Starlings amakula mpaka 22 cm m'litali ndipo amalemera pakati pa 50 ndi 100 magalamu. Amuna ndi akazi amakhala ndi nthenga zobiriwira, mapiko akuda okhala ndi utoto wobiriwira komanso wofiirira. M'nyengo yozizira, motsutsana ndi mdima, makamaka pachifuwa, mawanga oyera kapena zonona. Mawonekedwe a nthenga zimazunguliridwa m'munsi ndikuwunjikira kumapeto kwake. Amuna amakhala ndi nthenga zazikulu pachifuwa. Zazimayi zimakhala ndi nthenga zazifupi komanso zozungulira.
Mapazi ndi ofiira ofiira, maso ndi akuda. M'nyengo yokwatirana, milomo imakhala yachikaso, nthawi ina yonse imakhala yakuda. Amuna amakhala ndi malo obiriwira kumapeto kwa milomo yawo, pomwe akazi amakhala ndi mawanga ofiira ofiira. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala zofiirira mpaka zimera nthenga zonse ndikukhala ndi milomo yakuda bii.
Kodi nyenyezi zimakhala kuti
Mbalame zimapezeka m'malo onse azachilengedwe padziko lapansi kupatula Antarctica. Makamaka nyenyezi zomwe zimakhala ndi nyenyezi zimakhala ku Europe, Asia ndi North Africa. Zachilengedwe kuyambira Central Siberia kum'mawa mpaka Azores kumadzulo, kuyambira Norway kumpoto mpaka Nyanja ya Mediterranean kumwera.
Starling ndi mbalame yosamuka... Anthu akumpoto ndi kum'maŵa amasamukira m'nyengo yachisanu kumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa Europe, Africa kumpoto kwa Sahara, Egypt, kumpoto kwa Arabia, kumpoto kwa Iran, ndi zigwa za kumpoto kwa India.
Kodi nyenyezi zimafunikira malo okhala
Izi ndi mbalame zotsika. Pakati pa nyengo yobereketsa, ana a nyenyezi amafunika malo okhala ndi zisa ndi minda yodyetsera. Kwa chaka chotsala, ana a nyenyezi amagwiritsa ntchito malo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira ku moorland mpaka madambo amchere.
Mbalame zam'mlengalenga zimagwiritsira ntchito mabokosi okonzera zisa ndi mabowo amitengo pazisa, komanso mipanda ya nyumba. Zimakhala zaukali kwambiri kuposa mbalame zina ndipo zimapha anzawo kuti zipeze malo okhala chisa.
Mbalame zotchedwa Starlings zimadya m'malo otseguka monga udzu ndi msipu. Popeza nthawi zambiri amadyetsa ndi kuyenda m'mapaketi panja, mamembala onse a gululi amaonetsetsa kuti chilombocho sichiukira ndikuwopseza.
Momwe nyenyezi zimaswanirana
Mbalamezi zimamanga zisa zawo kuchokera kuudzu, timitengo ndi moss ndikuziyala ndi masamba atsopano. Masamba amasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndipo amakhala ngati maantibayotiki kapena othandizira antifungal.
Nthawi yoswana imayamba masika ndipo imatha koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Kutalika kwake kumasiyanasiyana chaka ndi chaka. Mbozi zonse za mbalamezi zimaikira mazira 4 mpaka 7 wonyezimira wabuluu kapena wobiriwira wobiriwira mkati mwa sabata.
Makolo onsewo amasinthana mpaka anapiyewo ataswa. Akazi amakhala nthawi yayitali pachisa kuposa amuna. Anapiye amaswa patatha masiku 12-15 atakhazikika.
Kodi kubereka kumachitika kangati
Mbalame zamitundumitundu zimatha kugwirana mobwerezabwereza nthawi imodzi yokha, makamaka ngati mazira kapena anapiye osakhalitsa sanapulumuke. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumadera akumwera nthawi zambiri zimatha kuyika zowerengeka zingapo, mwina chifukwa nthawi yoberekera ndiyotalikirapo.
