Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kuchokera pakungomva fungo la mbale zakuda za ma Sea Sea, ambiri amayamba kukodza. Nsombayi ili ndi nyama yofewa, yokoma, yopatsa mafuta, onunkhira komanso yowutsa mudyo yomwe ilibe mafupa ang'onoang'ono osasangalatsa, ngakhale owopsa.
Izi zimapangidwa ndi zamzitini, zophika, zophika, zouma komanso zamchere, ndizokazinga bwino kwambiri komanso ndizofunikira kwambiri mumsuzi wa nsomba. Zochita zomwe zakonzedwa motere zimatha kupatsa matupi athu zinthu zofunika kwambiri.
Ndipo zakudya zoterezi zimalimbikitsidwa ndi madokotala pazovuta zambiri. Koma zachidziwikire, sitikadawona chilichonse chonga ichi, ngakhale m'maloto, pakadapanda a nsomba yakuda ya mackerel, ndiye kuti, osati ayisikilimu kapena zinthu zatsopano zomwe zikupezeka m'masitolo, koma nthumwi yamoyo ya nyama zam'madzi zochokera kubanja la akavalo mackerel, wokhala kunyanja.
Nyamayi ili ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono otetezedwa, thupi lokhalitsa, lomwe limathera kutsogolo ndi mutu wopindika komanso kumbuyo kwambiri. Nthenga zomalizira zimatuluka kumchira ngati mbendera yokhotakhota pamakona atatu okhala ndi mphanda.
Zimakhazikika ngati pamtengo wochepa thupi womwe umachokera msana. Kumbuyo kuli ndi zipsepse ziwiri: kutsogolo pang'ono ndi kumbuyo kwakutali ndi nthenga zofewa. Zipsepse pachifuwa cha nsomba ndizochepa. Mutu wake ndi waukulu; uli ndi maso ozungulira okhala ndi malo akuda mbali zonse ziwiri. Pakamwa pa mackerel wa akavalo ndi wamkulu mokwanira. Msana wake uli ndi imvi-buluu, ndipo mimba yake ndi yopepuka, yasiliva.
Chilengedwe chimateteza nyama izi kuzinyama powakonzekeretsa matupi awo ndi tchire la sawtooth, ndiye kuti, mzere wa minga womwe umayikidwa pamapale amafupa, komanso timizere tiwiri kumapeto kwa mchira. Pafupipafupi, nsomba zimakhala pafupifupi masentimita 25, pomwe kulemera kwawo sikupitilira 500 ga. Komabe, pali zimphona zolemera za kilogalamu, ndipo zolembazo ndi 2 kg.
Mitundu
Mbalame yakuda yakuda yamchere imangoganizira zazing'ono zazing'ono zam'madzi zam'madzi za ku Mediterranean. Ndipo onsewa ndi a mtundu wamahatchi mackerel, omwe akuyimiranso ku Baltic, North ndi nyanja zina, kuphatikiza pa omwe adatchulidwa kale mu dzina la Black ndi Mediterranean, inde. Nsomba zoterezi zimakhala m'madzi a Indian, Pacific, Atlantic, zimapezeka pagombe la Africa, America ndi Australia. Zonsezi, mtundu uwu wagawika mitundu yoposa khumi.
Oimira mtunduwo amatha kusiyanasiyana kukula, kuchuluka ndi kapangidwe ka minga; mawonekedwe a thupi, ngakhale mwa onsewo ndi opanikizika kuchokera mbali; komanso utoto, womwe umayambira imvi-buluu mpaka zoyera zasiliva; akukhalabe m'derali, lomwe nthawi zambiri limadziwika ndi dzina la zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, pali Atlantic, Japan, Peruvia kapena Chile, komanso mackerel wakumwera wamahatchi. Omalizawa amakhala m'madzi ofunda a Australia ndi South America.
Zowona, ndizovuta kukhazikitsa zoletsa pano ndi zoletsa zomveka, chifukwa nsomba zimasambira kulikonse ndipo ndizosatheka kutsatira njira zosamukira kwawo. Ndipo chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, Atlantic mackerel nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'madzi a Black, North kapena Baltic, akusambira pamenepo kuchokera kunyanja.
Ndipo Black Sea horse mackerel imakondanso kuyenda. Amakhulupirira kuti kamodzi, zaka zikwi zingapo zapitazo, nsomba zoterezi zimayendanso kuchokera ku Atlantic. Adalowa Nyanja Yakuda kudzera ku Mediterranean ndikupitilizabe kufalikira.
