Mmbulu ndi zolengedwa zonyada komanso zokongola, makamaka amakhala mumadera otentha komanso ovuta kumpoto kwa Dziko Lapansi. Nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa m'nthano, zongopeka komanso zonena. Choyamba, chifukwa ndi anzeru kwambiri, achisomo komanso olemekezeka.
Ndipo amakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa - amachotsa nyanga zawo pachaka, ndipo amakula ndikulimbiranso. Ndi mtundu umodzi wokha womwe sungathe kuchita izi, popeza ulibe nyanga.
Koma tidzapeza za izi mtsogolo. Mtundu wanji Mitundu ya agwape alipo ena omwe angawerengedwe pakati pa mphalapala, komwe amakhala komanso momwe amasiyanirana - timaphunzira zonsezi, pang'onopang'ono ndikulowa mdziko lodziwika bwino la mphalapala.
Mitundu ya nswala
Tsopano Padziko Lapansi, mutha kuwerengera mitundu yoposa 50 ya nyama za agwape kapena banja la nswala, yomwe ndi gawo la artiodactyl dongosolo la mammalian class. Amapezeka paliponse.
Kuphatikiza apo, adabweretsedwera ku Australia ndi zisumbu za New Zealand ndi anthu. Kukula kwawo kumayimiriridwa kwambiri - kuyambira kukula kwa galu wapakatikati mpaka kukula kwakukulu kwa kavalo wamkulu. Tiyeni tisungitse malo nthawi yomweyo kuti anthawi zonse mu banja la agwape azikongoletsa mutu wa amuna okha, kupatula mtundu wokhawo.
Mbawala imaphatikizapo mabanja atatu - nswala zamadzi (Hydropotinae), nswala zamdziko lakale (Cervinae) ndipo mbawala za New World (Capreolinae)... Mayina awiri omaliza amatanthauza komwe adachokera, osati komwe amakhala.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya agwape
Mbozi za Dziko Lakale
Gulu ili ndi mitundu 10 ndi mitundu 32. Tiyeni tikambirane zotchuka kwambiri. Gwape weniweni (wowona) adagawika mitundu iwiri - mfulu ndipo wa mawanga.
1. Nkhumba zabwino akhazikika pafupifupi kudera lonse la Europe, zitha kuwoneka m'maiko a Asia Minor, m'mapiri a Caucasus, ku Iran ndi kuno ndi uko pakati ndi kumadzulo kwa Asia. Mayiko ambiri amatha kunyadira kukhalapo kwake kwachifumu.
Munthu wokongola uja adawonedwa ngakhale kudera lochokera ku Tunisia kupita ku Morocco (pafupi ndi mapiri a Atlas), zomwe zimamupangitsa kukhala nswala yekhayo yemwe adakhazikika ku Africa. Gwape ameneyu adafika kumayiko ena mothandizidwa ndi anthu.
Zitha kuwonedwa kuti sizopatula mitundu ya nswala zofiira, koma monga mndandanda wa mitundu ingapo. Ofufuza ena akhama amawerengera 28.
- Agwape aku Caucasus,
- nswala zofiira (Wokhala ku taiga waku East Asia),
- ukwati (Siberia),
- Crimea (wokhala ku Europe kuyambira kugombe la Baltic mpaka ku Balkan Peninsula),
- Chi Bukharian (anasankha Kazakhstan ndi Central Asia) ndi
- Mzungu mbawala,
- wapiti (Woimira North America)
Zonse zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwake - kukula, kunenepa, khungu, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa nyanga. Mwachitsanzo, mphalapala zofiira ndi wapiti zimalemera kwambiri kuposa masentimita atatu ndipo zimakhala zazitali mpaka mamita 2.5. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi mamita 1.3-1.5 m pofota. Ndipo nswala ya Bukhara ndi yayitali mamita 1.7-1.9 ndipo imalemera katatu, pafupifupi 100 kg.
Mbawala zaku Europe zimakhala ndi nyerere ngati korona wanthambi, womwe ndi chizindikiro chake. Maral alibe "mtengo" wokongola chonchi pamutu pake, nyanga zake zimakhala ndi nthambi 7, koma ndizazikulu.
