Honoriki ndi nyama zazing'ono zamtundu wa weasel. Nyama izi nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa ngati ziweto. Mitunduyi imapezeka chifukwa cha mtundu wosakanizidwa wa steppe ndi ferret wokhala ndi mink waku Europe. Dzina chilya, zopangidwa kuchokera pakuphatikizika kwa mayina a makolo, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Russia kokha, padziko lonse lapansi nyamazi zimatchedwa, monga ma ferrets wamba - fretka (ferret, kapena fredka).
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Honorik
Honorik ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe umapangidwa ndikudutsa Mustela eversmanni (wood ferret), Mustela eversmanni (steppe ferret) ndi Mustela lutreola (European mink). Mitunduyi idapangidwa ndi Dmitry Ternovsky wodziwika bwino wazanyama zaku Soviet mu 1978. Popeza mtunduwu umapangidwa mwanzeru, nyamazi zimapezeka makamaka mu ukapolo, ngakhale honiki amapezekanso kuthengo.
Kunja, ulemu umasiyana pang'ono ndi ma ferrets wamba. Thupi la nyama ndilochepa thupi komanso limasinthasintha. Nyama izi zimakhala ndi khosi locheperako komanso lalitali, mutu wawung'ono wozungulira, ndi mchira wautali, wofewa, womwe honikov adalandira kuchokera ku mink yaku Europe. Ma honorik ndi akulu pang'ono kuposa ferrets wamba. Wamkulu amalemera magalamu 400 mpaka 2.6 makilogalamu. Kukula kwa nyama kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 50, mchira kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 15-18 cm.
Kanema: Honorik
Honoriki amasiyana ndi ma ferrets aubweya wonenepa komanso wonyezimira komanso mtundu winawake. Kuchokera minks nyama izi zimakhala ndi awn wakuda, zimagawidwanso chimodzimodzi pamagulu onse abuluu. Nyamazo zinatengera ku ferrets mawonekedwe osinthika a thupi ndi makutu akulu ozungulira mzere woyera.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, nyamazi sizikuleredwa m'malo osungira nyama chifukwa cha kusowa kwa minks, komanso zovuta kuswana ziweto, ndipo nthawi zambiri amalonda amagulitsa ma ferrets mwachinyengo ngati ulemu. Koma honiki yeniyeni akadali chifukwa chodutsa mitundu itatu, mutha kusiyanitsa ulemu kuchokera ku ferret wamba potengera ubweya, kupezeka kwa awn wakuda ndi mchira wautali wautali.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi honik ikuwoneka bwanji
Honoriki ndi nyama zazing'ono zomwe zili ndi thupi lalitali komanso lowonda. Nimble kwambiri komanso mwachangu. Mutu wa nyama ndi waung'ono. Maso ndi ochepa, khungu la maso ndi lofiirira. Chibwano ndi mlomo wapamwamba ndi zoyera; maulemu ambiri amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera kumbuyo kwa maso ndi makutu a nyama. Pali masharubu aatali pafupi ndi mphuno. Ubweyawo ndi wandiweyani, wabwinoko kuposa wa mink, momwe umapangidwira umafanana kwambiri ndi mphalapala lalitali pafupifupi 4 cm, underfur 2-2.5 cm.
Abambowa amakhala a bulauni kapena bulauni. Miyendo ndi yaying'ono, komabe, izi sizilepheretsa ulemu kuti usayende mwachangu mokwanira. Mchira ndiwotalika, pafupifupi 15-20 cm, tsitsi kumchira ndilotalika komanso lofewa. Popeza honiki ndi mtundu wobadwira mwanzeru, ma hanorik achimuna ndi osabala ndipo sangabereke ana. Koma akazi amatha kubereka ana athanzi akawoloka ndi ma ferrets.
Chosangalatsa: Ma Honorik ali ndi tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timatulutsa madzi onunkhira, amuna amalemba gawo lawo ndikuchotsa mdani pachiwopsezo.
Honoriki imasinthasintha bwino panjira zachilengedwe. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimatetezedwa ku chimfine ndi ubweya wawo wakuda; pafupi ndi chilimwe, nyama zimayamba kusungunuka, pomwe ubweya wa nyama umatsitsidwanso. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa kagayidwe kake komanso kuchuluka kwa kusinthana kwa gasi kumasintha munthawi zosiyanasiyana pachaka.
