Mu 2004, kafukufukuyu adachitika, zomwe zidawulula agalu akale kwambiri. Gululi limaphatikizapo nyama zomwe genotype yawo ili pafupi kwambiri ndi nkhandwe. Zinapezeka kuti imodzi mwamagulu akale kwambiri tifunika kuwawona ngati agalu oweta.
Anali oyamba kubwera kudzathandiza munthu akafuna kuteteza ziweto ku nyama zamtchire. Anaphunzitsidwa mwapadera kuti azitha kuweta ziweto ndikuziteteza pakagwa ngozi. Ndiponso, ngati kuli kofunika, kuteteza nyumba ya munthu.
Amayenera kusiyanasiyana ndi nyama zamtchire makamaka utoto. M'modzi mwa oimira owoneka bwino kwambiri pagululi mosakayikira ndi English Shepherd, wopangidwa ku USA ndipo amadziwika kwambiri kumeneko. Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha galu woweta mosunthika yemwe anali wofala ku East ndi Midwest of America.
Alimi samamuyamikira chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, koma chifukwa chantchito yake yapadera. Mfundo yake yamphamvu ndi kusinthasintha. Nyamayo idasamalidwa kuti igwire ntchito pafamuyo yonse. Amatha kudyetsa komanso kuteteza ng'ombe ndi nkhumba komanso nkhosa ndi mbalame.
Anapirira bwino ndikutetezedwa kwa nyumbayo ndi chiwembu, makoswe obalalika, adapita kukasaka ndi mwiniwake ndipo anali mnzake wokhulupirika. Kuphatikiza apo, ana amatha kusiidwa ndi iye. Zomwe ali, wogwira ntchito mokhulupirika komanso wosatopa, yemwe adayamikiridwa chifukwa cha nzeru zake zamphamvu komanso mphamvu, komwe mizu yake imachokera, tidzayesa kukuwuzani.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kunja, Abusa achingerezi ndi ofanana ndi ma collies odziwika bwino (Scottish Shepherds) ndi Australia Shepherds. Komabe, amasiyana ndi nyama izi, ndipo zimawonekera: poyerekeza ndi zoyambayo, amakhala olimba kwambiri, komanso amakula kwambiri. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi omaliza ndi mutu wopanda mutu pang'ono ndi mchira wowongoka.
Kuphatikiza apo, pakati pa mitundu yawo palibe mtundu wa "merle", wofanana ndi "Australia" ndi "Scots". English Shepherd amadziwika kuti ndi galu wapakatikati, amuna akamafota amafika 48-58 cm, akazi akazi masentimita 46-56. Anyamata amalemera 20-27 kg, atsikana 18-23 kg. Mtunduwo ndi wamakona anayi, chifukwa ndiwotalika kuposa kutalika. Yakhazikika molingana.
Ubweyawo ndi wautali wapakatikati, tsitsi limapangidwa mosiyanasiyana: wowongoka, wavy ndi wopindika. Amayesedwa ovomerezeka akamaphimba thupi lonse, kuphatikiza mchira, miyendo ndi makutu. Chovalacho ndi chosalala komanso chosavuta kukhudza. Mitundu yoyera: yoyenda ndi yoyera (yowonekera komanso yotchinga), brindle, yakuda ndi yoyera, yakuda ndi yamtundu, tricolor (yoyera, yakuda, yofiira).
Zachidziwikire kuti zimatha kukumana komanso mbusa wachizungukoma uku ndikokusiyana ndi malamulo otchedwa alubino. Palibe mtundu woterewu muyezo. Mutuwo wapindidwa woboola pakati, wopingasa pang'ono, masaya ndi masaya. Maso amakhala apakatikati, koma okongola komanso owoneka bwino, mawonekedwe pafupi ndi amygdala, mtunduwo nthawi zambiri umakhala wakuda.
Kapangidwe ka makutu ofewa komanso osinthasintha amafanana ndi makona atatu, mawonekedwe awo ndi otakata. Wamphamvu, nsagwada zopangidwa bwino, kuluma kolondola. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mano a chinyama ndi oyera kwambiri, komanso olimba komanso olimba. Thupi ndi lochepa kwambiri, ngakhale limawoneka lonyansa chifukwa cha malayawo.
