Chikhalidwe cha North America ndichuma kwambiri komanso chosiyanasiyana. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti kontinentiyi ili pafupifupi m'malo onse anyengo (chokhacho ndi equator).
Mitundu ya nkhalango zachigawo
North America ili ndi 17% ya nkhalango yapadziko lonse yokhala ndi mitundu yoposa 900 yazomera kuchokera pamitundu 260 yosiyanasiyana.
Kum'maŵa kwa United States, mitundu yofala kwambiri ndi thundu (mtengo wa banja la mtedza). Amati pamene atsamunda oyambilira aku Europe adapita kumadzulo, adapeza mapanga a thundu olimba kwambiri kotero kuti amatha kuyenda pansi pa ziphuphu zamatabwa kwamasiku ambiri, osawona thambo. Nkhalango zazikulu zamadambo zimayambira pagombe la Virginia kumwera mpaka ku Florida ndi Texas kupitirira Gulf of Mexico.
Mbali yakumadzulo ili ndi nkhalango zosowa zambiri, pomwe zimapezekanso zomera zazikulu. Malo otsetsereka a mapiri ali ndi nkhalango zowirira ndi mitengo ya palo verde, yuccas ndi zina zopezeka ku North America. Mtundu waukulu kwambiri, komabe, ndi wosakanikirana komanso wophatikizika, wopangidwa ndi spruce, mahogany ndi fir. Douglas fir ndi Panderos pine amaima motsatira kutengera kufalikira.
30% ya nkhalango zonse zokhwima padziko lapansi zili ku Canada ndipo imakhudza 60% ya madera ake. Pano mungapeze spruce, larch, yoyera komanso yofiira paini.
Zomera zoyenera kuzisamalira
Mapulo Ofiira kapena (Acer rubrum)
Mapulo ofiira ndi mtengo wambiri ku North America ndipo umakhala nyengo zosiyanasiyana, makamaka kum'mawa kwa United States.
Pine zonunkhira kapena Pinus taeda - mtundu wofala kwambiri wa pine kum'mawa kwa kontrakitala.
Mtengo wa Ambergris (Liquidambar styraciflua)
Ndi imodzi mwazomera zankhanza kwambiri ndipo imakula mwachangu m'malo omwe asiyidwa. Monga mapulo ofiira, imera bwino m'malo onse, kuphatikiza madambo, mapiri ouma, ndi mapiri. Nthawi zina amabzalidwa ngati chomera chokongoletsera chifukwa cha zipatso zake zokongola.
Douglas fir kapena (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
Spruce yayitali iyi yaku North America kumadzulo ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa mahogany. Imatha kumera m'malo onse onyowa komanso owuma ndikuphimba malo otsetsereka agombe ndi mapiri kuchokera 0 mpaka 3500 m.
Poplar aspen kapena (Populus tremuloides)
Ngakhale kuti poplar ya aspen siyoposa mapulo ofiira, Populus tremuloides ndiye mtengo wambiri ku North America, womwe umakhudza gawo lonse lakumpoto kwa kontrakitala. Amatchedwanso "mwala wapangodya" chifukwa chofunikira pazachilengedwe.
Mapulo a shuga (Acer saccharum)
Acer saccharum amatchedwa "nyenyezi" waku North American Autumn Hardwood Show. Mawonekedwe ake a masamba ndi chizindikiro cha Dominion waku Canada, ndipo mtengowu ndiye chimake cha msika wakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa mapulo.
Mafuta a basamu (Abies balsamea)
Mafuta a basamu ndi mtengo wobiriwira ku banja la paini. Ndi umodzi mwamitundu yofala kwambiri m'nkhalango za Canada.
Maluwa a dogwood (Cornus florida)
Kufalikira dogwood ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zomwe mudzawona m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zokhazokha kum'mawa kwa North America. Ndi umodzi mwamitengo yofala kwambiri m'mizinda.
Pini wopota (Pinus contorta)
Pini yotakata-coniferous yopindika ndi mtengo kapena shrub ya banja la paini. Kumtchire, amapezeka kumadzulo kwa North America. Chomerachi nthawi zambiri chimapezeka m'mapiri mpaka 3300 m kutalika.
Oak woyera (Quercus alba)
Quercus alba imatha kumera panthaka yachonde komanso m'malo otsetsereka ochepa a mapiri. Mtengo waukulu umapezeka m'nkhalango za m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'nkhalango m'chigawo chakumadzulo chakumadzulo.
Mitengo yayikulu yomwe imakhala m'nkhalango zotentha ndi: beeches, mitengo ya ndege, mitengo ikuluikulu, aspens ndi mitengo ya mtedza. Mitengo ya Lindeni, ma chestnuts, ma birches, ma elms ndi mitengo ya tulip imayimiridwanso kwambiri.
