Scarab kachilomboka yokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha Aigupto, mafarao, miyendo ya mapiramidi ndi mitembo yowopsa. Chizindikiro chake chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu akum'mawa kuyambira kale, pomwe amakhulupirira kuti kuvala chithumwa chowoneka ngati tizilombo kumateteza ku zovuta zonse. Scarab imakopa chidwi osati monga nyama ya totem yokha, komanso ngati gawo la nyama zamtchire zomwe zimakhala ndimakhalidwe ndi moyo.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Scarab ndi ya kagulu kakang'ono ka ndowe, izi ndichifukwa choti kachilomboka kamagudubuza mipira kuchokera ku manyowa ndikuwayendetsa mtunda wautali mpaka itapeza malo oyenera kusungako nyama yake. Mwa njira, tizilombo timagudubuza mpira nthawi zonse mbali imodzi - kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo, monga dzuwa limatulukira ndikulowa.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kachilomboka ku Egypt yolumikizidwa ndi mulungu dzuwa, yemwe pazithunzizo anali ndi thupi laumunthu komanso mutu wamutu. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timatha kukula kwa masentimita 4, koma m'malo ena, anthu amakhala ochepa - mpaka 2 cm.
Thupi la kachilomboka limakhala lokhazikika, lili ndi utoto wakuda kwambiri, m'matumba achichepere limakhala losalala, koma ndi ukalamba limanyezimira. Mutuwo umawonekera kutsogolo ndi maso awiri, wogawika ma lobes awiri awiri, ndi klypeus wokhala ndi mano.
Pa dorsum pali pantereiform elytra, yomwe mapiko ake amatetezedwa ku kutentha ndi kuwonongeka. Chikumbu chimauluka bwino ngakhale nthawi yotentha kwambiri masana ndipo imathamanga mpaka 11 km / h. Mimba ndi miyendo zimakutidwa ndi tsitsi la vellus, lomwe limasiyana mosiyanasiyana amuna ndi akazi - koyambako amakhala ofiira, kumapeto kwake ndi akuda.
Popeza kuti kusiyana kwakugonana sikukukulirakulira mu mtundu uwu wa tizilombo, amasiyanitsidwa kokha ndi kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu ndi gawo lakumbuyo kwakanthawi pang'ono la thupi la akazi. Miyendo itatu ya miyendo Chikumbu cha ku Egypt khalani olimba, ndipo awiri akutsogolo akukumba, komanso ma denticles, omwe amawalola kuti amangirire kumtunda wolimba.
Mitundu
Akatswiri ofufuza tizilombo akuti ndi mitundu yokhayo ya kachilomboka ka Sacred Scarab, komabe, mitundu yoposa 100 ya tizilombo tomwe timasiyanitsidwa, yapatulidwa kukhala banja lapadera la scarabine. Zomwe zimafala kwambiri ndi izi:
- Scarabaeus (Ateuchetus) armeniacus Menetries;
- Scarabaeus (Ateuchetus) cicatricosus;
- Scarabaeus (Ateuchetus) variolosus Fabricius;
- Scarabaeus (Scarabaeus) winkleri Stolfa.
Kuphatikiza pa Opatulika, nthumwi yophunziridwa kwambiri ya scarabs ndi typhon, kukula kwake kumakhala kofatsa (mpaka 3 mm), ndipo utoto wake umakhala wofiirira kuposa wakuda. Kwenikweni, mitundu yonse ya kachilomboka imasiyana m'mithunzi ndi kukula kwake, ndipo imagawika kutengera malo okhala, chifukwa chake samaphunzira pang'ono - ndizovomerezeka kuti alibe kusiyana kwakuthupi, ndipo njira yamoyo ndiyofanana kwa aliyense.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mwachikhalidwe zikuwoneka kuti kachilomboka kamakhala moyo ku Egypt, komabe, yakhazikitsidwa mdziko lonse la Africa komanso ku Western Europe, si zachilendo kukumana ndi tizilombo m'malo amenewa.
