Kadzidzi wamfupi - mbalame yolusa, yomwe kuyambira nthawi zakale imawerengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha nzeru, mnzake wa mulungu Veles. Zithunzi za mbalame yodabwitsa iyi zimapezeka pamakobidi achi Greek. Amalodza ndi chinsinsi chake, maso akulu, maso opyoza, mawu osamveka.
Kummawa, oimira mitunduyo anali ndi mantha, anali oyambitsa imfa. Malinga ndi nthano, amakhulupirira kuti wachinyamata adayamba kuwuluka atangotsala ndi makolo ake. Aigupto ndi anthu aku Africa adachiwona ngati chizindikiro cha mdima. Asilavo amakhulupirira kuti kadzidzi anali mthenga wamavuto, amatanthauza kulumikizana ndi magulu amdima.
Maina osasangalatsa amaika munthuyo pamphepete mwa chiwonongeko. Ku Russia, pali buku (buku lofiira la zigawo za Russian Federation), lomwe lili ndi chidziwitso chokhudza kuchuluka kwa oimira zinyama za zigawozi, zowopsa zakutha zikuwonetsedwa. Kuyankha funsolo, zimaganiziridwa kadzidzi wa kanthawi kochepa m'buku lofiira kapena ayi, akatswiri a mbalame ndi asayansi ofufuza amatchula mabuku ndi mabuku ofotokozedwa m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.
M'madera ena aku Asia, Europe ndi America, zimawerengedwa kuti zili pachiwopsezo, ndipo ku Russia ndi gulu lomwe lili ndi chiopsezo chochepa chakutha. Kadzidzi satenga chiwopsezo kwa anthu, zinthu zambiri zimanenedwa molakwika. Mwa nzeru, iye ndi wotsika kwa akhwangwala, mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe ndipo samachita maphunziro.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kadzidzi ndi gulu la mbalame, kuphatikizapo mitundu 220. Ali ndi masomphenya apadera. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zina, maso ali kutsogolo. Mbalameyi imayang'ana bwino mumdima, ndipo imawerengetsa kutalika kwa mtunda womwe uyenera kukwiriridwa ndi chandamale. Zotsalira zoyambirira za mbalame zomwe zimafanana ndi akadzidzi amakono zidapezeka zaka 70 miliyoni zapitazo.
Mbalame za Owl zimakhazikika m'maiko onse padziko lapansi, kupatula ku Antarctica ndi madera ena aku Greenland. Akadzidzi samatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali, chifukwa chake samakhala pazilumba za Pacific Ocean. Mitundu ina imakhala m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, ina - kupitirira Arctic Circle.
M'nkhalango kapena m'chigwa, utoto umayang'aniridwa ndimayendedwe amvi kapena abulauni, m'malo achisanu - opepuka (oyera). Izi zimalola kuti munthuyo asakhale wosawoneka kwa adani ndi ozunzidwa. Kadzidzi wamfupi pachithunzichi zikuwoneka mwachilengedwe, zizindikilo zakunja zimawonetsedwa bwino.
Oyimira onse ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, mafupa. Amasiyana mtundu ndi kukula. Zakudya ndi zizolowezi za mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumwera, pakati komanso kumpoto chakumtunda ndizosiyana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya cha zinyama, zokwawa, tizilombo, mbalame ndi makoswe.
Chosiyana ndi kadzidzi elf. Iye ndi herbivore. Kadzidzi amadya tizilombo. Nthenga zoonda pamapazi, makutu, milomo zimakhala ngati "locator" yomwe kadzidzi amamva kuti ndi oopsa. Kadzidzi ndi wosaka usiku, koma mitundu ina (yamakutu) imadzuka m'mawa m'mawa kapena madzulo.
Mbalameyo imasankha nthawi yosaka, chifukwa chachitetezo. Amaopa kuti adzakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu usiku. Mitundu yaying'ono imakhala motere. Ziwerengero zimatha kuloweza pamsewu, kudziwa komwe zimalowera, kukonzekera ulendo wawo. Nthenga ina imakhala ndi nthenga zofewa.
Mphepete mwake mwa nthenga zouluka zimakhala ndi zosakhazikika (mano) zomwe zimadula mpweya, kutsimikizira kuthawa mwakachetechete. Chosiyana ndi kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga, chomwe sichikhala ndi mapiko ake. Kuuluka kwake kumamveka, koma izi sizisokoneza nsomba zosaka.
Pokhala ndi mayankho pompopompo, kumva kwakuthwa, kuwona kwakuthwa, munthuyo amapeza chakudya mosavuta ndipo amachita bwino ndi nyama yayikulu kuposa iyo. Pokhala opanda mano, imang'amba nsombazo ndi zikhadabo ndi milomo yakuthwa, imadzidyetsa yokha ndi kudyetsa anapiye.
Khosi losinthasintha modabwitsa limalola mbalameyo kutembenuzira mutu wake kwina. Masomphenya a kadzidzi ndi owoneka bwino, malo okhalapo. Amaona ndi maso awiri nthawi imodzi. Ophunzira amatenga kuwala posintha kukula. Maso amakhala okhazikika m'mabowo, okhala ndi mawonekedwe akulu - mpaka madigiri 160.
