Chilumba chakutali cha Madagascar, chachinayi chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, kwakhala kwakopeka kwakanthawi oyendetsa sitima ndi asayansi ndi chinsinsi chake komanso chachilendo. Atachoka ku Africa, tsopano ikuwonetsa dziko lapansi malo osungirako zinthu zachilengedwe, omwe akhala akupanga zaka masauzande angapo. Malo achilendowa ndi kwawo kwa nyama zambiri zomwe sizikupezeka ku Africa komweko, komanso kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mmodzi mwa mitundu yomwe imapezeka ku Madagascar ndi fossa... Ndi nyama yolusa kwambiri pachilumbachi yomwe imakhala yolemera mpaka 10 kg. Komabe, pakhoza kukhala nyama zolemera mpaka 12kg. Achibale omwe adatsogolera mtundu uwu ndi ma fossas akuluakulu. Zinali zazikulu kukula. Zizindikiro zina zonse ndizofanana.
Maonekedwe a nyama yosowa kwambiri ndiyodabwitsa. Pakamwa pake kumatikumbutsa puma. Mwa zizoloŵezi zake zosaka zimabwera pafupi kwambiri ndi mphaka. Imayenda mosinthasintha pamitengo ndi meows. Mapazi ndi chikhalira kwathunthu, ngati chimbalangondo. Ngakhale palibe omwe ali pachibale.
Ili ndi thupi lolimba komanso lokhathamira lokhala ndi mphuno yaying'ono, yomwe imakhala ndi tinyanga totalika. Kukula kumayandikira kukula kwa spaniel. Maso ndi akulu komanso ozungulira, okongoletsedwa ndi eyeliner wakuda. Zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala omveka bwino. Makutuwo ndi ozungulira komanso akulu mawonekedwe. Mchira wa nyama ndi wautali ngati thupi. Wophimbidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi komanso lolimba.
Miyendo ndi yayitali, koma nthawi yomweyo yayikulu. Komanso, kutsogolo kumakhala kofupikitsa poyerekeza ndi kumbuyo. Zimathandiza kuwonjezera liwiro lothamanga ndipo nthawi zonse amatuluka opambana pankhondo yakufa. Mapadi a paw alibe tsitsi lililonse. Amayenda mozemba komanso mwachangu kwambiri kotero kuti kumakhala kovuta kuwunika.
Nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiirira, ndipo imasiyana mumithunzi yosiyanasiyana m'litali lonse la thupi. Mutu wamutu, utoto wowala. Nthawi zina pamakhala anthu okhala ndi utoto wonyezimira kumbuyo ndi pamimba. Mdima wakuda ndi wocheperako.
Fossa ili ndi tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono tolumikizana tomwe timatulutsa chinsinsi cha utoto wowala ndi fungo lolimba. Pali malingaliro pakati pa nzika zakomweko kuti amatha kupha omwe amamuzunza. Amuna nthawi zonse amakhala akulu kuposa akazi. Omalizawa amapatsidwa mawonekedwe omwe sangapezekenso munyama iliyonse.
Pakukula kwa kugonana, maliseche achikazi amakhala ofanana ndi achimuna, ndipo madzi amtundu wa lalanje amayambanso kupangidwa. Koma kusinthaku kumazimiririka ndili ndi zaka zinayi, pomwe thupi limalowera ku umuna, motero chilengedwe chimateteza fossa wamkazi kuti asakwere msanga.
Nyama zakula bwino:
- kumva;
- masomphenya;
- mphamvu ya kununkhiza.
Amatha kupanga phokoso mosiyanasiyana - nthawi zina amang'ung'uza, kuwomba kapena kukuwa, posonyeza kuluma kwamphongo. Kukopa anthu ena kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kulira kwakutali komanso kwakutali. Nyama ya chinyama imaonedwa ngati yodyedwa, koma anthu wamba samadya kawirikawiri.
Mitundu
Mpaka posachedwa, nyamayi yodya nyama idasankhidwa ngati mphalapala. Ataphunzira mosamalitsa, adapatsidwa kwa banja la ku Madagascar, owomba nsalu, banja lachifumu. Nyamayi imagwirizana ndi mongoose.
Komabe, ngati mutayang'ana pa chithunzi chosakhalitsandiye mutha kuwona, kuti chinyama chikuwoneka ngati mkango waukazi. Sizodabwitsa kuti Aborigine okhala pachilumbachi amatcha mkango wa Madagascar. Palibe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fossa.