M'busa wachingelezi, monga agalu ambiri agile komanso olimba, ali ndi mimba yolimba yomwe imapitilizabe pachifuwa pake. Miyendo ndi yolimba, yolimba komanso yolimba. Zakumbuyo zitha kupindika pang'ono, izi sizimakhudza kufunika kwa mtunduwo.
Mchira ndi wandiweyani m'munsi, wokwera, osati wautali kwambiri. Sichimangirira kapena kupindika. English Shepherd pachithunzichi amawoneka ngati galu wamphamvu, wamakhalidwe abwino, agile wosachedwa kuwoneka wanzeru. Ndi za agalu oterewa omwe mwamwambo ananenedwa kuti: "Amayang'ana molunjika mumoyo."
Mitundu
Chiberekero cha chizungu osavomerezedwa ndi FCI, komabe, malinga ndi zofunikira zomwe United Kennel Club ikufuna, palibe mitundu yomwe ilipo. Ngakhale mitundu ili ndi malire. Chifukwa chake, tikukuwuzani pang'ono za abale a nyama iyi, yomwe imafanana kwambiri, collie wa m'malire ndi abusa aku Australia.
Malire a Collie (border collie), mtundu uwu unakulira kudera lamalire pakati pa Scotland ndi England, motero dzina ("malire" - malire). Dzinali lidalembetsedwa koyamba mu 1915, ngakhale mtundu wamtunduwu udavomerezedwa kale kwambiri, mu 1881. Koma masiku awa ndi nsonga chabe ya chiyambi cha mtundu wowoneka bwinowu.
Kubwerera mu 1570, agalu amenewa adatchulidwa, amangotchedwa kuti collie, collie wachikhalidwe, English collie, farm collie. Nyama ndizanzeru kwambiri, zimatha kuganiza mozama, kumvetsetsa, kuzindikira. Makhalidwe amenewa amatengera Abusa Achingelezi amakono.
Abusa aku Australia. Adapangidwa ndi kutengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mitundu ingapo yama collies. Pali gawo lalikulu lazotheka kuti zochitika pakati pa makolo awo ndi agalu abusa achingerezi zidachitika. Mosiyana ndi dzinalo, silinawonekere ku Australia, koma ku United States koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20.
Ndiwo Agalu Achibusa a Basque omwe adafika ku America kuchokera ku Australia adagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga kwake. Adalandira dzina lalifupi Aussi ("Ossi") ngati chidule cha zilembo zoyambirira za dzina lathunthu la Australia Shepherd. Iwo anali ofala kumadzulo kwa United States.
Agalu onsewa omwe atchulidwawa ndi agalu oweta ziweto, opirira, ochenjera mwachangu, sangakhale othandizira gulu ndi osaka, komanso anzawo abwino, othamanga ndi agalu oleza mtima pochiza odwala.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Pali zosokoneza zambiri m'mbiri yamtunduwu. Pali umboni kuti agalu oyambawa adapezeka mu Albion yawubwibwi mpaka 55 BC. pamodzi ndi gulu lankhondo la Roma. Amagwira bwino ntchito yawo yoyang'anira ndikuweta. Agalu oterewa amatchedwa abusa kapena abusa.
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, ulimi unayamba kubwerera m'mbuyomu asanafike makampani omwe akutukuka, wachinyamata wachingerezi sanatuluke pantchito. Monga mtundu, palibe amene adawalembetsa, sanawapulumutse, panali kuwoloka kwakukulu ndi agalu ena. Mwa mawonekedwe ake apano, mtunduwo udapangidwa pambuyo pake ku America.
Agalu nawonso adawonekera limodzi ndi aku Scots oyamba ndi Chingerezi omwe adafika kumadera aku America mzaka za zana la 17 ndikukhazikitsa midzi kumeneko. Alimi amafunika kuteteza munda wawo komanso ziweto zawo. Pofuna kukonza magwiridwe antchito, aku America nthawi zonse amasakaniza magazi amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Zotsatira zake, opanga adapanga galu wapadera wogwira ntchito - wolimbikira, wolimbikira ntchito komanso waluso. Abusa achingerezi ali ndi magazi ambiri a Scottish Collies (omwe pambuyo pake amatchedwa malire a collies) chifukwa amawoneka ofanana ndipo akhala akutchedwa amenewo kwanthawi yayitali. Koma koyambirira kwa zaka za 20th, mawu oti "Scottish Collie" okhudzana ndi agaluwa asiya kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Mu 1937, biologist, veterinologist ndi wolemba Leon Fredley Whitney analemba m'buku lake How to Breed Dogs kuti: "Scottish Collie ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi mayina angapo -" mbusa wam'famu "," barnyard collie "," m'busa wachikhalidwe "," ng'ombe -galu ","wachinyamata wachingerezi»Ndi mayina ena ophatikizika.