Mosiyana ndi kumpoto komanso kotentha, kotentha ndi kotentha kumakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Zomera zamitengo yamvula
Nkhalango zamvula zapadziko lonse lapansi zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yazomera. Pali mitundu yopitilira 40,000 m'malo otentha a Amazon mokha! Nyengo yotentha, yamvula kwambiri imapereka malo abwino okhala. Takusankhirani anzanu zomera zosangalatsa komanso zosazolowereka kwa anzanu.
Epiphyte
Epiphytes ndi zomera zomwe zimakhala pazomera zina. Alibe mizu panthaka ndipo apanga njira zosiyanasiyana zopezera madzi ndi michere. Nthawi zina mtengo umodzi umatha kukhala kunyumba yamitundu yambiri ya ma epiphyte, pamodzi wolemera matani angapo. Epiphytes amakula ngakhale pa ma epiphyte ena!
Zomera zambiri zomwe zili pandandanda wa nkhalango yamvula ndi ma epiphyte.
Ma epiphyte a Bromeliad
Ma epiphyte ofala kwambiri ndi bromeliads. Bromeliads ndi maluwa ndi masamba ataliatali mu rosette. Amadziphatika kumtengowo pomangira mizu yawo kuzungulira nthambi. Masamba awo amapita ndi madzi m'chigawo chapakati cha chomeracho, ndikupanga dziwe. Dziwe la bromilium ndilokhanso malo okhalamo. Madzi sagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomera zokha, komanso nyama zambiri m'nkhalango yamvula. Mbalame ndi nyama zimamwa. Ankhadzi amakulira kumeneko ndipo tizilombo timaikira mazira
Maluwa
Pali mitundu yambiri ya orchid yomwe imapezeka m'nkhalango zamvula. Ena mwa iwo ndi ma epiphyte. Ena ali ndi mizu yosinthika yomwe imawalola kuti atenge madzi ndi michere mlengalenga. Zina zimakhala ndi mizu yomwe imayenda mozungulira nthambi ya mtengo womwe umakhala, ndikutenga madzi osamira pansi.
Mtengo wa Acai (Euterpe oleracea)
Acai amaonedwa kuti ndi mtengo wambiri kwambiri m'nkhalango ya Amazon. Ngakhale izi, zimangokhala 1% (5 biliyoni) yokha pamitengo 390 biliyoni m'derali. Zipatso zake zimadya.
Mgwalangwa wa Carnauba (Copernicia prunifera)
Mgwalangwawu umadziwikanso kuti "mtengo wamoyo" chifukwa umagwira ntchito zambiri. Zipatso zake zimadyedwa ndipo nkhuni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga. Amadziwika kwambiri ngati gwero la "sera ya carnauba", yomwe imachokera m'masamba amtengowo.
Sera ya Carnauba imagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira ma lacquers, milomo, milomo, sopo, ndi zinthu zina zambiri. Amadzipaka pamabotolo oyendetsa mafunde kuti akwaniritse glide!
Rattan kanjedza
Pali mitundu yopitilira 600 yamitengo ya rattan. Amakula m'nkhalango zam'madzi zaku Africa, Asia ndi Australia. Ma Rotan ndi mipesa yomwe singamere yokha. M'malo mwake, amapota mozungulira mitengo ina. Minga yolimba pamitengo imawalola kukwera mitengo ina kulowa padzuwa. Ma Rotan amasonkhanitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipando.
Mtengo wa mphira (Hevea brasiliensis)
Mtengo wa labala, womwe unapezeka koyamba kumadera otentha a Amazon, tsopano wakula kumadera otentha a ku Asia ndi ku Africa. Utsi womwe makungwa amtengo amatulutsa umakololedwa kuti apange mphira, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri, kuphatikiza matayala agalimoto, maipi, malamba, ndi zovala.
Pali mitengo yopitilira 1.9 miliyoni m'nkhalango yamvula ya Amazon.
Bouginda
Bougainvillea ndi chomera chobiriwira chobiriwira nthawi zonse. Bougainvilleas amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha masamba awo okongola ngati maluwa omwe amakula mozungulira maluwa enieni. Zitsamba zaminga izi zimakula ngati mipesa.
Sequoia (mtengo waukulu)
Sitinathe kudutsa pamtengo waukulu kwambiri :) Amatha kutengera kukula kwakukulu. Mtengo uwu uli ndi thunthu lokulirapo osachepera 11 mita, kutalika kwake kumangodabwitsa malingaliro a aliyense - mita 83. "Sequoia" "amakhala" ku US National Park ndipo ali ndi dzina lake losangalatsa kwambiri "General Sherman". Amadziwika: chomerachi chafika zaka "zazikulu" lero - zaka 2200. Komabe, uyu si "wachikulire" membala wabanjali. Komabe, awa siwo malire. Palinso "wachibale" wachikulire - dzina lake ndi "Mulungu Wamuyaya", zaka zake ndi zaka 12,000. Mitengoyi ndi yolemetsa modabwitsa, yolemera matani 2500.