Pa chilumba cha Crimea, kachilomboka kamayang'ananso, koma ndi kakang'ono kwambiri kuposa Aiguputo. Mu Russia, scarab ikukhazikika kudera la Dagestan ndi Georgia, anthu ochepa amapezeka kumunsi kwa Volga.
Anthu ena awonedwa ku France, Arabia, Greece ndi Turkey, komwe nyengo yake ndiyabwino komanso chilimwe chimakhala chotalika komanso chotentha.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti asayansi akhala akuyesera kupeza zaluso ku Australia kwazaka zopitilira 20, koma palibe woimira m'modzi yemwe adapezeka, pomwe adazindikira kuti kafadala sakonda kuyandikira kwa kangaroo.
Mutha kuwona scarab kuyambira pakati pa Epulo mpaka nyengo yozizira. Tizilomboto timagwira ntchito masana, koma usiku, ngati sikutenthedwe mokwanira, timaboola pansi kwambiri. Pakatentha masana, kachilomboka kamayamba moyo wakusiku.
Scarab amatchedwa dongo mwadongosolo, chifukwa moyo wake wonse umangoyang'ana zinyalala zanyama. Kumbu zikwi zingapo amatha kutaya mulu wa ndowe mu ola limodzi nthawi isanaume.
Zakudya zabwino
Chinthu chokha, amadya chiyani kachilomboka - manyowa otsala ndi ng'ombe. Atapeza ndowe yatsopano, tizilombo timapanga mpira kuchokera mmenemo, nthawi zambiri kuposa kukula kwake. Pachifukwa ichi, mano omwe ali pamutu amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo miyendo yakutsogolo, yokhala ndi zingwe zakuthwa, imagwira ntchito ngati fosholo.
Maziko a mpira ndi chidutswa cha manyowa ozungulira: chokhacho chimagwira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo ndipo sichimasula kwa iwo mpaka kumapeto kwa mpira. Pambuyo poti maziko ofunikira apezeka, kachilomboka kakhazikika pamwamba ndipo mothandizidwa ndi "zida" zomwe zili kutsogolo kwa thupi zimayamba kupatukana ndi zinthu zochuluka kuchokera ku unyinji wa ndowe, kuzilumikiza zolimba pansi ndikupanga mpira woyenda bwino kwambiri.
Tsopano tizilombo timafunikira kuthamangitsa nyama kuti tibweretse pamalo otetezeka - nthawi zambiri pamakhala ndewu za chakudya chopangidwa kale pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana, kuti muthe kutaya zipatso za ntchito yanu. Chikumbu chimathamangitsa mpirawo pamtunda wamamita angapo, ndipo kutali kwambiri ndi komwe amapangidwira, ndikofunika kuthamanga kwambiri.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti panjira, tizilomboti tating'onoting'ono tikhoza kukhazikika mu manyowa, izi sizidzasokoneza chisokonezo, pokhapokha ngati pali ziphuphu zambiri.
Atapeza malo obisika osungira zinthu, tizilombo timakumba dzenje ndikukwirira mpira wa ndowe. Kwa masiku 10-14 otsatira, malo oyandikira nyamayo amakhala kwawo kwa scarab, chifukwa nthawi yonseyi imakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira. Mpira wotsatira utatha, kuzungulira kumabwerezedwanso.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti mipira ya ndowe imakhala chifukwa chazipanga zopanga awiriawiri: wamwamuna amaphatikizana ndi wamkazi wamkulu, kuphika chakudya, pambuyo pake onse amasungira chakudya cha ana amtsogolo.
Kusunga chakudya, tizilombo tambiri timakumba ngalande yakuya masentimita 10 mpaka 30, m'makoma ake omwe amapumira. Mink kachilomboka kakang'ono pachithunzichi ikufanana ndi chiswe chokhala ndi khomo lalikulu lokwanira kukankhira mipira; anthu amtunduwu amakonda kukumba mu dothi lamchenga.