Ndi kusiyanasiyana kwakunja kwa mitundu, zonsezi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana: sizimasanduka mtundu wamawangamawanga nthawi yotentha ndipo zimakhala ndi malo oyera oyera mchira, zodabwitsa kotero kuti zingakhale zolondola kunena kuti sirloin yawo yonse ndi yoyera.
Makamaka khofi wonyezimira, phulusa komanso mitundu yakuda yachikasu imapezeka. Zakudya zawo ndizosiyanasiyana. Chofunika kwambiri ndi udzu, khungwa la mitengo ndi masamba. M'chaka amabwezeretsa mphamvu ndi zakudya zomanga thupi - mtedza, zipatso, nthangala, chimanga, nyemba. M'chilimwe, zipatso zimawonjezeredwa zipatso, zipatso, moss, bowa.
Ngati mchere umasowa, amapeza nthaka yodzaza ndi mchere wamchere, kunyambita ndikulumata. Amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono otsogozedwa ndi akazi. Amuna amodzi ndi achikulire amasungidwa padera. Gwape ndi cholengedwa chothamanga komanso chokoma. Iye nthabwala agonjetse zopinga, kupanga kulumpha yaikulu, kusambira mosavuta mitsinje.
Komabe, chikhalidwe chake sichingatchulidwe kukhala chabwino. M'malo mokwiya, kudzikonda, ngakhale ndi anthu oweta, muyenera kukhala osamala. Pakadali pano kukwiya ndi phokoso, imatulutsa mawu "lipenga".
Munthawi yazovuta, ndewu za amuna kumadera ndi akazi sizachilendo
Mkazi amabala ana a ng'ombe 1-2, amakula ndi zaka 2-3, nyanga zoyamba zimakhala ndi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Machiritso amatchulidwa nthawi zonse ndi magawo osiyanasiyana amthupi la nswala. Mwachitsanzo, nyanga zazing'ono zam'madzi (nyerere) amtengo wapatali kwambiri kumankhwala azungu monga gwero la mankhwala okhalitsa.
Tikadali kuti tiwone chifukwa chake cholengedwa ichi chidatchedwa chabwino. Yankho lake ndi losavuta kuwona muzithunzi zakale. Ojambula nthawi zambiri amawonetsa nyama yayikulu yokhala ndi mutu wonyada woponyedwa kumbuyo, nyanga zokongola, adayimirira, akumwaza nthaka ndi ziboda zake - zonsezi zimawoneka ngati chithunzi cha "mfumu ya nkhalango".
Nyanga ndi nyerere zofewa
2. Gwape wobadwira. Ndi yotsika kukula kwa m'bale wakale, thupi limakhala pafupifupi 1.6-1.8 m kutalika, pakufota kwake ndi 0.9-1.1 mita kutalika, ndipo limalemera 70 mpaka 135 kg. Komabe, kusiyana kwakukulu ndi wachibale wolemekezeka ndi utoto.
M'chilimwe, imakhala ndi mtundu wofiyira wonyezimira wofiyira, pomwe mawanga oyera oyera amawonekera bwino, m'nyengo yozizira phale lonselo limasuluka. Amagwira Kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, adakhazikika ku Japan ndi kumpoto kwa Primorye. Mu theka loyambirira la zaka za zana la 20, adabweretsedwera pakati pa Russia ndi Caucasus.
Mchitidwewu umachitika kugwa, pachimake mu Okutobala, monga mbawala yofiira. Pakadali pano, mikangano pakati pa amuna opikisana ndiyofala, komabe, izi ndi zomwe nswala zonse ndizosiyana. Komabe, samavulazidwa kwambiri pakamachitika zotere. Atha, atamangirira nyanga zawo, osadzimasula okhaokha, kenako amafa ndi njala.
Nthawi zina mwa amuna amitundu yonse, anthu opanda nyanga amakumana. Kenako sanakonzekere kutenga nawo mbali pomenya nkhondo ndikulandila chidwi cha akazi ngati mphotho, gawo lawo ndikulowa mwa wina alireza (gawo laziweto lazimayi). Mbawala yeniyeni imakhala zaka 20.