Moyo
Fossa amakhala kokha m'dera lamatchire la chilumbacho, nthawi zina amalowa m'chipululu. Wodya nyama wa Madagascar makamaka amakhala moyo wosungulumwa padziko lapansi, kupatula nyengo yokhwima. Komabe, imatha kukwera mwaluso pamtengo posaka nyama.
Nyamayo imayenda mwachangu, ikumalumpha ngati gologolo kuchoka panthambi ina kupita kunthambi ina. Mchira wakuda wokulirapo umamuthandiza pantchitoyi, yomwe, pamodzi ndi thupi losinthika, ndi balancer. Komanso miyendo yolimba komanso yolimba yomwe ili ndi mafupa osinthasintha komanso zikhadabo zakuthwa.
Wodzikweza samakhala ndi nyumba yokhazikika. Nthawi zambiri fossa amakhala kuphanga, dzenje lokumbidwa kapena pansi pa chitsa chamtengo chakale. Amadziwa bwino gawo lake ndipo salandila alendo. Imaika malo ake mozungulira malo ndi fungo lakupha. Nthawi zina chimakwirira malo mpaka makilomita 15. Nthawi zina, kupumula posaka, imatha kubisala mu mphanda mumtengo kapena dzenje.
Amadziwa kubisala bwino chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, omwe amalola kuti aziphatikizana ndi mtundu wa savannah. Foss nawonso ndi osambira abwino omwe amakola msanga nyama zawo m'madzi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza nyama ndipo zimathandiza kuthawa adani.
Zakudya zabwino
Mwachilengedwe fossa nyama Ndi mlenje wosayerekezereka komanso nyama yolusa yoopsa yomwe imazunza nyama ndi mbalame. Chifukwa cha zibwano zakuthwa ndi nsagwada zamphamvu, zimawachotsa nthawi yomweyo. Posafuna kugawana nawo, nthawi zonse amasaka yekha. Zakudya za nyamayo ndizosiyanasiyana, mwina:
- nguluwe zakutchire;
- mbewa;
- nsomba;
- mandimu;
- mbalame;
- zokwawa.
Wosiririka kwambiri kwa iye ndi lemur. Pali mitundu yoposa 30 ya chilumbachi. Koma, ngati sikutheka kugwira lemur, imatha kudya nyama zazing'ono kapena kugwira tizilombo. Amakondanso kudya nkhuku ndipo nthawi zambiri amabera anthu okhala komweko. Ngati nyamayo ikwanitsa kugwira nyamayo, imamangirira mwamphamvu ndi zikopa zake zakutsogolo ndipo nthawi yomweyo imang'amba kumbuyo kwa mutu wa wovulalayo ndi mano akuthwa, osasiya mpata uliwonse.
Nyama yochenjera nthawi zambiri imamubisalira ikumubisalira, ikumusaka ndikudikirira kwa nthawi yayitali pamalo obisika. Titha kupha mosavuta ndi nyama yolemera yofanana. Ndiwodziwika kuti, chifukwa chakukhumba magazi, nthawi zambiri imapha nyama zambiri kuposa momwe ingadye. Pofuna kuchira pambuyo posaka kotopetsa, fossa imafuna mphindi zochepa.
Iwo ali okonzeka kukhala ndi moyo wokangalika usana ndi usiku. Komabe, amakonda kusaka usiku, ndipo masana kuti apumule kapena kugona m'phanga lobisika m'nkhalango yowirira. Akuyang'ana nyama zawo pachilumba chonse: m'nkhalango zam'malo otentha, tchire, m'minda. Pofunafuna chakudya, amatha kulowa m'chipululu, koma amapewa mapiri.
Kubereka
Nthawi ya matupi a Fossa imayamba kugwa. Pakadali pano, nyamazo zimakhala zaukali komanso zowopsa. Satha kuwunika momwe akuchitira ndipo amatha kuwukira munthu. Nyengo yokhwima isanayambike, yaikazi imatulutsa fungo lamphamvu lamtundu wa fetid lomwe limakopa amuna. Pakadali pano, amatha kuzunguliridwa ndi amuna opitilira anayi.
Makhalidwe amayamba pakati pawo. Amaluma, kumenyanirana, kukuwa ndikupanga mawu owopseza. Mkazi wakhala mumtengo, akuyang'ana ndikudikirira wopambana. Amasankha chilengedwe cholimba kwambiri, koma nthawi zina amatha kusankha amuna angapo.
Wopambana akukwera mumtengo kwa iye. Koma, ngati mwamunayo samazikonda, samulola. Kukweza mchira, kutembenukira kumbuyo, ndi kutuluka kumaliseche ndi chizindikiro chakuti chachikazi chavomereza. Kukhalira ku fossa kumatenga pafupifupi maola atatu ndikuchitika pamtengo. Njira yakukwererana ndiyofanana ndi zochita za agalu: kuluma, kunyambita, kung'ung'udza. Kusiyanitsa ndikuti kwa omaliza kumachitika padziko lapansi.
