Pakukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu pachaka, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa pazinthu zosiyanasiyana kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zinyalala zambiri. Ndalama zopitilira muyeso zimaperekedwa chaka chilichonse pakumanga ndi kukonza mafakitale omwe akugwira ntchito yokonza zinthu zomwe sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Koma njirazi zimangothandiza kuthana ndi vutoli, kuchuluka kwa anthu padziko lapansi kumawonjezeka, chakudya chimadyedwa pamenepo ndipo, moyenera, kuchuluka kwa zinyalala kumawonjezeka. Kuchulukitsa kwa malo akuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse, kuchuluka kwa zinyalala panja kumawonjezera ngozi za miliri ndipo kumawononga chilengedwe komanso thanzi.
Mitundu ya zinyalala za chakudya
Zinyalala zakudya zitha kugawidwa m'magulu akulu:
- Zinyalala zomwe zimachitika popanga chakudya zimachitika posanja kwa zinthu zopangira, chomwe chimachotsedwa ndi ukwati. Zida zopanda pake zimawoneka pantchito iliyonse. Zofunikira paukhondo zimakakamiza kutaya zinthu zopanda pake kudzera m'makampani apadera omwe amathana ndikuchotsa zolakwika;
- zinyalala zomwe zimachokera kumakandulo, malo omwera, malo odyera. Zinyalala izi zimapangidwa pophika, kutsuka masamba, komanso chakudya chomwe chataya ogula;
- chakudya chotha ntchito kapena chosakhala bwino ndi mtundu wina wa mapulogalamu;
- chakudya chosalongosoka chomwe chayamba kuchepa chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa phukusi kapena chidebe;
Zakudya zazikuluzikulu zitha kukhala zazomera ndi nyama. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane.
Mankhwala azitsamba akuphatikizapo:
- dzinthu, nyemba, mtedza;
- zipatso ndi zipatso;
- masamba.
Zanyama zimapangidwa ndi:
- nyama ya nyama, mbalame;
- mazira;
- nsomba;
- nkhono;
- tizilombo.
Ndipo gulu lazinthu zambiri zomwe zimaphatikizapo zakudya za nyama ndi zomera: gelatin, uchi, mchere, zowonjezera zowonjezera. Tsiku lomaliza litatha, mankhwalawa amayenera kutayidwa.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe akuthupi, zinyalala ndi:
- olimba;
- ofewa;
- madzi.
Kuthetsa zinyalala za chakudya kuyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi miyezo ya ukhondo ndi matenda kuti tipewe kupezeka kwa miliri.
Kalasi yowopsa patebulo
Zizindikiro zomwe zimathandizira kukhazikitsa zinyalala zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa zidakhazikitsidwa ndi Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources ya Russian Federation No. 511 ya 15.06.01. Lamuloli likuti chinthu ndi chowopsa ngati chingayambitse matenda amtundu uliwonse. Zonyansa zotere zimayendetsedwa m'makina ena otsekedwa.
Zinyalala zimakhala ndi zovuta zawo:
- Kalasi ya 1, chiwopsezo chachikulu kwambiri kwa anthu ndi chilengedwe;
- Kalasi yachiwiri, mulingo wowopsa, nthawi yobwezeretsa kutulutsa zinyalala zotere m'deralo ndi zaka 30;
- Gulu la 3, zinyalala zowopsa pang'ono, zitatulutsidwa, chilengedwechi chidzachira kwa zaka 10;
- Kalasi ya 4, imayambitsa kuwonongeka pang'ono kuzachilengedwe, nthawi yochira ndi zaka 3;
- Zinyalala za 5-class, zosakhala zowopsa sizimawononga chilengedwe.
Zinyalala zakudya zimaphatikizapo gulu lowopsa 4 ndi 5.
Kalasi yowopsa imakhazikitsidwa pamaziko amomwe zimakhudzira chilengedwe kapena thupi la munthu, nthawi yobwezeretsa chilengedwe imaganiziridwanso.
Malamulo a kutaya
Malamulo akulu othetsa zinyalala ndi awa:
- panthawi yotumiza kunja, malamulo oyendetsera ziweto ndi ukhondo akuyenera kuwunikidwa;
- zoyendera, akasinja apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe ali ndi chivindikiro nawo;
- Zotengera za zinyalala siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina; zimatsukidwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi mankhwala;
- Ndizoletsedwa kusamutsa zakudya zowonongedwa kwa anthu achiwiri kuti azigwiritse ntchito;
- zinyalala zitha kusungidwa osaposa maola 10 mchilimwe, komanso pafupifupi maola 30 m'nyengo yozizira;
- cholembera chitha kulowetsedwa mu chipika kuti zinyalalazo zidapatsidwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndipo ndizoletsedwa kuzigwiritsa ntchito kudyetsa ziweto;
- kutsatira malamulo okhudza kutaya zinyalala kumalembedwa mu chipika chapadera.
Malamulo owona za ziweto ndi ukhondo ayenera kutsatiridwa ndi mabungwe onse omwe amapanga zinyalala.
Yobwezeretsanso
Ndi gulu lowopsa 4 kapena 5, kutaya kumachitika m'malo apadera, nthawi zambiri m'mafakitale akulu ogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale amapezeka. Zinyalala za chakudya zitha kukonzedwa mpaka kumadzimadzi ndi kutulutsidwa kuchimbudzi. Pazinthu zamabizinesi, ma algorithm a kutaya zinyalala amalembedwa.
Kuchotsa zinyalala kubizinesi kumachepetsa kwambiri mtengo wonyamula zinyalala, komanso kumachepetsa mtengo pochepetsa malo osungira mapulogalamu.
