Gawo la dziko lapansi, lomwe, mwanjira ina, limatha kusintha chifukwa cha zochitika zaumunthu, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuwongolera kwa oyang'anira ake, amatchedwa chilengedwe cha chilengedwe. Zimadalira biosphere, hydro- ndi lithosphere, pokhala gawo lawo lamphamvu, lamphamvu, lazinthu zambiri komanso zosintha mosasintha.
Makulidwe a chilengedwe
Asayansi apeza malire apamwamba ndi apansi a gawo la geological, omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi zisonkhezero zakunja za magawo osiyanasiyana.
Malire apamwamba a chilengedwe cha geological amayamba pamlingo ndi masana, owoneka ndi maso, mpumulo wapadziko lapansi. Mlengalenga, hydro- ndi lithosphere imatsimikizira chiyambi chake, kukhala makina azinthu zambiri, osintha nthawi zonse osati chifukwa cha zochitika zachilengedwe, komanso chifukwa cha technogenesis - zochitika zachuma za anthu. Umisiri ndi zinthu zina zimasintha kwambiri malire akumtunda kwa chilengedwe. Pakumanga kwawo, matani amiyala, miyala ndi miyala yamitundu yonse nthawi zambiri amasunthidwa kuchoka kumalo kupita kwina.
M'munsi malire chilengedwe Geological ndi wosakhazikika, kufunika kwake anatsimikiza yekha ndi mphamvu munthu kudutsa mu kuya kwa dziko lapansi. Nthaka ndi gawo lokwera lamiyala ndiomwe amatenga nawo mbali pazochita za anthu, zomwe zimasinthasintha mosunthika chifukwa cha zomwe zakhala zikuchitika, kulumikiza, kulumikizana ndi migodi.
Zigawo zamkati mwachilengedwe
Chilengedwe cha chilengedwe monga chotenga nawo gawo pazachilengedwe sichingaganiziridwe kokha kuchokera pamawonekedwe a geological, motero mwamphamvu munthu watenga malo pazochita zake ngati chinthu chodziwitsa kukhalapo kwake. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonse zachilengedwe pakadali pano zikuwoneka motere:
- kumtunda kwa kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi, zotupa zachilengedwe ndi ma technogenic mmenemo;
- mawonekedwe apadziko lapansi ndi mawonekedwe ake, kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu;
- mobisa hydrosphere - pansi;
- Madera omwe ali ndi zovuta kumvetsetsa za sayansi, omwe amatchedwa "geopathogenic".
Kuchulukitsa migodi kwapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zapadziko lapansi. Zotsatira zake, zigawo zonse zili ndi malo akulu okhazikika m'gawo lawo, zomwe zidasintha kwambiri zachilengedwe: madzi adakhala osayenera kumwa ndi kuthirira mbewu.