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mamembala a mtundu wamahatchi mackerel kulinso kukula. Koma apa zonse ndizosavuta, ndipo kudalira koteroko kumawonedwa: malo ocheperako nsomba omwe amakhala, amakhala ocheperako kukula kwake. Oyimira akulu kwambiri amtundu wamahatchi a mackerel, makamaka okhala kunyanja, amatha kulemera makilogalamu 2.8 ndikukula mpaka 70 cm.
Nthawi yapadera kukula kwake kwa nsomba yakuda yamchere Amatha kufika mpaka masentimita 60. Mbalame yamchere yamchere imasiyananso ndi kukoma, chifukwa imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kapangidwe ka madzi omwe amakhala oimira nyama zam'madzi izi.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Zikuwonekeratu kuti malo omwe akavalo a mackerel amatha kukhalapo, kuberekana ndikufalikira ndi madzi amchere am'nyanja ndi nyanja, kupatula madera awo ozizira, chifukwa ndikutentha komwe nsomba iyi imazika mizu bwino kwambiri ndipo imamva bwino.
Koma nthawi zina, madzi amchere amakhala oyenereranso nsomba zoterezi. Izi zimachitika pomwe apaulendo am'madzi amapezeka m'malo omwe mitsinje imadutsa munyanja. Komabe, ngakhale akukhala munyanja zakutchire, mbalame zotchedwa mackerel zimayesetsa kumamatira kumayiko ena, ndikuyandikira m'mbali mwa madzi. Satsikira pansi ndipo samasambira kupitirira 500 m, koma nthawi zambiri samakwera kuposa 5 m.
Anthu oterewa omwe amakhala m'malo amchere amchere amakhala ndi ziweto zambiri, zomwe zimathandizira kugwira kwawo, chifukwa ndiomwe amawedza mwachangu. Tiyenera kuwonjezeranso kuti kuchuluka kwa zolengedwa izi ndizovuta kwambiri kugwidwa kosalamulirika. Kupusa koteroko kumabweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mackerel wamahatchi m'madzi am'nyanja, ndipo njira zobwezeretsera zimapitilira pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zimatenga zaka.
Mbalame yakuda yakuda yamchere (pachithunzichi Mutha kuwona nsomba iyi), kutengera nyengo, amakakamizidwa kusintha moyo wake. Pali nthawi ziwiri zomwe machitidwe a nsomba amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Yoyamba mwa iyo ndi yotentha, ngakhale mutha kungoyitchula motere, chifukwa imatha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi itatu, imayamba mu Epulo ndipo imatha mu Novembala, nthawi zina ngakhale mu Disembala, zimangodalira nyengo ya nyengo. Nthawi yomwe ikunenedwa, madzi akasinja akakhala ofunda, mbalame zotchedwa mackerel zimakwera pamwamba.
Amasuntha mwachangu, amafalikira m'malo awo, amakula mwachangu, amadyetsa kwambiri, ndikuchulukana. M'nyengo yozizira, nsombazi zimachepetsa zochita zake mpaka kuchepa.
Zamoyo zawo zimatha kupirira kuzirala kwakukulu, koma mpaka + 7 ° C. Ndicho chifukwa chake mbalamezi zimakonda kutentha madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Amakhala m'nyengo yozizira komanso mozama, nthawi zambiri amakhala ozungulira ndi magombe.
Zakudya zabwino
Nsomba zoterezi ziyenera kuonedwa kuti ndizodya zonse, ngakhale sizimayesa kukhala nyama yayikulu. Koma ngakhale mizere ya matupi awo imatha kuuza anthu omwe amamvetsetsa kuti nyama izi si maulendowa omwe amakhala pansi pa nyanja, amatsegula pakamwa, ndikuyembekeza kuti chakudyacho chizilumphira chokha. Akufunafuna "chakudya chawo".
Pofunafuna mosalekeza, nsombazi zimasunthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku kuti zipeze malo achonde odzaza ndi chakudya chomwe akufuna. Amakhala makamaka mazira ndi nsomba za nsomba zomwe zimakhala kumtunda kwa madzi: hering'i, tulka, gerbils, sprats, anchovy. Zinyama za mackerel zamahatchi zimatha kukhala nkhanu ndi mbewa, zina zazing'ono zopanda mafupa ndi nkhanu, komanso nsomba zazing'ono monga anchovies.