- M'mbuyomu, mtundu wa mbawala zenizeni umatchulidwanso Gwape wamaso oyerayemwe adasankha Chigwa cha Tibetani kuti akhale ndi moyo. Komabe, tsopano lagawika ngati banja lokha lokha. Idadzipangira dzina chifukwa chakutsogolo kwa mutu, chojambulidwa choyera. Amakhala m'nkhalango za coniferous, komanso m'mapiri a Alpine okwera makilomita 3.5 mpaka 5.4 m'mapiri.
- Kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia kuli ndi zokwanira mbawala zosowa – zeze... Ili ndi dzina lanyumba zachilendozo. Tsopano pali ma subspecies atatu - @alirezatalischioriginal (wokhala paki yachigawo ku Indian state of Manipur), Tkhaminsky (Thailand, East India ndi Burma) ndi Siamese (kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia). Pakadali pano, ma subspecies onse atatu adalembedwa mu International Red Book.
Lyra amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa agwape osowa kwambiri
- Zinyama zingapo zakunja zitha kuwoneka ku India. Mwachitsanzo, nswala kutseka... Ngati asankhidwa Mitundu ya nyerere, ndiye zokongoletsa zabwino za cholengedwa ichi zidzakhala pakati pazoyamba.
Samapikisana kukula ndi nswala zina, koma ali ndi zowonjezera zambiri. Kwenikweni, mawu oti "barasinga" ndi nswala yokhala ndi nyanga khumi ndi ziwiri. Ngakhale, pamenepo, pakhoza kukhala njira zopitilira 20.
- Pali mitundu ingapo ya agwape a Dziko Lakale zambara... Izi ndi nswala zomwe zimakonda kwambiri moyo wamadzulo ndikukhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia ndi zilumba zapafupi. Pali anayi omwe amadziwika: Waku Filipino, wamwamuna (wotchedwa chovala chake chachitali, chowinduka, chakuda) Mmwenye ndi m theirbale wawo wapafupi - filipino sika agwape.
Otsatirawa ndi omwe akuyimira pangozi, ngakhale amakongoletsa gululi ndi kupezeka kwake Mitundu ya nswala.
Pachithunzicho muli mbawala zambara
- Apa ndikofunikira kukumbukira eni ake enawo a khungu lokongola lomwe lili ndi mawanga mkuntho kapena mbawala olamulira (wokhala ku Himalaya, Ceylon ndi Armenia) wokhala ndi tsitsi lofiirira lofiirira lokutidwa ndi zoyera zoyera, ndi Doe (nswala zapakatikati ku Europe zokhala ndi nyerere zazikulu).
Mbawala yolandira mtundu wa thupi lakuthambo mchilimwe imakhala yowala kwambiri, yoyaka-yofiira ndimitundu ya mkaka. Gawo lakumunsi la thupi ndi beige wotumbululuka, miyendo ndiyopepuka.
M'mbali mwa nswala yazithunzi
Gwape wogonera ndi wosavuta kuzindikira ndi nyanga za "spatula"
- Kum'mwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia kumakhalanso alireza - nswala zazing'ono zokhala ndi kanyumba kosavuta kwambiri - imodzi nthawi imodzi, nthawi zambiri nthambi ziwiri sizinapitilire masentimita 15. Ubweya wawo umakhala wofiirira kwambiri kapena wabulauni wachikaso, nthawi zina amakhala ndi zigawo zazikulu zowala.
Amunawa ali ndi zotupa zakuthwa kumtunda, zomwe amatha kuluma osati tsinde lokha, komanso nthambi. Zimangowonjezera kuti mchira wa nswala izi ndizotalika - mpaka 24 cm.
- Woyimira chidwi cha nswala ku Old World ndi Gwape wokhazikika... Iye, monga muntjaks, ali ndi mchira wautali, ziphuphu zakuthwa, ndi kukula kwa thupi losapitilira 1.6 m kutalika. Kulemera kwake sikuposa 50 kg.
Kuphatikiza apo, iye, monga abale am'mbuyomu, amakhala otanganidwa nthawi yakumadzulo - m'mawa ndi madzulo. Pamutu pake pali mphako wakuda bii wakuda mpaka masentimita 17. Nyanga ndi zazifupi, zopanda nthambi, nthawi zambiri siziwoneka chifukwa chakuphimba. Amakhala kumwera kwa China.