Ndipo ngakhale ndikukayika kuti pali galu wochenjera kwambiri, wodalirika komanso wachimereka, kulibe kalabu yodzipereka mdziko muno yomwe ingalimbikitse chitukuko chake. Uyu ndi galu wamba yemwe amatha kuwoneka pafamu iliyonse mdziko muno. "
Komabe, wolemba adalakwitsa, Galu Wachingerezi Wachingerezi wazaka 10 panthawiyo adalembetsedwa mwalamulo mgulu la "English Shepherd" (kudzera ku UKC - United Kennel Club, USA). Ngakhale malinga ndi zomwe zidalembedwa, idalembetsedwanso ku UKC yomweyo mu 1935, ndipo chaka chisanafike, mu 1934, mtundu wamaguluwo udalembetsedwa kumeneko.
Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti kunalibe cholembera chapadera cha agalu oweta, kotero padali chisokonezo chofananira. Pamene minda ing'onoing'ono ku United States ikuchepa, Abusa achingerezi acheperachepera ndipo ziwerengero zawo zatsika kwambiri. Tsopano iwo akhala mtundu wosowa.
Khalidwe
Khalidwe la M'busa Wachingerezi ndiye, mwina, tanthauzo lofunikira kwambiri kwa agaluwa. Ali ndi luntha lotukuka, ndi abwenzi enieni a aliyense okhala mnyumbamo. Kuphatikiza apo, kukoma mtima kwawo kumapangidwa mwamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti kumakhudzanso anthu ndi nyama.
Amasintha mosiyanasiyana pamikhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, amaphunzira kugwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Momwe antchito amawonetsera kuti ndi odziyimira pawokha komanso akhama pantchito. Alendo nthawi zambiri amakhala osamala, chikondi chawo ndi kudzipereka kwawo ndi za mwini m'modzi yemweyo. Komabe, ngati alendo kapena nyama zilandiridwa ndi eni nyumbayo, galuyo amawonetsa kusangalala nawo komanso kuwakonda.
Kudziyimira pawokha, kuuma mtima ndi kupanduka nthawi zina zimawonekera mu chikhalidwe chake. Pofuna kuthana ndi mikhalidwe imeneyi kapena kuwongolera njira yoyenera, mwini wake ayenera kukhala mtsogoleri wolimba komanso wodalirika wa galu, apo ayi galuyo atha kulamulira ndikuchita zosafunika.
Koma munthawi zofunikira nzeru, kupanga zisankho ndi luso, galu english m'busa kumaonekera mwa njira yabwino kwambiri. Ngati galu ali ndi mwayi wogwira ntchito yake, amadziwa bwino zochitika zonse za tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo azichita zinthu mosadalira, ngakhale osaphunzira kwambiri.
Ngakhale maphunziro ndi chitsogozo mosakayikira zimamupindulitsa. English Shepherd, monga tanenera kale, si m'busa chabe, komanso woyang'anira nyumba ndi famu, komanso wosaka nyama wabwino kwambiri. Zimangodabwitsabe momwe amasankhira mbalame yomwe ayenera kusaka ndi yomwe ayenera kuyang'anira.
Fungo lake losowa limalola kutsata osati ma raccoon ndi agologolo okha, komanso mbewa, makoswe, ferrets ndi tizirombo tina. Agalu amathamangitsa makoswe mwachangu m'dera lanu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito populumutsa, ku canistherapy (chithandizo chothandizidwa ndi agalu), komanso pamipikisano yosiyanasiyana komanso ziwonetsero.
