Baikal ndi amodzi mwa nyanja zokongola komanso zochititsa chidwi. M'madzi a zowoneka za Russia mumakhala mitundu yambiri ya nsomba. Izi zidayamba kalekale, pomwe nyanjayi idalowa m'nyanjayi. Mpaka pano, zatsimikiziridwa kuti mitundu 54 ya nsomba imakhala m'madzi a Nyanja ya Baikal.
Magulu a nsomba
Ichthyologists agawaniza mitundu yonse ya nsomba m'magulu atatu akulu:
- Siberia - imaphatikizapo zinyama zomwe zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi zilonda za m'nyanja. Dzina lina la gululi ndi sorovaya. Izi zikuphatikizapo oimira carp, nsomba ndi pike. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti izi zimaphatikizaponso mitundu yodziwika bwino yazinyama, monga carp, catfish ndi bream.
- Siberia-Baikal - amakhala ndi banja la imvi, nkhono ndi whitefish. Nyongolotsi zimakhala kumadera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komanso m'dera la pelagic la Baikal lotseguka.
- Baikal - gulu ili limaphatikizapo pafupifupi 50% yamitundu yonse ya nsomba. Vertebrate amayang'ana kwambiri pansi ndi mizere yamadzi. Zovutazi zikuphatikizapo oimira miyendo.
Baikal amadziwika kuti ndi malo abwino kusodza. Chifukwa cha nsomba zazikuluzikulu, msodzi aliyense amakhutira ndi nsomba zake.
Nsomba za m'dera la Baikal
Pali nsomba zamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndipo amafuna asodzi. Izi zikuphatikiza:
Nsomba
Nsomba - kukula kwakukulu kwa nyama zakufa ndi masentimita 25, zonse - 200 g.Nthawi yotentha, 30% yamtundu uwu wa nsomba imakhazikika m'nyanjayi, nthawi yachisanu yozizira imasamukira m'mitsinje.
Kulimbana
Yelets - nthumwi ya dziko madzi mu nyanja chaka chonse, amakonda kusambira pafupi ndi nyanja ya Baikal.
Carp
Crucian carp - imvi ya crucian carp imakhala makamaka mnyanjayi, kutalika kwake kumatha kufikira 30 cm, kulemera - 300 g.
Pike
Pike - nsomba zimatha kukula mpaka 50 cm ndikulemera pafupifupi 10 kg kapena kupitilira apo. Chilombocho sichisambira patali, chifukwa chimakonda madzi ofunda am'mbali.
Roach
Roach - kutalika kwa nsomba sikumangodutsa masentimita 18. Mitsuko imakonda pansi pamatope ndi zomera zambiri, chifukwa chake imapezeka m'madzi osaya.
Shirokolobka
Gobies (shirokolobki) - amadziwika kuti ndi woderali, wokhazikika pansi pa nyanja.
Nsomba za Trophy
Tiperekanso mndandanda wa mitundu ya "trophy" ya nsomba zokhala m'madzi a Nyanja ya Baikal:
Omul
Omul ndi mbadwa ya Arctic omul. Imafika pakulemera kwa 2 kg. Omul yaying'ono-, yapakatikati komanso yanyumba zingapo amadziwika.
Kumvi
Grayling - oimira black and white grayling amakhala mnyanjayi.
Achinyamata
Taimen ndi nsomba yamtundu wa salimoni ndipo adalembedwa mu Red Book. Nsomba za mano zimatha kukula mpaka 30 kg ndikukhala pafupifupi mita 1.4.
Nsomba zoyera
Whitefish - nthumwi ya nyama zam'thupi zam'nyanja zimakhala mchinyanja chaka chonse, zitha kukhala mitundu ya lacustrine-river.
Sturgeon
Sturgeon ndi nsomba yosawerengeka, yoyimira nsomba zamatenda, ndipo yatchulidwa mu Red Book.
Davatchan
Davatchan - wa banja la salimoni, adalembedwanso mu Red Book.
Burbot
Burbot ndi nsomba yapadera yomwe imakhala ndi ntchentche yokhala ndi maantibayotiki achilengedwe.
Nsomba zosagulitsa
Mu Nyanja ya Baikal, mutha kupezanso mitundu ya nsomba zomwe sizimachita malonda:
Golomyanka
Golomyanka ndi mtundu wapadera wamtundu wambiri, womwe umadziwika ndi kubadwa kwa mwachangu. Nyanjayi mumakhala golomyanka yaying'ono komanso yayikulu. Kutalika kwake kwa nsombazi ndi 30 cm.
Longwing - kulemera kwa nsombayo ndi pafupifupi 100 g, kutalika ndi masentimita 20. Yemwe akuyimira dziko lapansi lamadzi ndi am'mapiri am'nyanjamo.
Yellowfly
Yellowfly ndi nsomba yaying'ono, kutalika kwake kumangofika masentimita 17 okha, kulemera kwake - 16 g. Woyimira wochititsa chidwi wazinyama zokhala ndi zipsepse zachikaso.
Anthu okhala m'nyanja yam'madzi ya Nyanja ya Baikal nawonso ndi lenok, ide, bream, gudgeon, Amur catfish, nsomba zothinidwa ku Siberia, ogona a Amur ndi mitundu ingapo yamagetsi (mapiko ataliatali, miyala, mchenga, yoyera, yaying'ono, Elokhinskaya, wamwano, wopanda maliseche, wamutu wa zipolopolo, wamutu wathyathyathya, wamwano ndi ena).
Lenok
Malingaliro
Bream
Gudgeon
Katemera wa Amur
Chipika cha Rotan
