Abakha ndi mitundu ya mbalame zam'madzi zokhala ndi milomo yayikulu, khosi lalifupi m'banja la Anatidae, makamaka m'banja laling'ono la Anatinae (abakha enieni). Banja la Anatidae limaphatikizaponso swans, omwe ndi akulu ndipo amakhala ndi khosi lalitali kuposa abakha, ndi atsekwe, omwe amakhala okulirapo kuposa abakha komanso amakhala ndi milomo yopepuka pang'ono.
Abakha ndi mbalame zam'madzi ndipo amakhala m'malo abwino komanso am'madzi. Pali magulu amtchire komanso oweta.
Mitundu ya abakha
Common Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
Drake ndiwowala kwambiri kuposa wamkazi. Mutu wake wobiriwira umasiyanitsidwa ndi khosi loyera kuchokera pachifuwa chake ndi chifuwa. Zazikazi zimawonedwa, zofiirira, koma nthenga zofiirira zobiriwira pamapiko, zomwe zimawoneka ngati mawanga m'mbali. Mallards amakula mpaka 65 cm m'litali ndipo amatha kulemera mpaka 1.3 kg.
Bakha wakuda (Mareca strepera)
Kukula kofanana ndi mallard, koma ndi kamwa kakang'ono kwambiri. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala otuwa ndi chigamba choyera pamapiko. Mutu wake ndi wokulirapo komanso wowala kwambiri kuposa uja wa mallard. Akazi amafanana ndi mallard, kusiyana kwake ndi malo oyera pamapiko (nthawi zina amawoneka) ndi mzere wa lalanje m'mphepete mwa mulomo.
Zolemba (Anas acuta)
Abakha awa amawoneka okongola ndi khosi lalitali komanso mawonekedwe owonda. Mchira wake ndi wautali komanso wosongoka, wautali kwambiri komanso wowoneka bwino pakuswana kwamphongo kuposa azimuna ndi amuna osabereka. Pouluka, mapikowo ndi aatali komanso opapatiza. Amuna m'nyengo yoswana amaonekera ndi mabere oyera oyera ndi mzere woyera pamutu ndi khosi lofiirira. Akazi ndi amuna omwe molt amawoneka ofiira ndi oyera, mutuwo ndi bulauni wotumbululuka, ndipo mlomowo ndi wakuda. Pouluka, ma drake amakhala ndi nthenga zobiriwira zamapiko amkati, pomwe akazi amakhala ndi nthenga zouluka zamkuwa.
Mfiti (Mareca penelope)
Drake ali ndi mutu wofiyira wofiira kwambiri, wokhala ndi milozo ya kirimu, imvi kumbuyo ndi mbali, khosi ndi ma specks ofiira ndi akuda. Chifuwacho ndi pinki-imvi, gawo lotsika pachifuwa, pamimba ndi mbali zakumbuyo kwa thupi kumbuyo kwake ndi zoyera. Akazi omwe ali ndi nthenga zofiira, ali ndi mutu wofiira kwambiri, khosi, chifuwa, kumbuyo, mbali. Mlomo ndi wabuluu-imvi ndi nsonga yakuda, miyendo ndi mapazi ndi imvi buluu.
Wosakaniza tiyi (Spatula querquedula)
Zing'onozing'ono kuposa mallard. Mutu wake ndi oblong pang'ono, wolunjika pakamwa pakuda ndi pamphumi pake. Paulendo, amuna amawonetsa mapiko otuwa ndi buluu wamtambo wokhala ndi nthenga zobiriwira zobiriwira zoyera. Mwa akazi, nthenga zouluka ndizofiirira. Drake amakhalanso ndi mikwingwirima yoyera pamaso pake, yomwe imakhotera pansi ndikulowa kumbuyo kwa khosi lake. Yamphongo ili ndi chifuwa chofiirira motley, mimba yoyera, ndi nthenga zakuda ndi zoyera kumbuyo. Mkaziyo ndi wopepuka, pakhosi pake ndi loyera, mlomo ndi wotuwa wopanda banga m'munsi. Mzere wakuda umadutsa pamutu, mzere wotumbululuka kuzungulira maso.
Bakha Wofiira (Netta rufina)
Yamphongoyo ili ndi mutu wa bulauni wonyezimira, mlomo wofiira komanso mbali zotumbululuka. Zazimayi ndi zofiirira komanso masaya otumbululuka. Akuuluka, amawonetsa nthenga zoyera zoyera. Mkazi ali ndi mbali zotumbululuka za mutu ndi khosi, mosiyana ndi pamwamba pamutu wakuda ndi kumbuyo kwa khosi.