Chakudya chokwanira chikasungidwa, ma scarabs amaponyera mipira mumtengomo, mkazi amapatsidwa umuna ndi wamwamuna, pambuyo pake mkaziyo amasankha zidutswa zingapo za manyowa okonzeka ndipo, mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yakutsogolo, amapanga tinthu tokhala ngati peyala.
M'mbali yawo yopapatiza, amayala mphutsi imodzi, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 4 mpaka 20 mwa iyo. Kenako kafadala onse amakwirira ana amtsogolo pamodzi ndi chakudya ndikuzisiya kwamuyaya. Awiriwo samapulumuka - kuyambira pamenepo, aliyense payekha amasamalira chakudya chake.
Kusintha kwamoyo kumakhala ndi magawo anayi, popita pomwe anthu atsopano amapangidwa:
1. mazira (yoyimitsidwa ndi wamkazi, imapitilizabe kukhala mu mpira wokhalamo wopangidwa ndi mkazi mpaka masiku 10-12);
2.larva (imawonekera pafupifupi masabata awiri pambuyo pobowola ndipo sasintha kwa mwezi umodzi, kudyetsa zomwe zidasiyidwa ndi makolo);
3. chrysalis (munthawi imeneyi, kachilomboka kakhazikika kale, koma osafulumira kukumba ndikubwera kumtunda, m'malo mwake, kumadzipangira koko wabodza ndipo sikutha kugwira ntchito);
4. scarab wamkulu (amachoka pogona pomwe dothi limafewa ndi mvula yam'masika ndikuyamba kukhalapo ngati wamkulu, kufunafuna chakudya palokha). Moyo wa scarab ndi waufupi ndi miyezo ya tizilombo - zaka ziwiri, nyengo yotentha ndi nyengo yozizira, kachilomboka kamadikirira chisanu, ndikupanga zinthu ndikubisala mumitsinje yakuya, pomwe zochita zake sizichedwa kuchepa, sizibisalira.
Ubwino ndi kuvulaza anthu
Scarab kachilomboka ayi owopsa kwa munthu: saukira kapena kuwononga chakudya kapena mbewu. M'malo mwake, pogwiritsa ntchito zotsalira zachilengedwe, zimathandizira kukhathamiritsa nthaka ndi mchere ndikuletsa kukula kwa majeremusi mwa iwo, osanenapo za fungo la manyowa.
Mipata yomwe tizilombo timakonzekera ana athu imakhala ngati kuwala kwa nthaka, yopereka mpweya ku mizu ya zomera. Aiguputo kachilomboka - chizindikiro, kusunga kulumikizana pakati pa Dzuwa Mulungu ndi anthu. Amakhulupirira kuti kachilomboka kamatsagana ndi munthu padziko lapansi komanso pambuyo pa moyo, kutanthauza kuwala kwa dzuwa mumtima.
Pomwe Aigupto ali moyo, Holy Scarab imakopa mwayi, imapereka moyo wautali komanso kutukuka, imateteza ku mizimu yoyipa ndikubweretsa zokolola zambiri. Pambuyo pa imfa, kachilomboka kamathandiza kupeza moyo watsopano, chifukwa chipembedzo cha Aigupto chimakhazikika pa kusafa kwa mzimu. Ngakhale masiku ano, makamaka okhulupirira ku Egypt adayika chifanizo chazitsulo zopangidwa ndi ziwiya zadothi, chitsulo kapena magalasi pamaliro.
M'nthawi zakale, anthu okhala m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Nailo anali ndi miyambo yolemetsa anthu olemekezeka, pomwepo kachikopa kakang'ono kopangidwa ndi chitsulo chamtengo wapatali komanso chokongoletsedwa ndi miyala kidayikidwa m'malo mwa mtima wotengedwa. Mwambo umalumikizidwa ndikumvetsetsa kuti mtima ndiye gawo lalikulu la moyo wamunthu, chifukwa chake kachilomboka kakale adayitanidwa kuti athandize nyongolosi ya moyo watsopano.