Mbava za Dziko Latsopano
1. Mbawala zaku America Kodi ena mwa oimira odziwika bwino a banja lino. Amangokhala ku North America. Mtundu wa thupi kuchokera kufiira kwakuda kufikira chikaso chowala. Amaperekedwa m'mitundu iwiri - zoyera ndipo wachikuda mbawala.
Woyamba amakhala makamaka m'boma la Virginia, chifukwa chake dzina lachiwiri - Virginia... Chachiwiri chili ndi makutu ataliatali, motero chimatchedwa "bulu". Kubereka kwawo ndikokwera kuposa mitundu ina - amatulutsa ana anayi. Chifukwa chake, chiwerengerocho chimabwezeretsedwanso mwachangu, ngakhale kuwonongedwa pachaka pakusaka.
2. Nswala zam'madzi ndi pampas deer - 2 monotypic genera wokhala ku South America. Woyamba amakonda madambo, ndi magombe a mitsinje. Amadyetsa makamaka zomera zam'madzi monga bango ndi maluwa a madzi. Chovalacho ndi chofiirira. Wachiwiri amakonda masaka ndi nthaka youma. Malayawo ndi ofiira kumbuyo komanso oyera m'mimba.
Swamp deer amakonda kudya zomera ndi udzu zomwe zimamera m'dambo lachinyontho
3. Mazams - Nyama zazinyama zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango za Central ndi South America. Dzinalo limachokera kuchilankhulo cha Amwenye nuatle, ndipo amatanthauza "nswala". Nyanga sizimasulidwa ndipo zimangokhala ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono tating'ono tokha.
Tsopano pali mitundu pafupifupi 10, kuyambira kukula kwa masentimita 40 ndikulemera makilogalamu 10 (mazama ochepa) mpaka 70 cm kutalika ndi kulemera 25 kg - imvi mazama.
4. Poodu - kumwera ndi kumpoto... Zinyama zazing'ono kuchokera kubanja la agwape, mpaka 40 cm kukula kwake zikufota ndikulemera mpaka 10 kg. Zili ndi nyanga zazifupi mpaka masentimita 10. Amakhala kumwera kwa Chile.
Deer pudu imawerengedwa kuti ndiyoyimira yaying'ono kwambiri yamitunduyo.
5. Mbawala - Peruvia ndi South Andean... Mapeto a mapiri a Andes. M'malo mwake agwape akulu okhala ndi ubweya wofiirira wonyezimira komanso nyanga zopangidwa ndi Y. Thupi limatha kutchedwa kuti lolandi kwambiri poyerekeza ndi miyendo. Amakhala otakataka madzulo, masana amabisala pakati pamiyala. Andean deer, komanso condor, amawonetsedwa pamavuto aku Chile.
Mitundu yotsala ya mbawala yamtunduwu sinaphatikizidwe mgulu lililonse la banja, amakhala ngati magulu awoawo.
Roe mbawala
Amatchedwanso roes kapena mbuzi zamtchire. Amakhala makamaka kudera la Eurasia. Iwo agawidwa Mzungu (kukhala ku Europe konse komanso ku Asia Minor) ndi Siberia Mitundu (yayikulu kuposa yoyamba, imakhala kupitirira Volga, Urals, Siberia, Far East ndi Yakutia).
Mitundu yonseyi ndi nyama yopyapyala yokhala ndi khosi lalitali. Miyendo ndiyabwino komanso yowongoka. Mutu ndi waung'ono, waudongo, wokhala ndi makutu aatali komanso otakata, komanso maso akutali.
Nyanga zokhala ndi mipesa itatu pamwamba. Pamaso ponse pa nyangazi pamadzaza ndi ma tubercles ndi zotulutsa. Mtundu wa thupi ndi lofiira kwambiri, m'nyengo yozizira - lofiirira. Pali malo oyera oyera mchira.
Mphalapala
Ku America amatchedwa karubu. Mtundu wokhawo momwe amuna ndi akazi ali ndi nyanga, komanso ngakhale nyama zazing'ono. Zokongoletserazi zimapangidwa kuchokera kumbuyo kupita kutsogolo, ndipo kumapeto kwake kumakulitsidwa ngati masamba amapewa. Amakhala ndi ziboda zokulirapo kuposa mphalapala zina, ndipo amawalola kuyenda momasuka kupyola chisanu, ndi kudambo, komanso kutsetsereka.