Kutsika kwa Baer (Aythya baeri)
Drake ali ndi mutu wobiriwira wonyezimira, chifuwa chofiirira, mdima wakuda kumbuyo ndi mbali zofiirira, mimba yoyera yokhala ndi mikwingwirima. Mlomo ndi wamtundu wabuluu ndipo umawala pang'ono asanafike kunsonga wakuda. Mphasa woyera iris. Nthenga za thupi ndizofiira zotuwa. Mkazi ndi wotuwa mwaimvi, mlomo wake ndi wakuda. Iris ndi bulauni yakuda.
Bakha wa Crested (Aythya fuligula)
Ziphuphu pamutu zimasiyanitsa kuda ndi bakha wina. Chifuwa, khosi ndi mutu wa drake ndi wakuda, mbali zake ndi zoyera. Maso ndi achikasu-lalanje. Thupi la akazi ndi lobiriwira chokoleti chofiirira, kupatula mbali zowala. Amuna, milomo imakhala yakuda kwambiri ndi nsonga yakuda. Amayi ndi amtundu wabuluu.
Bakha (Aythya marila)
Kutali kwambiri, zazikazi zazikazi zimakhala zakuda ndi zoyera, koma poyang'anitsitsa, nthenga zobiriwira zonyezimira pamutu pake, mzere wakuda kwambiri wakuda kumbuyo, mlomo wabuluu ndi diso lachikaso zimawoneka. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala abulawuni ndi mutu wakuda ndi mdera loyera pafupi ndi mlomo, kukula kwa malo oyera kumasiyana. Kuchokera nyengo yoswana, ma drake amawoneka ngati mtanda pakati pa yaikazi ndi yaimuna yoswana: thupi lofiirira laimvi ndi mutu wakuda.
Common Gogol (Bucephala clangula)
Bakha ndi ochepa kukula ndi mitu yayikulu. Mlomo ndi waung'ono komanso wopapatiza, otsetsereka pang'ono kutsika, wopatsa mutu mawonekedwe amakona atatu. Akutsamira abakha okhala ndi matupi osasintha komanso michira yayifupi. Ma drakes achikulire nthawi zambiri amakhala akuda ndi oyera: mutu wake ndi wakuda wokhala ndi malo oyera ozungulira pafupi ndi mlomo, maso achikaso owala. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kwakuda, mbali zonse kumakhala zoyera, zomwe zimapangitsa thupi kuoneka loyera. Akazi ali ndi mitu ya bulauni, misana yakuda ndi mapiko. Mlomo ndi wakuda ndi nsonga yachikasu. Pothawa, amuna ndi akazi amawonetsa zigamba zazikulu zoyera pamapiko.
Stonecap (Histrionicus histrionicus)
Ndi bakha wamadzi wosambira wotalika 30-50 cm wamtali ndi mapiko a 55-65 masentimita wokhala ndi mulomo wawung'ono wamvi ndi mawanga oyera kuzungulira mbali zamutu. Drake ali ndi thupi laimvi lomwe lili ndi mbali zofiira dzimbiri komanso mitsempha yoyera pachifuwa, khosi ndi mapiko. Pamutu pake pali chigoba choyera choyera. Mkazi ali ndi thupi laimvi labulauni komanso mimba yakuda yotuwa yokhala ndi mawanga abulauni.
Bakha wautali kwambiri (Clangula hyemalis)
Bakha wosambira wamkulu pakati ndi nthenga zambiri zakuda ndi zoyera, zomwe zimasintha chaka chonse. Mapiko akuda munyengo zonse. Yaimuna imakhala ndi nthenga zazitali zapakati ndi mchira wa pinki pafupi ndi nsonga ya mlomo wakuda. Nthenga za chilimwe: mutu wakuda, chifuwa ndi mapiko. Imvi yayamba kuzungulira maso. Msana wakumtunda uli ndi nthenga zazitali, zobiriwira zokhala ndi malo akuda. Nthenga za mchira zapakati ndizitali kwambiri. Nthenga za dzinja: mutu woyera ndi khosi. Chigawo chachikulu chakuda kuyambira tsaya mpaka mbali za khosi. Mzere wakuda kumunsi kwa khosi ndi chifuwa. Kumbuyo kwake kwakuda. Nthenga zazitali kumtunda kumbuyo ndi zotuwa. Nthenga zapakati za mchira ndizakuda. Maso ndi ofiira achikasu-bulauni.