Aigupto amakono, ndikukula kwa sayansi ndi zamankhwala, adayamba kuwona kuti imfa ndi yosapeweka, koma chizindikiro cha scarab sichinathe m'miyoyo yawo. Amakhulupirira kuti zithunzi ndi chifanizo cha kachilomboka kamene kamagudubuza mpira wake kumabweretsa mwayi kwa ophunzira - ndiponsotu, tizilombo ta zinyalala timapanga mawonekedwe abwino, tikugwira ntchito molimbika.
Amathandizira anthu opanga kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo, kupanga ndikusintha zinthu zosavuta kwambiri pakuwona zaluso. Kwa akazi, scarab ndi amene amasunga kukongola kosatha komanso moyo wautali, chifukwa poyamba unkadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro cha moyo.
Kugonana kwamphamvu, kumabweretsa kuzindikira kwa anzako komanso kuchuluka kwachuma. Aigupto amakhulupirira mwamphamvu kuti kuyipitsidwa kwa chizindikiro cha scarab oimira chikhulupiriro china kumatengera mkwiyo wa maulamuliro apamwamba mpaka themberero lakufa.
Chifukwa chiyani scarab ikulota
Maloto nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa munthu kuthana ndi vuto kapena kumuchenjeza za zoopsa. Inde, kachilombo koyera m'maloto kamakhala ndi tanthauzo linalake, lomwe ndilofunika kutanthauzira molondola. Kuti mumvetse chifukwa chiyani kachilomboka kakulota, Ndikofunika kukumbukira tsatanetsatane wa tulo ndikutchula mabuku angapo amaloto:
— Buku loto la Miller: zojambulazo zikuwonekeratu kuti kupambana kungapezeke pokhapokha mutadzipereka pantchitoyo ndikuyesetsa kuti mumalize ntchitoyo;
— Bukhu lamaloto achi Gypsy: Tizilombo timalonjeza zabwino zonse ndipo timavomereza njira yomwe wolotayo wasankha, koma pokhapokha ngati chowombera chowuluka chalota;
— Buku lamaloto akummawa: ngati kachikumbu kanali mkamwa, malotowo amayenera kutanthauziridwa ngati chenjezo lokhudza kusazindikira mawu komanso kusasamala kwa mawu. Muyenera kulingalira musanalankhule zamoto, chifukwa zimatha kubweretsa zovuta;
— Buku loto la Aesop: pezani chovala pakama panu - kuti mupeze bwenzi lokhalokha;
— Buku lamaloto la Asuri: ngati kachilomboka kakuluma maloto, izi zitha kuonedwa ngati chenjezo lokhudzidwa ndi anthu ena pamapeto a wolota. Ngati kuluma kumadutsa osafufuza - palibe choyenera kuwopa, ngati pali phulusa m'malo mwake - zochita za adani zimawabweretsera zomwe akufuna;
— Bukhu lotchuka la maloto: chiwonetsero chachikulu chimalonjeza zinsinsi zosasangalatsa mozungulira munthu amene adalota. Adzawabweretsa pachiwopsezo chaumoyo ndikusokoneza ubale wawo ndi okondedwa;
— Buku lamaloto lamakono: Chimbalangondo chowoneka m'maloto ndi mtsikana chimalonjeza kukwatirana msanga, koma ngati kachilombo kakukwawa, ukwatiwo sukhalitsa.