Mitundu ya zomera zomwe zili pangozi ku North America
Conifers
Cupressus abramsiana (cypress yaku California)
Mitundu yosawerengeka yamitengo yaku North America m'banja la cypress. Zimapezeka kumapiri a Santa Cruz ndi San Mateo kumadzulo kwa California.
Fitzroya (Patagonian cypress)
Ndi mtundu wa monotypic m'banja la cypress. Ndi ephedra yayitali, yokhala ndi moyo wautali wokhala m'nkhalango zotentha.
Torreya taxifolia (Torreya yew-leaved)
Wodziwika kuti Florida nutmeg, ndi mtengo wosowa komanso wowopsa wa banja la yew lomwe limapezeka kumwera chakum'mawa kwa United States, m'malire a boma kumpoto kwa Florida ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Georgia.
Zitsulo
Adiantum vivesii
Mitundu yosawerengeka ya Maidenach fern, yomwe imadziwika kuti Puerto Rico Maidenah.
Ctenitis squamigera
Imadziwika kuti lacefern ya Pacific kapena Pauoa, ndi fern yemwe ali pangozi yomwe imapezeka kuzilumba za Hawaii zokha. Mu 2003, panali zosachepera 183 zotsalira, zidagawika pakati pa anthu 23. Anthu angapo amakhala ndi chomera chimodzi kapena zinayi zokha.
Diplazium molokaiense
Fern wosowa yemwe amadziwika kuti Molokai twinsorus fern. Zakale, zimapezeka kuzilumba za Kauai, Oahu, Lanai, Molokai ndi Maui, koma lero zimangopezeka ku Maui, komwe kuli zotsalira zosakwana 70. Fern adalembetsa pamalamulo ngati nyama zomwe zili pangozi ku United States mu 1994.
Njoka za Elaphoglossum
Fern wosowa yemwe amakula kokha pa Cerro de Punta, phiri lalitali kwambiri ku Puerto Rico. Fern amakula pamalo amodzi, pomwe pali mitundu 22 yodziwika ndi sayansi. Mu 1993, adatchulidwa ngati Chitsamba Chowopsa ku United States.
Isoetes melanospora
Amadziwika kuti tchire wakuda wam'mero wakuda kapena zitsamba zakuda za Merlin, ndi pteridophyte yam'madzi yosawerengeka komanso yowopsa yomwe imapezeka kudera la Jordia ndi South Carolina. Amalimidwa mokhazikika m'mayiwe osaya akanthawi kochepa pama granite okhala ndi nthaka ya 2 cm. Zimadziwika kuti pali anthu 11 ku Georgia, pomwe m'modzi yekha ndi amene adalembedwa ku South Carolina, ngakhale akuti akuwonongedwa.
Ndere
Cladonia perforata
Mitundu yoyamba yanthabwala yolembetsedwa m'maboma monga yomwe ili pachiwopsezo ku United States mu 1993.
Gymnoderma mzere
Zimapezeka mumafumbi kapena mumitsinje yakuya. Chifukwa chazofunikira pakukhala kwawo ndikutolera kwakukulu pazinthu zasayansi, zidaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazamoyo zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha kuyambira Januware 18, 1995.
Maluwa
Abronia macrocarpa
Abronia macrocarpa ndi chomera chosowa maluwa chomwe chimadziwika kuti "chipatso chachikulu" cha mchenga verbena. Dziko lakwawo ndi kum'mawa kwa Texas. Amakhala m'miuluwe ya mchenga yolimba, yotseguka yomwe imamera m'nthaka yakuya. Choyamba chidasonkhanitsidwa mu 1968 ndipo chidafotokozedwa ngati mtundu watsopano mu 1972.
Aeschynomene virginica
Chomera chosowa maluwa omwe ali m'banja la legume omwe amadziwika kuti Virginia jointvetch. Zimapezeka m'malo ochepa pagombe lakum'mawa kwa United States. Zonsezi, pali zomera pafupifupi 7,500. Kusintha kwanyengo kwachepetsa malo omwe chomera chimatha kukhala;
Euphorbia herbstii
Chomera chotulutsa maluwa cha banja la Euphor, chomwe chimadziwika kuti Herbst's sandmat. Monga ma Euphors ena a ku Hawaii, chomerachi chimadziwika kwanuko kuti 'akoko.
Eugenia Woodburyana
Ndi chomera chamtundu wam'mimba. Ndi mtengo wobiriwira womwe umakula mpaka 6 mita kutalika. Ili ndi masamba owulungika obiriwira mpaka 2 cm kutalika ndi 1.5 cm mulifupi, omwe amakhala moyang'anizana. Inflorescence ndi tsango la maluwa oyera oyera asanu. Chipatso chake ndi mabulosi ofiira a mapiko asanu ndi atatu mpaka mainchesi a 2 kutalika.
Mndandanda wathunthu wazomera zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha ku North America ndizambiri. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti zomera zambiri zikufa chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimawononga malo awo.