Kadzidzi amawona bwino patali kwambiri, ndipo pafupi - zithunzi za zinthu ndizosalongosoka. Kwa mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo, masomphenya sindiwo chinthu chachikulu pakusaka. Munthuyo amamva bwino kwambiri.
Iye amasaka, kubisala mu pogona, Mzimuyo malo nyama ndi phokoso. Makutu kuseri kwa chimbale cha nkhope ali ndi mitundu ingapo ya akadzidzi, pomwe enawo mabowo omvera amabisika pansi pa nthenga, zomwe zimawonetsa phokoso. Madzulo, mbalameyo imawoneka bwino.
Mitundu
Ku Europe, mitundu 10 imakhala, ku Russia - 17. Kadzidzi wa Brahmin ndi wa mitundu yaying'ono. Kukula kwake sikokulirapo kuposa nyenyezi. Ikhoza kugwiriridwa ndi m'bale wamkulu. Owl amagwira ntchito madzulo; mbalame zimakonda kudya. Chiwombankhanga chimawoneka ngati mbalame zazikulu. Ndi wamkulu kuposa khwangwala. Grey Owl ndi mtundu wamba wa kadzidzi.
Chachimuna chimalira mofuula. Mkazi amamveka mosiyana kwambiri. Short-eared owl - mbalame, yomwe imadziwika ndi "kuimba". Mwamuna amakhala ndi kulira kwakanthawi pang'ono kuposa wamkazi. Kadzidzi amalankhulana ndi mawu ena. Amayang'ana anzawo, adziwitse amuna ena ndi obwera kuderalo kuti kuli anthu.
Zimamanga zisa m'nyumba za mbalame zina, patsinde la mitengo, udzu, nthaka, m'misasa, m'misasa. Mwachitsanzo, kadzidzi amakhala pansi kapena pathanthwe. Barn owl - pansi pa denga la malo osakhalamo. Short-eared owl - muudzu.
Kadzidzi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri padzikoli. Amasamala kwambiri, ndipo ngati kuli phokoso kwambiri pafupi ndi nyumba yawo, amusiya. Kadzidzi wamng'ono amakhala pafupi ndi anthu. Mfupi yamakungu ndi ya kalasi yamatenda ofunda, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi osiyana - akadzidzi. M'maguluwa muli mabanja awiri akulu:
1. Kadzidzi.
2. Kadzidzi khola.
Kadzidzi. Kugawidwa m'magulu: Eared, Owl, Owl and Scops owl. Nkhungu zazitali komanso zazifupi zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe osiyana. Maso ozungulira achikaso achikaso omwe ali pankhope yamutu. Kadzidzi amasiyana ndi mitundu ina mwa makutu.
Kutseguka kwamakutu ndikokutidwa ndi khungu, lokutidwa ndi nthenga, ndipo kumakhala kofanana. Phokoso silifika khutu lililonse nthawi imodzi. Chithunzicho chikuwerengera mtundawo molondola kwambiri. Kadzidzi amatenga mawu omwe sangapezeke kwa anthu.
Mapiko ataliatali, okutidwa ndi zigawo zingapo za nthenga za terry, amaphimba thupi lonse. Kadzidzi wamfupifupi amasamukira kumadera otentha chaka chilichonse nthawi yophukira. Sanabwerere kumene ankakhala kale. Fungo la mbalame silikula.
Kadzidzi khola. Ziwombankhanga zalembedwa mu Red Book ndipo amakhala ku Krasnoyarsk Territory of Russia. Samanga zisa, amakhala m'ming'alu, pansi pa madenga. Dambo - munthu wosamukasamuka, akuuluka kuchokera kumalo kupita kwina, kufunafuna zinthu zabwino. Nthenga za Kadzidzi Zofupikitsa mdima, mutu ndi wokulirapo kuposa wa kadzidzi.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Nthengayo imakhala yosawonekera, imatha kutayika msipu ndi tchire. Kulemera - mpaka magalamu 500, kutalika - mpaka theka la mita. Kadzidzi wamfupi amakhala mmadera onse, kutengera nyengo.
Imodzi mwa mitundu yambiri ku Russia. Mapiko a mbalameyi ndi ofiira kwambiri, nthenga pamimba zimakhala zotuwa. Mzimayi samasiyana ndi mtundu wamwamuna, koma amamuposa kukula. Mitundu yokha ya akadzidzi omwe amadziwa kupanga zisa zawo.
Amakhala m'minda ndi m'mapiri pafupi ndi dziwe, amakhala kwayokha, awiriawiri, samakhala m'madera. Yaimuna imagwira chisa ndi gawo; imatha kukhala pamalo amodzi moyo wake wonse. Koma akawona zoopsa, amachoka pamalopo osabwereranso.