Mkazi ali mu nthenga za chilimwe: mutu wakuda ndi khosi, mabwalo oyera kuzungulira maso amatsikira mzere wochepa mpaka khutu. Msana ndi chifuwa ndi zofiirira kapena zotuwa. Maso akuda. Chovala chakuda chakuda pamasaya. Mimba yoyera. Korona, chifuwa ndi kumbuyo ndizofiirira.
Bakha wamutu woyera (Oxyura leucocephala)
Drakes ali ndi thupi lofiirira, mlomo wabuluu, mutu woyera wokhala ndi mdima wakuda ndi khosi. Akazi ali ndi thupi lofiirira, mutu woyera, pamwamba pake ndikuda pamzere patsaya.
Kufotokozera kwa abakha
- lonse ndi voluminous thupi;
- mapazi pang'ono oluka;
- mlomo wonyezimira wokhala ndi mbale zowoneka (ziyerekezo zazing'ono, zofanana ndi mano olimba);
- ndi ndondomeko yolimba kumapeto kwa mlomo;
- chovala chachikulu cha coccygeal chodzaza ndi nthenga ya nthenga.
Thupi la abakha silimanyowa m'madzi chifukwa cha mafuta omwe amagawidwa pamwamba pa nthenga.
Akatswiri a zinyama amagawaniza abakha m'magulu atatu akulu.
- Abakha owirira pamadzi komanso am'nyanja, monga bakha, amapezeka mumitsinje ndi m'nyanja ndipo amadyera pansi pamadzi.
- Odya pamwamba kapena abakha ang'onoang'ono monga bakha wam'madzi ndi wamtchire amakhala wamba m'mayiwe ndi madambo ndikudyera pamwamba pamadzi kapena pamtunda. Mbale zokhala ndi milomo ya milomo ya bakha zotere zimawoneka ngati fupa la nsomba. Mizere ing'onoing'ono ya mbale m'kamwa mwake imalola mbalame kusefa madzi kuchokera mkamwa ndikusungamo chakudya mkati.
- Palinso abakha omwe amasaka m'madzi osatsegula. Izi ndizophatikizika komanso zofunkha, zomwe zimasinthidwa kuti zigwire nsomba zazikulu.
Amate abakha amalemera kuposa abakha am'mwamba, mawonekedwe ofunikirawa amafunika kuti azitha kulowa m'madzi mosavuta. Chifukwa chake, amafunikira nthawi yochulukirapo komanso malo oti anyamuke, pomwe abakha ang'onoang'ono amanyamuka molunjika pamwamba pamadzi.
Kubera abakha
Amuna (ma drakes) amtundu wakumpoto ali ndi nthenga zowononga, koma amatulutsa chilimwe, zomwe zimapangitsa amuna kukhala achikazi, ndipo ndizovuta kusiyanitsa kugonana. Mitundu yakumwera imawonetsa kuchepa kwachiwerewere
Nthenga zouluka za abakha molt kamodzi pachaka ndipo zonse zimagwa nthawi imodzi, kotero kuwuluka munthawi yochepa imeneyi sikutheka. Abakha enieni amathanso nthenga zina (mizere) kawiri pachaka. Bakha akakhala kuti sakuuluka, amayang'ana malo otetezedwa okhala ndi chakudya chabwino. Kusungunuka uku kumakonda kutsogolera kusamuka.
Mitundu ina ya bakha, makamaka yomwe imaswana kumadera otentha komanso kumadera ozizira kwambiri, imasamukira kwina. Mitundu yomwe imakhala m'malo otentha, makamaka kumadera otentha, sizimapanga maulendo apandege. Abakha ena, makamaka ku Australia, komwe kumagwa mvula yambiri komanso yosakhazikika, amayendayenda, kufunafuna nyanja zam'madzi zosakhalitsa komanso malo osungira madzi omwe amapangika mvula yamphamvu.