Anapiye otetemera alibe chochita pobereka. Poyamba, makolo amawadyetsa chakudya chanyama chofewa, koma akamakula, amakulitsa mbeu. Makolo onse amadyetsa anawo ndikuchotsa matumba awo. Achinyamata amasiya chisa m'masiku 21-23, koma makolo amawadyetsabe masiku angapo pambuyo pake. Mbalamezi zikangodziyimira pawokha, zimapanga gulu limodzi ndi mbalame zina zazing'ono.
Khalidwe lotsogola
Starlings ndi mbalame zocheza zomwe zimalumikizana ndi abale awo nthawi zonse. Mbalame zimaswana m'magulu, zimadyetsa komanso kusamuka m'magulu. Mbalame zam'mlengalenga zimalolera kukhalapo kwa anthu ndipo zimayenda bwino m'mizinda.
Momwe nyenyezi zimalumikizirana
Mbalamezi zimamveka mokweza chaka chonse, kupatula zitasungunuka. Nyimbo zachimuna ndizamadzi ndipo zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri. Ali:
- zimatulutsa ma trill;
- dinani;
- mluzu;
- chilakolako;
- lira;
- gurgle.
Starlings amakopanso nyimbo ndi mamvekedwe a mbalame ndi nyama zina (achule, mbuzi, amphaka) kapena ngakhale kumveka kwamakina. Skvortsov amaphunzitsidwa kutengera liwu la munthu ali mu ukapolo. Pakubwera ndege, mbalameyi imalira ngati “kveer”, “kachipangizo” kachitsulo kamachenjeza za kukhalapo kwa nyama yolusa, ndipo mkokomo umatuluka poukira gululo.
Kanema momwe nyenyezi yoyimba imayimbira
Amadya chiyani
Mbalame zam'mimba zimadya mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera ndi nyama nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Mbalame zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimadya nyama monga zofewa zopanda mafupa. Akuluakulu amakonda chakudya chodzala, amachipeza poyang'ana pansi m'malo otseguka okhala ndi zomera zazifupi kapena zochepa. Ntchentche nthawi zina zimatsata makina aulimi akamakweza nthaka. Amadyetseranso m'malo obwezeretsa zinyalala, malo opangira zimbudzi, zitini zonyamula zinyama, minda ndi malo odyetserako ziweto. Amakhamukira kumitengo kumene kuli zipatso zakupsa kapena mbozi zambiri.
Chakudya cha Starlings chimakhala ndi:
- mbewu;
- tizilombo;
- tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono;
- zosawerengeka;
- zomera;
- zipatso.
Starlings amadya pa:
- zokonda;
- akangaude;
- njenjete;
- ziphuphu.
Kuchokera ku zakudya zamasamba amakonda:
- zipatso;
- mbewu;
- maapulo;
- mapeyala;
- maula;
- yamatcheri.
Mawonekedwe a chigaza ndi minofu amalola ana anyani kuti alowe pansi ndi milomo yawo kapena nyundo mu chakudya chotafuna ndi mabowo otseguka. Mbalame zimawona bwino, zimawona zomwe akuchita, ndipo zimasiyanitsa mitundu ya chakudya.
Adani achilengedwe a nyenyezi
Mbalamezi zimasonkhana m'magulu akuluakulu kupatula panthawi ya kuswana. Makhalidwe onyamula amateteza, amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mbalame zomwe zimawonerera kufikira kwa mlenjeyo.
Starling imasakidwa ndi:
- makoko;
- amphaka oweta.
Kodi nyenyezi zimachita nawo chiyani zachilengedwe
Kuchuluka kwa mbalamezo kumachititsa nyama zofunika kuzilombo zochepa. Starlings amaberekana mwachangu, amakhala m'malo atsopano, chaka chilichonse amabala ana ambiri, amadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana komanso m'malo osiyanasiyana. Zimakhudza kwambiri mbewu ndi zipatso ndi tizilombo. M'madera momwe ana amtundu wa mbalame sizinyama zachilengedwe, amathamangira mbalame zina ngati apikisana nawo posaka malo okhala ndi chakudya.
Momwe nyenyezi zimayanjanirana ndi anthu
Mbalame zam'madzi ndizabwino ku chilengedwe chifukwa zimadya tizirombo. Mbalame zotsekemera zimachepetsa tizilombo tomwe timawononga mbewu. Starlings amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuphikira mbale m'maiko a Mediterranean.