Akazi samasiyana mosiyanasiyana madera. Amakhala "moyo wosakhazikika", monga akadzidzi a khutu lalitali ndi akadzidzi ofiira. Amasankha malo omwe pali chakudya chochuluka, palibe chowopsa ndipo pamakhala zinthu zabwino pamoyo wawo. Kadzidzi samabwerera kumene ankakhala kale. Kutalika kwapaulendo sikupitilira 100 mita, nthawi zambiri mkati mwa 50 metres.
Zakudya zabwino
Mbalamezi zimasankha malo awo okhalamo, motsogozedwa ndi chitetezo komanso kupezeka kwa chakudya. Kudyetsa kadzidzi wamfupi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, tizilombo, mbalame ndi njoka. Amasaka madzulo, nthawi zambiri masana. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake, mbalameyi sioneka, imaphatikizana ndi mitengo, udzu ndi nthaka.
Amalimbitsa nthambi ndi zikhadabo zake, nkudzibisa kumbuyo. Pansi, nthenga imakhala yosaoneka, motero, nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta pamene ikulima minda. Kuthamanga kwakachetechete ndikochepa, koma kulondola kwakudziwitsa zomwe wozunzidwayo akumulola kumadzipatsa yekha ndikudyetsa ana ake.
Amameza chakudya chathunthu kapena amang'amba. Pambuyo pake, imabwezeretsanso zidutswa zaubweya, mafupa ndi nthenga. Oyang'anira mbalame amayenda mozungulira malo omwe amakhala ndikutolera zotupa, kuti adziwe zakudya. Nzeru zochepa zimalipidwa ndi chibadwa chachilengedwe changwiro.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Mabungwe okwatirana akadzidzi amapanga kamodzi, amakwatirana ikangoyamba chipale kusungunuka. Njira yokha imatha mpaka masekondi 5. Mazira amdima wonyezimira (oyera) amayikidwa ndi mkazi mu chisa chokhala ndi zida. Amapondereza udzu pamalo ena osefukirawo, ndikuupotoza pansi. Pansi pa chisa mulibe pansi.
Munthuyo amaikira mazira kuchuluka kwa zidutswa 6 mpaka 8 pansi. Mwana amawonetsera mpaka masiku 28, mosinthana. Yaimuna imakhudzidwa ndikudyetsa. Pambuyo pa sabata, anapiyewo amakhala ndi ziwalo zowonera komanso zakumva, milomo ndi zikhasu zimada. Fluff generic sichitha. Amakula, m'malo mwake nthenga zosakhwima zoyamba.
Pambuyo pa masabata atatu mwana wa kadzidzi wofupikitsa amasiya chisa, koma samapitilira mamita 15. Makolo amawongolera ndikudyetsa anapiye, nthawi zambiri amathawira kumadambo kukafuna chakudya. Amasinthana kuwunika chitetezo cha ana, ngakhale atakhala pachiwopsezo, amatulutsa mawu achilendo. Mawu a kadzidzi wofinya kwakanthawi kochepa, pakagwa ngozi, amafanana ndi mng'alu.
Amalira mofuula ndikutsanzira kukwapula, kuyesera kuthamangitsa mdani kutali ndi anapiye. Mopanda mantha kadzidzi amamenya chilombo chachikulu kuposa icho. Nthawi zina imatuluka ndikugonjetsa pankhondo yosafanana, kukanda ndikuvulaza mdani ndi zikhadabo ndi milomo yake. Nthawi ya moyo ya munthu ndi yayifupi, pafupifupi zaka 13. Kuopsa kwakukulu kwa mbalame kumayimiriridwa ndi zolusa - nkhandwe, mimbulu, ziwombankhanga, nkhandwe.
Zosangalatsa
Kadzidzi wamfupifupi amawuluka uku ndi uku posaka moyo wabwino. Nthenga zake ndi zakuda, mutu wake ndi wokulirapo kuposa wa khola. Malinga ndi oyang'anira mbalame, makutu amathandizanso kubisala. Mwa nkhope, mutha kudziwa momwe akumvera, kumvetsetsa zomwe munthuyo akufuna.
Ngati nthenga m'makutu zili m'malo otakasuka, kukhala tcheru sikupezeka - kadzidzi saopa chilichonse. Ikakhala tcheru, imakweza nthenga m'makutu ndi madigiri 45. Pazifukwa zabwino, kadzidzi akhoza kukana kusamuka.
Poterepa, kukwatirana kumatha kuchitika m'nyengo yozizira. Oyang'anira mbalame amatchula zovuta kuwerengera mitundu m'derali. Amalemba phokoso (kulira) kwa kadzidzi pachidindo chazomwe amalemba chiwerengero cha omwe amafunsidwa pazomwe zidasindikizidwenso, ndikusintha malo ophunzirira.
Phokoso limene kadzidzi amatulutsa lili ngati hooting. Sakhala kumadera otentha kwambiri, amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi madambo. Kadzidzi ali ndi kapangidwe kosangalatsa ka mawoko. Zikhomera zakuthwa zimakulolani kuti musaphonye wovutikayo, kuti muteteze kwa otsutsa. Kuyenda kwa munthu, mawonekedwe apadera a kuwona ndi kumva, kumatsimikizira kukhala m'madera okhala ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana.