Nthawi yakubwera kwa mayi m'modzi itatha, akazi ena momwe estrus amatenga malo ake pamtengo. Monga mwalamulo, yamwamuna iliyonse pamakhala zibwenzi zingapo zomwe zingakhale zoyenera kuti akwatirane. Amuna ena amatha kupita okha kukasaka chachikazi.
Masewera okwatirana amatha sabata. Fossa wapakati akufuna malo obisalako kuti azibisala ndipo amabereka ana angapo miyezi itatu kuchokera pathupi. Izi zimachitika nthawi yachisanu (Disembala-Januware).
Iye akuchita nawo kulera okha. Pali ana anayi mpaka mwana mmodzi. Amakhala ofanana ndi tiana ta mphaka: aang'ono, akhungu ndi opanda chochita, okhala ndi thupi lokutidwa bwino. Kulemera pafupifupi 100 magalamu. Mwa oimira ena a mitundu ya civet, mwana m'modzi yekha amabadwa.
Fossa amadyetsa achinyamata mkaka kwa miyezi inayi, ngakhale kuyambira miyezi yoyambirira, nyama imadyetsedwa. Ana amatsegula maso awo m'masabata awiri. Miyezi iwiri amatha kukwera mitengo, ndipo nthawi inayi amayamba kusaka.
Kufikira akalulu atakula, amasaka nyama pamodzi ndi amayi awo, omwe amaphunzitsa anawo kusaka. Pakatha chaka ndi theka, ana a Foss amachoka panyumbapo ndikukhala payokha. Koma atakwanitsa zaka zinayi, amakula. Achichepere, atasiyidwa opanda chitetezo cha amayi, amasakidwa ndi njoka, mbalame zolusa, ndipo nthawi zina ng'ona za ku Nile.
Utali wamoyo
Nthawi yamoyo wanyamayo mwachilengedwe imatha zaka 16 - 20. Nyama yakale kwambiri akuti idamwalira ili ndi zaka 23. Ali mu ukapolo akhoza kukhala zaka 20. Lero pali zotsalira pafupifupi zikwi ziwiri zomwe zatsala pachilumbachi ndipo chiwerengero chawo chikuchepa mwachangu.
Chifukwa chachikulu chothandizira kutsika kwa chiwerengerochi ndi chiwonongeko chosaganizira komanso chowopsa cha anthu. Kuukira kwa chilombo zoweta kumabweretsa chidani kwa anthu akumaloko. Amwenyewo amasonkhana kangapo pachaka kusaka pamodzi ndikuwapha mopanda chifundo. Chifukwa chake, amakwiya chifukwa chakuba ziweto.
Pofuna kukopa nyama yochenjera kuti igwere mumsampha, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito tambala wamoyo womangidwa ndi mwendo. Fossa ili ndi chitetezo chimodzi chokha chotsutsana ndi anthu, ngati kanyimbi - ndege yonunkha. Pansi pa mchira wake pali tiziwalo timene timakhala ndi kamadzimadzi, kamene kamatulutsa fungo lamphamvu.
Zifukwa zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke ndikutenga matenda opatsirana omwe amatha kufalikira pogwiritsa ntchito ziweto. Izi zimawasokoneza. Komanso, nkhalango zikudulidwa komwe ma lemurs amakhala, omwe ndiwo chakudya chachikulu cha zotsalira.
Mapeto
Mpaka pano, fossa amadziwika ngati mtundu womwe uli pangozi ndipo adatchulidwa mu Red Book. Anthu otsalawo alipo pafupifupi 2500. Njira zikuyendetsedwa kuti zisunge kuchuluka kwanyama pachilumbachi.
Zinyama zina padziko lapansi zili ndi nyama yosazolowereka imeneyi. Chifukwa chake, amayesetsa kuteteza nyama zamtunduwu kuti zidzakhale m'tsogolo. Moyo wamndende umasintha zizolowezi ndi chikhalidwe cha chilombocho. Amakhala mwamtendere kwambiri. Komabe, amuna nthawi zina amatha kuchita ndewu ndikuyesera kuluma anthu.
Komabe, m'chilengedwe chokha nyama yapaderayi komanso yachilendo imatha kuwonetsa kupadera kwake. Chifukwa chake, titha kunena motsimikiza kuti fossa ndi madagascar - ndizosagawanika.