Njira yachangu kwambiri yodziwira M'busa Wachingerezi kuchokera ku Border Collie ndiyo kuwaika pachombo. Border Collies (Border Collies) nthawi zambiri amafunika kuwona masewerawa, pambuyo pake amakhala okhazikika. Abusa achingerezi nthawi zonse amakhala chilili ndi pakamwa pawo patseguka pang'ono. Ndipo iwo, mosiyana ndi akalewo, amatha kugwira ntchito ndi mitundu yonse ya nyama, kuyambira ng'ombe zazikulu kwambiri mpaka nkhuku zazing'ono.
Khalidwe lawo pantchito ndi chisakanizo cha kusamala ndi nkhanza, ngati kuli kofunikira. Galu uyu amamva kwambiri momwe zinthu zonse zamoyo zimakhalira, motero amatha kutchedwa galu wampweya wabanja. Koma poyenda paki, kuwongolera chikhumbo chake chotsogolera, nthawi zambiri amayesa kukhazikitsa utsogoleri wawo pakati pa agalu ena.
Zakudya zabwino
Amadyetsa chiweto ndi chakudya chachilengedwe (wiritsani nyama, nsomba zopanda mafupa, ndiwo zamasamba ndi chimanga, nthawi zina, osatinso, amapereka mkaka wofufumitsa), ndi chakudya chopangidwa kale, chogulidwa. Osangokhala galu wanu, yesani kugula zakudya zoyambirira zachilengedwe.
Funsani veterinarian wanu musanasankhe zakudya. Adzakuthandizani kupanga menyu yoyenera. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mtsogolo musakhale ndi vuto lililonse pamatumbo. Muyenera kudyetsa galu wamkulu kawiri patsiku, makanda - maulendo 3-4.
Onetsetsani kuti mupatse chiweto chanu mavitamini, mchere, ndipo payenera kukhala madzi oyera m'mbale nthawi zonse. Palibe chifukwa choyesera galu, kumuchiza ndi maswiti osiyanasiyana, zakudya zamafuta ndi zokometsera, zopangira ufa. Zonsezi zimawononga thanzi, komanso zimathandizira kunenepa kwambiri.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kuti musunge mtunduwo kukhala wangwiro, kukwatira kuyenera kungokonzedwa. Mwambowu umachitikira kudera la abambo amtsogolo. Makolo onse ayenera kulandira katemera komanso kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino. Agaluwa amabweretsa zinyalala zazikulu - mpaka ana 16. Komabe, mayi amakwanitsa kuyang'anira aliyense, wokhala ndi chidwi chapadera.
Komabe - makanda 16 akadali ocheperako kuposa gulu lalikulu! Kwa milungu iwiri yoyambirira, simuyenera kuwasamalira konse, chilichonse chimachitika ndi kholo lomwe limayang'anira. Amawadyetsa, kuwatsuka ndikuwothautsa. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera ana agalu achingerezi amakula msanga, amakhala ndi chidwi chambiri ndipo posakhalitsa amayamba kuwona zinthu zowazungulira.
Atakwanitsa masabata atatu ali okonzeka kulandira katemera woyamba. Muyenera kuyamba kuphunzitsa mwana wanu wagalu kuyambira miyezi 4-5. Agalu abusa amakhala zaka 12-15, ndipo eni ake samanong'oneza bondo posankha kamphindi. Galu uyu amatha kukusangalatsani, ndiwovuta kwambiri, komanso, zikuwoneka kuti amamvetsetsa zoyankhula za anthu.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Choyamba, tiyeni tisungitse malo - sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiyambitse mtunduwu wokhala m'nyumba zanyumba. Amafuna mpweya wabwino, wotuluka mnyumba momasuka. Galu wa nkhosa amafunika kuchuluka kosakhala koyenera, kwamaganizidwe ndi thupi. Njira yabwino ndikumusunga mnyumba yachinsinsi ndi chuma kapena pafamu, komwe azikhala ndi ntchito yambiri.
Kuti musamalire wokondedwa wanu, simuyenera kuda nkhawa. Sambani malayawo pafupipafupi, osachepera 3-4 pa sabata. Gwiritsani ntchito maburashi olimba komanso ofewa mosiyanasiyana. Galu amatulutsa masika ndi nthawi yophukira, nthawi yomwe tsitsi limatuluka. Muyenera kumusamba kokha pakufunika, ndiwosalala komanso samanunkhiza. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ochapira tsitsi agalu ndi zokometsera kuti musambe. Sambani makutu, maso, ndi mano kamodzi pa sabata.
Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuyenda kwa ola limodzi mumlengalenga ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ayenera kusuntha kwambiri, kuyenda kuyenera kukhala kwakutali komanso kolingalira. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikofunikira kwa iwo. Apo ayi, galuyo akhoza kudwala.
Amakonda kusewera komanso kusewera katola (bweretsani mpira kapena ndodo). Ngati galuyo akuyenda bwino masana, pakutha kwa tsiku amapumula, kukhazikika, kudzipinda pamapazi ake ndikugona. Mtunduwo uli ndi matenda ena amtundu:
- Dysplasia ya malo amchiuno, yang'anani kuyenda, kuyenda kwa galu. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira zakukhazikika kwanyengo komanso zotheka kumva kuwawa - nthawi yomweyo kwa veterinarian.
- Volvulus (kawirikawiri)
- Matupi awo sagwirizana mankhwala.
Mtengo
Musanagule mwana wagalu, funsani obereketsa odalirika, werengani mabuku, pitani kuwonetsero ka galu. Muyenera kugula galu wangwiro m'makola aukadaulo, osati pamsika. Mukamagula mwana wagalu, ganizirani izi:
- Mwana wagalu ayenera kukhala ndi ubweya woyera, wonyezimira, wonunkhira bwino.
- Wosankhidwayo ayenera kukhala wokangalika komanso wokonda kudya.
- Yesani makutu a mwana wanu wamwamuna posiya china cholira kapena chachitsulo pafupi.
- Maso ayenera kukhala oyera komanso owala, mphuno ikhale yonyowa.
- Onetsetsani kuti mukudziwa bwino za makolo anu, zikalatazo zikuwonetsa magawo osiyanasiyana aubwenzi wa makolo. Kuyanjana kwapafupi sikofunika konse.
Mtengo wa English Shepherd zimatengera mzere wapamwamba. Ngati mugula galu kuti achite nawo ziwonetsero ndi mipikisano yosiyanasiyana, mtengo wake ndi zikalata uzikhala pafupifupi $ 1,500. Ngakhale ena "oyera" atha kuwononga "transcendental" ndalama - $ 15,000.
Ndipo ngati mukufuna mnzanu, mnzake, wothandizira komanso woyang'anira - mungapeze mwana wagalu m'khola la madola 700-800. Makalabu ocheperako komanso oweta payekha atha kupempha $ 400-450 kwa mwana wagalu wa miyezi 2-3.
Zosangalatsa
- Agalu abusawa amatha kudabwa ndi chinthu chosowa - amayenda pakati pamitengo. Pakati pa zaka zapitazi, timabuku totsatsa tinatulutsidwa ku USA, pomwe galu wodabwitsayu adawonetsedwa akukwera mumtengo pambuyo pa nyama. Pansi pake panali mawu akuti: "M'busa wachingerezi amatha kutenga chilichonse ndipo aliyense ngakhale atakhala pamtengo."
- Ku Russia ndi mayiko omwe kale anali a CIS, English Shepherd adawonekera kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90 zapitazo, koma sanatchulidwe kwambiri. Sili m'gulu la RKF. Komabe, nazale yoyenerera imapezeka. Mwachitsanzo, ku Moscow, Kiev ndi Minsk.
- Agaluwa sagwirizana ndi mankhwala pazifukwa. Kafukufuku waposachedwa ku Washington State University awonetsa kuti 15% ya agalu onse a English Shepherd atha kukhala ndi vuto la MDR1 gene (membrane protein, glycoprotein). Izi zimabweretsa kuyankha kokwanira pamankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira agalu. Zotsatira zake zitha kukhala kusokonekera kwa kuyenda, kulumikizana, kunjenjemera, kusanza, kusokonezeka, ngakhale kufa kwa nyama. Tsamba losavuta lamsaya liyenera kuyesedwa kuti lisinthe.
- Kuti mumvetse bwino momwe khalidwe la English Shepherd lilili, mutha kukumbukira kanema "Shaggy Fir Trees". Mmodzi mwa ngwazi, galu wa Pirate, akusewera m'malire. Kukhulupirika, kudzipereka, chikondi, luso, kupirira - izi zonse zidachokera ku "Scots" kupita kwa mbadwa zawo, Agalu Achingelezi Achingerezi.
