Lamba wam'malo otentha amaphatikiza kufanana kwakukulu kumadera akumpoto ndi kumwera. M'chilimwe, mpweya umatha kutenthedwa mpaka + 30 kapena +50, m'nyengo yozizira kutentha kumachepa.
M'chilimwe, kutentha kwakukulu masana kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kuzizira kwamadzulo madzulo. Zoposa theka la mvula yamvula yamwaka imagwa m'nyengo yozizira.
Mitundu ya nyengo
Kutalika kwa maderawa kunyanja kumatha kusiyanitsa mitundu ingapo m'malo otentha:
- kontrakitala. Amadziwika ndi nyengo yotentha komanso youma m'chigawo chapakati cha makontinenti. Nyengo yowoneka bwino imakhala yofala, koma mkuntho wamfumbi ndi mphepo yamkuntho ndizotheka. Mayiko angapo oterewa akuyenererana ndi nyengo iyi: South America, Australia, Africa;
- nyengo yam'nyanja ndiyofatsa ndimvula yambiri. M'nyengo yotentha, nyengo imakhala yotentha komanso yowoneka bwino, ndipo nyengo yozizira ndiyofatsa momwe zingathere.
M'nyengo yachilimwe, mpweya umatha kutentha mpaka + 25, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, umatha kuziziritsa mpaka + 15, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti moyo wa munthu ukhale wabwino.
Mayiko akumalo otentha
- Australia ndiye chigawo chapakati.
- North America: Mexico, madera akumadzulo kwa Cuba
- South America: Bolivia, Peru, Paraguay, kumpoto kwa Chile, Brazil.
- Africa: kuchokera kumpoto - Algeria, Mauritania, Libya, Egypt, Chad, Mali, Sudan, Niger. Lamba lakumwera kotentha ku Africa limakhudza Angola, Namibia, Botswana ndi Zambia.
- Asia: Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Oman, India.
Mapu Otentha a Belt
Dinani kuti mukulitse
Malo achilengedwe
Madera ofunikira kwambiri nyengo iyi ndi awa:
- nkhalango;
- chipululu;
- chipululu.
Nkhalango zamadzi zili pagombe lakum'mawa kuchokera ku Madagascar kupita ku Oceania. Zomera ndi zinyama ndizolemera mosiyanasiyana. Ndi m'nkhalango zotere momwe zoposa 2/3 zamitundu yonse yazinyama ndi zamoyo zapadziko lapansi zimakhala.
Nkhalangoyi imasandulika kukhala nkhalango, zomwe zimakhala zazitali kwambiri, pomwe zimamera pang'ono ngati udzu ndi udzu. Mitengo m'dera lino siofala ndipo imakhala ya mitundu yolimbana ndi chilala.
Nkhalango za nyengo zina zimafalikira kufupi ndi kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa madambwe. Amadziwika ndi mipesa yochepa ndi ferns. M'nyengo yozizira, mitengo yotere imasiyanso masamba ake.
Magawo a nthaka yachipululu amatha kupezeka m'maiko monga Africa, Asia, ndi Australia. M'madera achilengedwewa, nyengo yotentha ndi nyengo yotentha imawoneka.
M'mapululu otentha, mpweya ukhoza kutenthedwa pamwamba pa madigiri + 50, komanso chifukwa cha kuuma kwake, mvula imasanduka nthunzi ndipo sikhala yopatsa zipatso. M'zipululu zamtunduwu, pali kuchuluka kowonekera kwa dzuwa. Zomera zimasowa.
Madera akulu kwambiri ali ku Africa; awa akuphatikizapo Sahara ndi Namib.
Flora ndi zinyama
Lamba wam'malo otentha amadziwika ndi masamba ake olemera; opitilira 70% mwa omwe akuyimira mitundu yonse yazomera zapadziko lapansi alipo m'derali:
- Nkhalango zam'madzi zimakhala ndi zomera zochepa chifukwa nthaka ili ndi mpweya wochepa. Nthawi zambiri nkhalango zotere zimapezeka m'malo otsikira okhala ndi madambo;
- Nkhalango za mangrove zili pafupi ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya wofunda; zomera zimapanga magawo angapo. Nkhalango yotere imadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa korona wokhala ndi mizu ngati zinyalala;
- nkhalango zamapiri zimakula pamtunda wopitilira kilomita imodzi ndipo zimakhala ndi zigawo zingapo. Pamwamba pake pamakhala mitengo: ferns, mitengo yobiriwira nthawi zonse, ndipo gawo lotsikiralo limakhala ndi udzu: ndere, mosses. Mvula yambiri imalimbikitsa chifunga;
- Nkhalango zam'nyengo zinagawidwa m'nkhalango zobiriwira nthawi zonse (eucalyptus), nkhalango zobiriwira nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi mitengo yomwe imakhuthula masamba ake kumtunda osakhudza yotsikayo.
Kudera lotentha kumatha kumera: mitengo ya kanjedza, cacti, mthethe, zitsamba zosiyanasiyana, euphorbia ndi zomera za bango.
Oimira ambiri azinyama amakonda kukhazikika pamitu ya mitengo: makoswe agologolo, anyani, mavuzi. M'derali amapezeka: hedgehogs, akambuku, akambuku, lemurs, zipembere, njovu.
Nyama zazing'ono, makoswe amitundu yosiyanasiyana, zinyama zokhala ndi ziboda, tizilombo timakonda kukhazikika m'misasa.