Koma ngakhale mbalame ya mackerel ndi chilombo, iye nthawi zambiri amakhala mlenje wa alenje akulu kuposa iye, pakati pa oyandikana ndi nyanja. Ndibwino kuti chilengedwe chidasamalira, ndikupatsa minga yammbali. Wina amene akufuna kudya nawo ayenera kusamala kwambiri, apo ayi kuvulala sikungapeweke.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati chilombo chosadziwa chikufuna kumeza nsomba yonseyi, zimamuvuta. Ndipo anthu omwe adadula nkhomaliro asayiwale za chida chobisika cha deta, chowoneka ngati chopanda phindu kwa anthu, zolengedwa zam'nyanja.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Ma mackerel ambiri amahatchi amakonda kukhala malo otentha, motero amakhala moyo wawo m'malo otentha komanso m'madzi pafupi nawo. Pali mwayi woikira mazira chaka chonse. Ndipo m'nyengo, kutentha kumafika pamagawo otentha, ndipo mikhalidwe yabwino imapangidwa, nsombazi zimakonda kusunthira kumeneko kuti ziswane.
Oimira ma subspecies a Nyanja Yakuda ali ndi mwayi wopitiliza mtundu wawo munthawi yoyenera, yomwe imabwera Meyi-Juni. Pakadali pano, ziweto zomwe zidalipo kale zimatha, ndipo zina zimawuka, ndikupanga kutengera mtundu.
Poterepa, zazikazi zimakonda kutsikira m'madzi otsika, pomwe azimuna amakhala pamtunda. Ndipo izi sizimangochitika mwangozi ndipo zili ndi tanthauzo lakuya. Kupatula apo, caviar yomwe idasesedwa kuchokera pansi ndi theka lachikazi ili ndi malo oyandama pamwamba, ndipo imakonzedwa bwino ndi mkaka wobisidwa ndi amuna.
Mackerel wamahatchi pakati pa achibale awo amawerengedwa kuti ndi omwe amakhala ndi mbiri yobereka. Panthawi ina, amatha kuyikira mazira 200 zikwi, omwe amakhala ochulukirapo ndikuyamba kukula mwamatsenga kumtunda kwamadzi. Koma poyamba awa ndimapangidwe ang'onoang'ono, osapitilira millimeter m'mimba mwake.
Tsoka black sea horse mackerel caviar, monga mitundu ina ya nsombazi, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Pofuna kuteteza mwachangu zomwe zimawonekera posachedwa kwa adani, chilengedwe chawapatsa nzeru zodabwitsa. Amathawa pangozi zadziko lapansi pansi pa chipolopolo cha jellyfish, ndikumadziphatika, ngati pansi pa denga la nyumba.
Ana amakula mwachangu, ali ndi chaka chimodzi, mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 12. Pakati pa nthawi yomweyo, nthawi zina pambuyo pake, amatha kubereka ana. Nthawi yonse ya nsombazi ndi zaka 9.
Mtengo
Zakudya za mahatchi a mahatchi zinali zotchuka komanso zokondedwa ndi ambiri zaka makumi angapo zapitazo. Koma kutchuka kwa nsombazi pang'onopang'ono kudazilala, ngakhale mosayenera. Ndipo tsopano simukuzipeza m'masitolo. Koma ngati mukufuna, izi zitha kugulidwabe, makamaka kudzera pa intaneti.
Black Sea hatchi mackerel mtengo pafupifupi 200 rubles. 1 kg. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi mitundu iyi yomwe imaposa kukoma kwa mitundu yam'madzi ya mackerel ya akavalo. Nsomba yokazinga mu ghee ndi masamba mafuta ali ndi chidwi gourmet kutumphuka. Mackerel watsopano wamahatchi amatha kukulunga ndikuyika mu uvuni; simmer, falitsani ndi zidutswa za mkate, kapena mafuta akuya. Mtengo wamahatchi a mackerel wotsika kwambiri ndi wotsika ndipo pafupifupi 80 zikwi zikwi za ruble pa tani.
Kugwira
Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa madzi a Nyanja Yakuda, panali ma mackerels ochepa kwakanthawi. Koma tsopano chilengedwechi chimakhala choyera, ndipo masukulu a nsombazi amapezekanso m'mbali mwa nyanja. Popeza nyama zam'madzi zotere sizimatsika mwakuya, kugwira nsomba yakuda ya mackerel Ndizosavuta kupanga kuchokera m'bwatomo, komanso kwa akatswiri odziwa zambiri - ngakhale kuchokera kunyanja. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti tikwaniritse bwino nkhaniyi, pamafunika maluso akulu kwambiri.
Ndi bwino kusodza m'miyezi yotentha, kuyamba ndi kunyezimira koyamba kwa dzuwa, kapena kulowa panyanja dzuwa litalowa. Ngakhale, makamaka, pali mwayi wogwira nyama zotere nthawi iliyonse. Kutengedwa ndi kusaka kwawo kwa oimira ang'onoang'ono a nyama zam'madzi ndi kufunafuna chakudya, mackerel wamahatchi nthawi zambiri amaiwalika.
