Mtengo waukulu wobiriwira wa Ayan spruce umakula kuthengo mpaka 60 m, koma nthawi zambiri umakhala waufupi kwambiri (mpaka 35 m) ukamakulitsidwa ndi anthu m'mapaki owoneka bwino. Dziko lakwawo ndi mapiri aku Japan yapakati, malire akumapiri a China ndi North Korea ndi Siberia. Mitengo imakula pafupifupi 40 cm pachaka. Kuwonjezeka kwa girth kumathamanga, nthawi zambiri masentimita 4 pachaka.
Spruce ya Ayansk ndi yolimba, yosagwira chisanu (malire osagwirizana ndi chisanu amachokera -40 mpaka -45 ° C). Masingano sagwa chaka chonse, amamasula kuyambira Meyi mpaka Juni, ma cones amapsa mu Seputembara-Okutobala. Mitunduyi ndi monoecious (mtundu wosiyana - wamwamuna kapena wamkazi, koma amuna ndi akazi amtundu umodzi amakula pa chomera chomwecho), chochokera mungu ndi mphepo.
Spruce ndioyenera kumera panthaka yopepuka (yamchenga), yapakatikati (loamy) ndi yolemera (dongo) ndikumera panthaka yopanda michere. PH yoyenera: dothi lokhala ndi ma acid osalowerera ndale, silimatha ngakhale panthaka yowaza kwambiri.
Spruce la Ayan silimera mumthunzi. Amakonda nthaka yonyowa. Chomeracho chimalekerera mphepo yamphamvu, koma osati nyanja. Amamwalira m'mlengalenga mukawonongeka.
Kufotokozera kwa ayan spruce
Kukula kwake kwa thunthu lomwe lili pachifuwa cha munthu kumakhala mpaka masentimita 100. Makungwawo ndi ofiira kwambiri, otumphuka kwambiri ndipo amatuluka masikelo. Nthambizo ndi zotumbululuka zachikasu zofiirira komanso zosalala. Mapepala a masamba ndi 0,5 mm kutalika. Singano zimakhala zachikopa, zowongoka, zosalala, zopendekera pamagawo onse awiri, kutalika kwa 15-25 mm, 1.5-2 mm mulifupi, ndikuwongola, ndi mikwingwirima yoyera yoyera kumtunda.
Mbeu zambewu ndizosakwatiwa, zotchingira, zofiirira, kutalika kwa 4-7 cm, 2 cm kudutsa. Masikelo a mbewu ndi ovate kapena oblong-ovate, okhala ndi chotchinga kapena chokhotakhota, chosanjikiza pang'ono kumapeto, 10 mm kutalika, 6-7 mm mulifupi. Mabulogu pansi pa sikelo ya ma cones ndi ochepa, otsekemera, ovuta, otetemera pang'ono kumapeto, 3 mm kutalika. Mbewu ndi zamphongo, zofiirira, 2-2.5 mm kutalika, 1.5 mm mulifupi; mapikowo ndi oblong-ovate, otumbululuka bulauni, 5-6 mm kutalika, 2-2.5 mm mulifupi.
Kufalitsa ndi zachilengedwe za ayan spruce
Pali magawo awiri a spruce wodabwitsa awa, omwe olemba ena amawona ngati mitundu, ndipo ena monga mitundu yosiyana:
Picea jezoensis jezoensis imafala kwambiri.
Picea jezoensis nkhondoensis ndiyosowa, ikukula mumadera akutali m'mapiri ataliatali pakati pa Honshu.
Picea jezoensis nkhondoensis
Spruce wa Ayan, wobadwira ku Japan, amakula m'nkhalango zazing'ono ku Southern Kuriles, Honshu ndi Hokkaido. Ku China, imakula m'chigawo cha Heilongjiang. Ku Russia, amapezeka ku Ussuriysk Territory, Sakhalin, Kuriles ndi Central Kamchatka, kumpoto chakum'mawa kuchokera pagombe la Nyanja ya Okhotsk kupita ku Magadan.
Spruce amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani
Ku Russia Far East komanso kumpoto kwa Japan, ayan spruce amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nkhuni ndi mapepala. Mitengo ndi yofewa, yopepuka, yolimba, yosinthika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa mkati, mipando, zomangamanga komanso kupanga chipboard. Mitengo yambiri nthawi zambiri imadulidwa mosavomerezeka kuchokera m'nkhalango zachilengedwe. Spruce la Ayan ndi mitundu yosawerengeka yophatikizidwa ndi Red Book.
Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala azikhalidwe komanso gastronomy
Zodyera: mtundu, mbewu, utomoni, khungwa lamkati.
Ma inflorescence achimuna achichepere amadyedwa yaiwisi kapena owiritsa. Ma cones achikazi omwe sanakhwime amakhala ophika, gawo lapakati ndi lokoma komanso lolimba mukakazinga. Makungwa amkati - owuma, opangidwa kukhala ufa kenako amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wonenepa mu supu kapena kuwonjezeredwa mu ufa popanga buledi. Malangizo a mphukira zazing'ono amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga tiyi wotsitsimutsa wokhala ndi vitamini C.
Utomoni wochokera pamtengo wa ayan spruce umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Tannin imachokera ku makungwa, mafuta ofunikira ochokera masamba.