Zowononga zomwe zimasaka abakha
Bakha amasakidwa ndi adani ambiri. Ankhamba ali pachiwopsezo chifukwa cholephera kuuluka zimawapangitsa kukhala nyama zosavuta nsomba zazikulu monga pike, ng'ona ndi osaka nyama zina zam'madzi monga amphamba. Zisa zimawonongedwa ndi zilombo zolusa, abakha akudya amadyedwa ndi nkhandwe ndi mbalame zazikulu, kuphatikizapo nkhwangwa ndi ziwombankhanga. Abakha sawopsezedwa akamauluka, kupatula nyama zowononga zochepa monga anthu ndi mphamba, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito liwiro ndi mphamvu kugwira abakha omwe akuuluka.
Kodi abakha amadya chiyani?
Abakha ambiri amakhala ndi milomo yayitali, yolimba yomwe imasinthidwa kuti ifukule ndikudyetsa, monga:
- zitsamba;
- zomera zam'madzi; nsomba;
- tizilombo;
- amphibiya ang'ono;
- nyongolotsi;
- nkhono.
Mitundu ina ndi zitsamba ndipo zimadya zomera. Mitundu ina ndi nyama zodya nsomba, nyama ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Mitundu yambiri imakhala yopatsa chidwi.
Bakha ali ndi njira ziwiri zodyetsera: ena amagwira chakudya pamtunda, ena amathira. Abakha akudya pamwamba samayenda, koma amangogwada ndikutulutsa chakudya m'madzi ndi makosi awo atali. Abakha akumira m'madzi posaka chakudya!
Momwe abakha amaswana
Amuna ali ndi ziwalo zoberekera zomwe zimachotsedwa ku cloaca kuti azitsatira. Abakha ambiri amakhala osakwatira nyengo imodzi, okhala ndi zomangira zolumikizana mpaka nthawi yayitali pakati pa makulitsidwe kapena bakha.
Clutch mazira
Mkazi amamanga chisa kuchokera masamba ndi udzu, amayala pansi ndikutulutsa kuchokera m'mawere ake.
Mazira amaikidwa kuyambira pakati pa Marichi mpaka kumapeto kwa Julayi. Chowotchera chachizolowezi chimakhala cha mazira 12, oikidwiratu pakadutsa masiku awiri kapena awiri. Dzira lililonse likathiridwa, zowalamulirazo zimakutidwa ndi zinyalala kuti ziziteteze kwa adani.
Clutch wa imvi bakha mazira
Bakha amasamira mazira pafupifupi masiku 28. Chiwerengero cha mazira omwe amayi amayikira chimayenderana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa masana omwe amapezeka. Kuchuluka kwa masana, kumachulukitsa mazira.
Nthawi yakukhazikikayi imakhala yovuta kwa mkaziyo, amatha kuposa theka la kulemera kwake m'mazira milungu ingapo. Bakha amafunika kupumula, ndipo zimatengera mnzake-drake, amamuteteza, mazira, anapiye, malo odyetsera ndi kupumula.
Abakha amayi amalimbikira kuti anawo akhalebe moyo pomwe ana a bakha amakula. Amuna amakhala ndi amuna anzawo, koma amayang'anira malowo, kuthamangitsa adani. Bakha amatsogolera anapiye awo atangobadwa kumene. Ankhamba amatha kuuluka pambuyo pa masabata 5-8 amoyo.
Abakha ndi anthu
Abakha - monga gulu la nyama - amatumikira pazinthu zambiri zachilengedwe, zachuma, zokongoletsa komanso zosangalatsa. Ndi gawo limodzi lachilengedwe, lomwe limakwezedwa ndi anthu chifukwa cha nthenga, mazira ndi nyama, lofunika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe, machitidwe ndi utoto, ndipo ndimasewera otchuka kwa alenje.
Abakha onse owetera amachokera ku mallard Anas platyrhynchos, kupatula abakha a muscovy. Mitundu yambiri yoweta ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa makolo awo amtchire, amakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira pansi pakhosi mpaka mchira wa 30 cm kapena kupitilira apo, ndipo amatha kumeza chakudya chokulirapo kuposa abale awo achilengedwe.
Bakha m'midzi amakhala m'mayiwe kapena ngalande za anthu wamba. Kusamuka kwasintha, mitundu yambiri imakhalabe m'nyengo yozizira ndipo siziwulukira kumwera.
Kodi abakha amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Utali wamoyo umadalira pazinthu zingapo, monga mtundu wanji womwe umakhalapo komanso ngati umakhala m'chilengedwe kapena umakulira pafamu. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, bakha wamtchire amatha kukhala zaka 20. Abakha akunyumba amakhala mndende zaka 10 mpaka 15.