Kusambira m'magulu, samatha kuyang'anitsitsa, osawona kuyenda kwa ma yatchi ndi maboti owazungulira, ngakhale kulumpha m'madzi kutentha. Mackerel wamahatchi amaluma makamaka nthawi yophukira, kudziponyera nyambo iliyonse, popeza nyama zoterezi zimakonda kwambiri. Monga nyambo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyongolotsi, zomwe ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa anglers; Komanso ma mussels, ma shrimp owiritsa, ma crustaceans ndi zidutswa za hering'i.
Zida zosiyanasiyana zausodzi ndizoyenera apa: nyumba zoyandama, ndodo zophera nsomba ndi ndodo zopota, komabe zabwino kwambiri ndi chingwe chowongolera, chifukwa, monga akatswiri ananenera, ma mackerel ambiri atha kugwidwa motere.
Popeza nsomba iyi imayenda m'madzi, zida zosalumikiza zomwe zili ndi zingwe zambiri ndizothandiza. Ndipo ochulukirapo, muyenera kusankha ndodo. Kryuchkov pa Mackerel wa Nyanja Yakuda mukasodza ndi ndodo yopota ndi chokulungira, nthawi zambiri zimatenga pafupifupi khumi. Zonsezi ziyenera kukhala zachitsulo chamtengo wapatali chokhala ndi kutalika kwakutali.
Wotchuka posodza nsomba iyi komanso wotchedwa wankhanza. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa zimagwiritsa ntchito snag m'malo mwa nyambo yanthawi zonse. Zitha kukhala zopanda msana, ulusi, zidutswa za ubweya, nthenga, nthawi zambiri zopangidwa mwapadera, zomwe zimawala m'madzi, zimakhala ngati nsomba. Mackerel wa kavalo, oddly mokwanira, nthawi zambiri amatenga zopanda pake izi kwa nyama yake ndipo, chifukwa chachinyengo chabodza chotere, amayamba kukodwa.
Zosangalatsa
Zachidziwikire, pali china chake chowonjezera pazonse zomwe zalembedwa kale. Ndipo chifukwa chake, zina zosangalatsa pamakakoma okoma ndi athanzi adzafotokozedwa pansipa. Zonsezi zimakhudzana ndi kuphika kwake.
- Mackerel wophika wamahatchi, chifukwa cha mafuta ochepa komanso kusowa kwa chakudya munyama, ndiwofunika kwambiri, chifukwa chimawoneka ngati chakudya. Ndibwino kuti odwala matenda ashuga komanso omwe akufuna kuonda;
- Zakudya za nsombazi zimakhala zothandiza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mitsempha yofooka yamafupa ndi matenda a mtima, chithokomiro ndi mitsempha. Chakudya chotere chimayambitsa zochitika muubongo, chimalimbikitsa kukula kwa minofu ndikumapangitsa ntchito zoteteza m'thupi;
- Pokonzekera nsombayi, ndibwino kuti eni ake achotse mutuwo nthawi yomweyo pamodzi ndi mitsempha yoyandikana nayo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndi gawo ili la thupi momwe zinthu zovulaza ndi zinyalala za mafakitale zosungunuka m'madzi am'nyanja zimachuluka. Ndipo sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa zonsezi zimalowa mu nyama za nsomba ndendende kudzera m'mitsempha;
- Kuzifutsa ndi mchere, nsomba zathu zimakhala zofanana ndi nsomba ya mackerel. Koma mosiyana ndi apambuyo, mackerel wamahatchi si wonenepa kwambiri;
- Kuchokera ku mackerel ya akavalo, chifukwa chakusowa kwa mafupa ang'onoang'ono munyama yake, ndizosavuta kupanga nyama yosungunuka. Ndipo ma cutlets odabwitsa amapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo;
- Njira zambiri zokonzera nsomba izi zalembedwa kale. Kuphatikiza apo, zimakhala zokoma kwambiri zikauma. Koma simungadye zopangira zilizonse, chifukwa tizilomboti titha kukhala mkati mwake.
Pamapeto pake, ziyenera kuchenjezedwa kuti ndi bwino kusazunza zilizonse, ngakhale chinthu chamtengo wapatali komanso chothandiza. Ndipo kupitirira malire nthawi zonse kumavulaza thupi. Chifukwa chake, kuti mugwiritse ntchito mackerel, zikhalidwe zake zakhazikitsidwa. Zakudya zotere sizimatha kudya magalamu opitilira 200 patsiku. Ndipo ndalamayi ndiyokwanira kukwaniritsa thupi la munthu ndi michere yothandiza, mavitamini ndi mphamvu.