M'chilimwe, nyama sizikhala ndi kulemera pang'ono, kulibe mafuta osanjikiza, nthawi yozizira nyamazo zimapeza mpaka 30% ya kulemera kwake, mafuta osanjikiza amawoneka, ndipo ubweya umakula. Nthawi yamoyo ya nyama zakutchire iyi ndi zaka pafupifupi 5; mu ukapolo, nyama izi zitha kukhala zaka 12.
Kodi ulemu umakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Honik kunyumba
Popeza honiki ndi nyama zowetedwa kutchire, zimakhala zovuta kuzikumana nazo. M'chilengedwe, honiki amapezeka m'malo omwe makolo awo amakhala. Honoriki amatha kukhala m'chigawo chapakati komanso chakumwera kwa Russia, kumadzulo kwa Europe, ku Eurasia ndi pakati pa Asia.
Honoriki amapezeka ku Czech Republic, Romania, Moldova, Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria komanso madera a Ukraine. Kumtchire, nyama zimakhala m'nkhalango komanso m'nkhalango. Nyama zimadzipangira mabowo, komwe amakhala. Amakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, honiki adalandira mwayi wosambira bwino mink, ndipo nthawi yotentha amatha kukhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi.
Ma Honorik nthawi zambiri amasungidwa ngati ziweto. Ali mu ukapolo, nyama izi zimasungidwa bwino mosakanikirana, momwe chimakhalira hamoku kapena bulangeti lofewa. Ndi bwino kuyika khola limodzi ndi nyama pamalo abata, ofunda, otetezedwa ku ma drafti. Honoriki ndi nyama zanzeru, amazolowera thireyi, amadziwa malo odyera. Khola lanyama liyenera kukhala lalikulu komanso loyera nthawi zonse.
Nyama siyingakhale mu khola tsiku lonse, chifukwa imayenera kusuntha, chifukwa chake ma honiki nthawi zambiri amamasulidwa kuti aziyenda mozungulira nyumbayo. Zowona, ndibwino kuti musasiye nyama mosasamala. Honoriki amatha kubisala m'malo obisika kwambiri, kulowa mumakina ochapira ndi zidebe, chifukwa chake potuluka mnyumbayo ndibwino kutsekera nyama mu khola.
Kodi ulemu umadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Honorik m'chilengedwe
Honoriki ndi omnivores ndipo amadya chimodzimodzi ndi ferrets.
Zakudya za honiks zikuphatikiza:
- mbewa zamtundu uliwonse;
- achule;
- achule;
- nsomba;
- makoswe amadzi;
- mbalame zakutchire ndi mazira awo;
- tizilombo tambiri - dzombe, ziwala, agulugufe ndi ena.
Nthawi zina ma ferrets amalowa m'mabowo a hares ndikumangirira. Ali mu ukapolo, ma honiki nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa nyama yophika yophika, mazira, phala, nsomba yophika, masamba ndi zipatso. Mulimonsemo nyama izi siziyenera kupatsidwa zakudya zosuta ndi mchere, chifukwa nyama zitha kufa ndi chakudya choterocho. Honoriki ndi nyama zokangalika ndipo nthawi zonse amafunikira chakudya ndi madzi ambiri.
Madzi ayenera kukhala khola mosalekeza, ndibwino kuti muwatsanulire mu chikho chomweramo kuti nyama isataye madzi. Kuti nyamayo imve bwino, iyenera kudyetsedwa ndi chakudya chapamwamba, zotsalira zomwe zatsala ziyenera kuchotsedwa mu khola, popeza chakudya chosadyedwa chimayamba kuwonongeka msanga, ndipo chinyama chitha kupatsidwa poizoni ndikudya chakudya chowonongeka. Ngati simukufuna kukhala ndi chakudya cha ziweto, mutha kugula chakudya chokwanira chokhazikika m'sitolo yogulitsa ziweto.
Mukamasula nyama kuti muziyenda mozungulira nyumbayo, ndikofunikira kuti muzitsatira, chifukwa ma ferrets amakonda kwambiri kutafuna mawaya, kulowa m'mataya ndi zinyalala, pomwe nyama imatha kupatsidwanso poizoni pakudya china chosadyeka kapena chowonongeka. M'nyengo yachilimwe, ma honiki amatha kudyetsedwa pang'ono; Ndikofunikanso kuchepetsa zakudya ndi masamba ndi zipatso. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimafuna nyama yambiri. Kuti chiweto chizimva bwino, ndibwino kuwonjezera ma vitamini ma ferrets omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa ziweto.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Honoriki
Honoriki ndi nyama zolimbikira. Amasambira bwino kwambiri, amathamanga mwachangu komanso amakwera mosavuta ngakhale m'malo osafikika. Kumtchire, nyama zimakumba maenje msanga, zimakonda kusaka mbewa, mbalame, amphibiya ndi njoka. Agile kwambiri komanso okhazikika. Amabisala kwa adani m'mabowo, amatha kukumba njira zakuya, pansi komanso chipale chofewa.