Ngati m'maloto sikuti sikunali kokhazikika, koma kusunthidwa kapena kulumikizana mwanjira iliyonse ndi wolotayo, izi zimasiya chithunzi pakumasulira kwa malotowo:
- Tizilombo todzaza ndi amber zikutanthauza kuti posachedwa mudzasenza udindo wokhudzidwa ndi munthu wina;
- zodzikongoletsera zamtengo wapatali monga maloto okhwima a chuma chosayembekezereka - kupambana lottery, cholowa kapena mphotho;
- chithunzi cha kachilomboka pazinthu zapakhomo chimalonjeza mgwirizano wamaloto m'moyo wabanja ndikukhazikitsa ubale ndi ana ndi okwatirana;
- kunyansidwa mumaloto a scarab kapena chakudya chake chapadera kumawonetsa kuti kwenikweni mphekesera zosasangalatsa zimafalikira za wolota yemwe angawononge ubale ndi okondedwa;
- kachilomboka kakang'ono m'mbale amachenjeza za kupanga zochitika zofunika, makamaka ndi anthu osatsimikiziridwa: pali kuthekera kwakukulu kotaya ndalama;
- ngati scarab idadutsa mseu kapena inali panjira, padzakhala msonkhano womwe udzakhudze tsogolo la wolotayo.
Scarab, ngakhale amawoneka owopsa komanso mtundu wachisoni, salonjeza mavuto akulu kapena zovuta zamaloto. Mosiyana ndi tizilombo tina tambiri, chimakhala chisonyezero cha kupambana ngati mungayike ndalama kuti muchite bwino.
Zosangalatsa
- Chimbalangondo cha scarab chimaphatikizidwa mu Red Book chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi, chimatetezedwa, ndipo kuwonongedwa kwa omwe akuyimira mitunduyo kuli ndi chindapusa.
- Kudera la Russia, mitundu 8 ya kachilomboka idapezeka, komabe, nkovuta kukumana nawo mumsewu wapakati - amakhala pafupi ndi madera otentha a dziko lathu.
- Dzira loyikidwa ndi scarab lachikazi limatha kufikira 3 cm m'mimba mwake ndikulemera mpaka magalamu awiri, koma ambiri amakhala ochepa.
- Kwa nyengo yachisanu, kachilomboka kamatha kupanga ngalande yozama 2.5 - 3 mita, ndikudzaza pamwamba ndi mipira ya ndowe.
- Kulemera kwa mpira wopangidwa ndi scarab kumatha kufikira magalamu 50 ndi tizilombo tomwe timalemera magalamu 2-4.
- Ma tattoo osonyeza kachilomboka m'masiku akale amawerengedwa kuti ndi chizindikiro cha chiukitsiro, masiku ano amapangidwa kuti akhale olimba mtima komanso olimba kuti akwaniritse cholinga chomwe akufuna.
- Chikumbu chimakhala ndi masaya, chimafotokozedwa pamutu pamadontho ofiira.
- Mwa mazira onse atayikidwa, pamatuluka anthu atsopano, koma pakati pawo pali osakhala athanzi kapena osinthika - chiyembekezo cha moyo wawo sichidutsa miyezi itatu.
- Asayansi aku Australia adabweretsa ziphuphu mdzikolo kanayi mzaka za m'ma 1980, pomwe tizilombo tating'onoting'ono sakanatha kuthana ndi zinyalala za ziweto chifukwa cha kutentha kwachilendo, kafadala adathandizira kuthana ndi vutoli, koma sanaberekane ndipo sanazike mizu kumtunda.
Chifukwa chake, kachilomboka kamadziwika kwambiri osati kokha ngati nthaka yadongosolo komanso yopulumutsa kuzinthu zotsalira, komanso ngati nyama yopatulika. Popita nthawi, chizindikiritso cha Aigupto cha Holy Scarab chidayamba kuwonekera muzikhalidwe zina.
Tizilomboto timawonetsedwa pazinthu zapakhomo, ma tattoo komanso zodzikongoletsera. Amakhulupirira kuti chifanizo cha kachilomboka, chokongoletsedwa bwino ndi miyala komanso chopangidwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, chimabweretsa mwayi komanso kuteteza ku zovuta.