Nthambi za supraocular, pomwe nyanga zimayamba kukula, zimakhala ndimachitidwe amodzi, ndizopangidwa ndi chala ndipo zimakutidwa ndi mabowo osaya. Maonekedwe a nswala zakumpoto ndiosawoneka bwino. Miyendo ndi yaifupi, mchira ndi waung'ono, zibambo nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mwa amuna.
Komabe, zikhalidwe za agwape onse zimawonedwa - zimawoneka zokongola komanso zonyada, zimayenda msanga, komanso zimasintha nyerere chaka chilichonse. Kwa anthu akumpoto, nyama iyi ndiyofunikira monga ng'ombe kapena kavalo kwa ife, kapena ngamila ndi ya anthu okhala m'chipululu.
Amapereka mkaka ndi ubweya kwa mwini wake, ndiye gwero lazinthu zina zothandiza, komanso nyama yonyamula katundu. Anthu akumpoto amatumikira munthu kwanthawi yayitali kotero kuti mitundu ya nswala zakutchire mwamtheradi osati ngati kwathu. Mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa mbawala zoweta ndizocheperako, malaya sakhala okhwima komanso owaza, ndipo khalidweli silimanyadanso komanso limakonda ufulu, koma limvera komanso limadalira.
Mitundu ya mphalapala amasiyana malinga ndi malo okhala. M'dera la Eurasia nthawi zambiri kumakhala subspecies 8: European, Novaya Zemlya, Siberia, nkhalango za ku Siberia, nkhalango yaku Europe, Okhotsk, Barguzin, Spitsbergen agwape.
M'dera la North America 4 subspecies amadziwika: Greenlandic, nkhalango, nswala ya Piri ndi nswala ya Grant. Komabe, si asayansi onse omwe amazindikira ma subspecies angapo; ambiri amawawona ochepa. Zimavomerezedwa kuti kugawikana kokha kukhala mtunda ndipo taiga mbawala. Tiyeni timalize kufotokozera ndi zimphona za banja - the elk.
Chifukwa cha mphalapala, anthu ambiri okhala Kumpoto, amapulumuka
Elk
Mtunduwu umaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri ya nswala, yomwe imatha kutchedwa yayikulu kwambiri m'banja: European elk (elk) ndi American.
Akuluakulu a ku Ulaya Imafika kutalika kwa mita itatu, ikamafota pafupifupi 2.5 m, kulemera - 400-665 kg. Akazi nthawi zonse amakhala ocheperako kuposa amuna. Kunja, zimasiyana ndi nswala zina. Ngati ndinganene za nyama - amawoneka wankhanza kwambiri m'banja lake.
Ali ndi thupi lofupikitsidwa koma lamphamvu, khosi lalikulu komanso lalifupi, kufota kumawoneka ngati chitumbuwa, ndipo miyendo ndiyotalika mosayerekezereka. Kuti amwe madzi, ayenera kulowa mumtsinje mpaka m'chiuno, kapena kugwada. Mutu ndi wawukulu, wosemedwa mozungulira, wokhala ndi mlomo wapamwamba wakutuluka ndi mphuno yolumikizidwa.
Pakhosi pali khungu lofewa lomwe limakhala ngati ndolo yayikulu, imatha kukula mpaka masentimita 40. Ubweya ndi wolimba, wofanana ndi ziphuphu. Mtunduwo ndi wakuda-wakuda. Pamiyendo, chovalacho chimawala kwambiri, chimakhala choyera. Ziboda zakutsogolo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osongoka, nyamayo imagwiritsa ntchito ngati chida polimbana ndi nyama zolusa.
Amatha kung'amba m'mimba mosavuta. Koma mphalapala sizimazigwiritsa ntchito pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zimapweteketsa abale awo ena. Nyanga ndi zokongoletsa zofunika kwambiri za nyama.
Ngakhale sali okongola ngati nswala zina zambiri. Nthambi, spatulate ndi yayikulu, amafanana ndi khasu. Chifukwa chake amatchedwa "mphalapala". Goli amaponyera iwo kugwa, mpaka masika omwe alibe nyanga akuyenda. Kenako amakula.
