanda kutero, amakhalabe mu mawonekedwe achilengedwe ndipo safuna kudzikongoletsa.
Koma a Malinois amafunikira kukonza kocheperako, chifukwa chovala chawo ndi chachifupi ndipo sichifunika kudula. Amakhetsa kawiri pachaka, koma chifukwa chovalacho ndi chachifupi, nthawi zambiri sikofunikira kuzipesa.
Laquenois ndi imodzi mwamitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri ya Galu wa Mbusa waku Belgian, komanso yosowa kwambiri. Chovala chawo chimakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo eni ake sayenera kudula, chifukwa zimatha zaka zambiri kuti chibwererenso momwe chidaliri.
Chovala chofewa cha Laenois chimafunikira kudula pafupipafupi kuti galu akhale woyenera.
Zaumoyo
Nthawi yayitali ya Agalu Abusa aku Belgian (mitundu yonse) ndi pafupifupi zaka 12 ndi miyezi isanu. Izi ndizambiri za galu wopanda ubweya wamtunduwu.
Kutalika kwambiri kwa zaka 18 ndi miyezi itatu. Zomwe zimayambitsa kufa ndi khansa (23%), sitiroko (13%) ndi ukalamba (13%).