Ma Honorik ali ndi chikhalidwe chankhanza, sitiyenera kuiwala kuti pambuyo pake ndi nyama zolusa. Honoriki amatha kukhala pafupi ndi munthu ndipo amamuzindikira kuti ndi mbuye, koma amatha kuchita zinthu mwankhanza. Chifukwa chake, nyamazi siziyenera kusungidwa m'mabanja momwe muli ana ang'onoang'ono, inunso musayambe hanorik ngati muli ndi ma hamsters, makoswe okongoletsera, mbalame, chifukwa zimatha kukhala nyama ya kanyama kameneka. Koma ndi amphaka ndi agalu, nyamazi zimakhala bwino.
Amagwira ntchito makamaka usiku. Nyama zikagalamuka, zimakhala zopanda pake, honiki zimangoyenda, kuthamanga ndi kudumpha. Amakonda kusewera wina ndi mnzake komanso ndi eni ake, samakonda kusungulumwa. Zolemekezeka zapakhomo sizimanunkhiza, ngakhale zitakhala zoopsa, nyama zimatha kununkhiza pang'ono musk, koma ulemu wakuthengo, pakawopsa, umatulutsa madzi onunkhira kuchokera ku anus.
Honoriki ndi nyama zanzeru kwambiri, ndizosavuta kuphunzitsa. Zinyama zikakhala zomasuka, zimadziwitsa mwiniwake za izo ndikulira kosangalatsa. Honik akakhala wokwiya komanso wokwiya, amatha kununkhiza ndikumenyetsa mkwiyo. Ngati nyama ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu, imatha kukuwa. Olemekezeka ochepa amalira kuti ena adziwe kuti ali ndi njala.
Chosangalatsa: Khalidwe la honikik limapangidwa ali ndi miyezi 4, ndi msinkhuwu pomwe mutha kuyamba kuyeseza ndi nyama - kuzolowera thireyi ndi malamulo ena.
Akazi amaphunzitsidwa bwino, amuna amakhala okhulupirika kwa eni ake, koma aulesi. Makhalidwe oyipa a nyamazi akuphatikizira kupitiriza kwawo. Ngati chinyama chikufuna china chake, chidzafuna ndikukwaniritsa cholinga chake. Ndizosatheka kuyimitsa nyama ku zizolowezi zoyipa zamawaya kapena kukumba pansi mumiphika yamaluwa, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuletsa nyama nthawi yomweyo kuchita zoyipa, ndikuzisiya mchikwere, ndikutsatira gawo lililonse la nyamayo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Little Honorik
Popeza honiki ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa, zamphongo za nyama izi sizingakhale ndi ana. Akazi ndi achonde ndipo amatha kubereka ana kangapo pachaka akawoloka ndi ma ferrets wamba. Nthawi yokwanira ya ma honiki amayamba masika ndipo imatha mpaka nthawi yophukira. Pafupi ndi masika a nyama, ma gland opatsirana pogonana amakula kwambiri.
Mwa akazi, kuzungulira kumawonekera - m'mphepete mwa urethra, mwa amuna ma testes amakula panthawiyi. Kuswana nyama ndikofulumira. Amuna amatha kutsata chachikazi, kapena, kumugwira pakhosi, kumukokera kumalo obisika. Ikakwerana, yaikazi imasokosera, imayesera kuthawa ndikuthawa. Akakwatirana, akazi nthawi zambiri afota, khungu la mano limawoneka poufota, ndichizolowezi ndipo mabala achikazi amachira msanga.
Mwana amabadwa miyezi 1.5 atatenga pathupi. Asanabadwe, mkazi wapakati nthawi zambiri amayikidwa mu khola lina kuti mwamuna asavulaze mwanayo. Zinyalala imodzi imakhala ndi ana 2-3 mpaka 8. Anawo amabadwa ndi tsitsi loyera ndipo ndi osawona. Ma ferrets ang'onoang'ono amakula mwachangu kwambiri pakudya mkaka wa mayi. Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, ma ferrets amayamba kudya nyama.