Amadyetsa zomera - makungwa, masamba, ntchentche, ndere ndi bowa. Nthawi zonse amafunikira zowonjezera mchere, monga mbawala zonse. Chifukwa chake, mwina iwowo amapeza malo amchere, kapena munthu amawadyetsa mchere, kuthira mipiringidzo yamchere muma feeder apadera.
Nyama iyi imathamanga kwambiri, mpaka 60 km / h, imasambira bwino, imamva ndikununkhiza bwino, ndipo siyili mgulu la amanyazi. M'malo mwake, kukumana naye kumatha kuchititsidwa mantha ndi cholengedwa china chilichonse.Ngakhale chimbalangondo sichimayesetsa nthawi zonse kuti chichite naye. Maso a Elk ndi ofooka.
Munthu amatha kuukiridwa ngati angachite zinthu mokwiya kapena akafika ku mphalapala. Moose okhwima ndi zaka ziwiri. Amayambitsa banja, nthawi zambiri amakhala amoyo wonse. Pambuyo pobereka masiku 240, yaikazi imatulutsa mwana wa ng'ombe wamtundu wofiyira.
Amamudyetsa mkaka mpaka miyezi inayi. Pakati pa nyengo yakumasirana, mphalapala zimakhala zankhanza modzidzimutsa, zimakonza ziwombankhanga zoopsa panyanga, zomwe nthawi zina zimatha mwachisoni. Mwachilengedwe, amakhala zaka 12, ali mu ukapolo - mpaka zaka 20-22.
American Moose (Muswa kapena Munza, monga Amwenye achi Aborigino amamutchulira) kunja ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mnzake waku Europe, ndipo machitidwe awo ndi ofanana. Zimasiyana pakupezeka ma chromosomes awiri owonjezera. Mphalapala ili ndi 68, mphalapala ili ndi 70. Komanso, mabala akuya amawoneka panyanga zake kuposa mnzake waku Europe.
Nyanga zakezo ndi zolemera komanso zokulirapo. Mutu wake ndi wautali masentimita 60. Mwamuna anathamangitsa nyama iyi molimbika kwambiri kuposa mphalapala, ndiye kuti nyama inali yamtengo wapatali kwa iye (malinga ndi Amwenye, "imalimbitsa munthu katatu kuposa chakudya china"), ndi nyanga, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ziwiya, ndi khungu (kuchokera Mabwato opepuka aku India adapangidwa (pirogi).
Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuyitcha kuti yamapiri kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imangoyendayenda m'mapiri amiyala. Amakhala ku China, Mongolia, kum'mawa kwa Russia komanso ku North America. Mwachidule, tinene kuti mphalapala - mbawala zazikulu, ofala kwambiri m'nkhalango za kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi.
Tsopano pali pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni padziko lapansi, ndipo ku Russia pali anthu pafupifupi 730,000. Zithunzi za Elk zitha kuwoneka pazikwangwani zam'misewu, malaya am'manja, mabanki ndi matampu. M'mizinda yambiri ya Russia muli zipilala za elk. Amachita chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu m'nkhalango yathu.
Pomaliza, womaliza mbawala zanyama, zomwe zimasiyana kwambiri ndi zina pakalibe nyanga. izo nswala zamadzi kapena swamp musk agwape... Nyama yaying'ono, kutalika kwa 45-55 cm, kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 1 mita, kulemera kwa 10-15 kg.
Amuna ali ndi mayini opangidwa ngati ma saber apamwamba, omwe amapindika m'mwamba ndikutuluka mkamwa masentimita 5-6. Chovala chachilimwe ndi bulauni bulauni, chovala cham'chisanu ndi chopepuka komanso chowoneka bwino. Amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira m'mbali mwa nyanja ndi madambo.
Amadyetsa makamaka udzu, bowa ndi mphukira zazing'ono. Nthawi yonseyi, amuna amadzivulazana kwambiri ndi mano awo. Amakhala ku East China ndi Korea. Wodziwika ku France, Great Britain ndi Primorsky Krai. Amasamala kwambiri, chifukwa chake, samaphunzira kwenikweni.
Mu chithunzi musk gwape, amatchedwanso musk agwape