Chosangalatsa: Ana agalu a Ferret ali ndi chibadwa chotsatira thupi loyenda. Anawo, akangoyamba kugwira molimba manja awo, amayamba kutsatira amayi awo. Achinyamata amakhala okonzeka kukwatira ali ndi miyezi 6-7.
Adani achilengedwe a honiks
Chithunzi: Momwe Honorik amawonekera
Adani achilengedwe aulemu ndi awa:
- mimbulu;
- mimbulu;
- nkhandwe;
- lynx;
- agalu;
- amphaka amtchire;
- njoka zazikulu;
- ziwombankhanga, nkhwangwa, nkhandwe ndi mbalame zina zazikulu zodya nyama.
Honoriki ndi nyama zosamalitsa komanso zopatsa chidwi, ndipo sizimagwera m'manja mwa adani. Nthawi zambiri, ma ferrets achichepere ndi nyama zakale, zofooka zimakhala nyama zolusa. Adani awa siowopsa kwa ulemu wapanyumba, komabe, ulemu kunyumba nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Monga:
- mliri wa nyama zodya nyama;
- parvovirus enteritis;
- matenda a chiwewe;
Matenda ambiri amatha kupewedwa popatsa chiweto katemera woyenera, ndikudyetsa nyamayo chakudya chamagulu. Ngati chinyama chikudwala, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi veterinarian yemwe angakupatseni chithandizo choyenera. Sikoyenera kuti muzinyamula nokha, chifukwa izi zitha kubweretsa zotsatira zosayembekezereka.
Pofuna kupewa matenda, yesetsani kuyang'anira chiweto chanu, pewani kulumikizana ndi nyama zodwala, nthawi zambiri yeretsani khola ndikuwonetsetsa chipinda chomwe nyamayo ili. Ma Ferrets nthawi zambiri amatenga utitiri, ndipo mutha kuchotsa tizilomboti ndi madontho ndi mankhwala ochapira tsitsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito paka amphaka. Kukanda pang'onong'ono ndi kumva kuwawa sizowopsa kwa nyama, zimachira mwachangu, muyenera kungoyang'ana kuti bala lisakule.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Honorik Wanyumba
M'zaka za Soviet Union, ma honics adatukuka kudera ladziko lathu pamafamu azinyama. M'nthawi yathu ino, chifukwa chovuta kubereketsa nyamazi, ntchito yopanga ma honics idayimitsidwa. Choyamba, chifukwa chakuti minks zasandulika nyama zosowa kwambiri, ndipo popeza kuchuluka kwa mink kwatsala pang'ono kutha, ndikofunikira kuteteza kuchuluka kwa mink kuposa kubereketsa nyama zosowa ndi ma ferrets pofuna kuyesa.
Kachiwiri, kuswana kwa ma honiks sikungapindule chifukwa choti amuna obadwa pamtanda otere sangathe kukhala ndi ana. Akazi amabala ana kuchokera ku ferrets wamba, koma ana samabadwa athanzi nthawi zonse. Honoriki, ndimayeso oyeserera kwathunthu a akatswiri azanyama aku Soviet. Asayansi apeza mtundu wosakanizidwa wokhala ndi khungu lokongola, lofunika kwambiri. Tsoka ilo, palibe chifukwa chopitilira kuyesaku.
M'masiku amakono, nyamazi zatha, ndipo amalonda nthawi zambiri amaphatikizana popatsa ma ferrets wamba ngati honiks, kapena osakaniza ma ferrets amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mkhalidwe wamtundu wa ma ferrets a nkhalango ndi ma ferrets am'nyumba sichinthu chovuta. Mitundu ya Mink ndi mitundu yomwe yatsala pang'ono kutha. Honoriki alibe gawo lotetezera popeza ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa. Kusunga kuchuluka kwa ma ferrets ndi minks, ndikofunikira kusiya kudula kwa mitengo, m'malo achilengedwe a nyama, kuti apange malo otetezedwa komanso malo osungira nyama.
Honorik nyama yabwino kwambiri yokhala ndi ubweya wokongola. Ndi ziweto zabwino, amazindikira eni ake ndikuyankha bwino pamaphunziro. Ndikosavuta kusunga ma honiks kunyumba, koma kugula ulemu weniweni si ntchito yophweka, chifukwa pali nyama zochepa kwambiri zomwe zatsala, ndipo kuswana kwa nyama zamtunduwu sikunachitike kwa nthawi yayitali.
Tsiku lofalitsidwa: 01/19/2020
Tsiku losintha: 03.10.2019 nthawi 22:44
