Ngati masana kanyumba kachilimwe kasintha kwambiri: milu ina ya malowa ndi mavesi osamveka awoneka, tchire zingapo zamasamba zatha, ndiye nthawi yoliza alamu. Palibe kukayika kuti mundawo udagonjetsedwa ndi mbewa yamphongo - nyama yochenjera, yodzitamandira yomwe imayesetsa kunyamula mbewu zonse m'matumba ake.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Khoswe wakhungu ndi wa gulu la makoswe. Pakusintha, adazolowera moyo wapansi panthaka, womwe umakhudza mawonekedwe ake:
- ili ndi thupi laling'ono, mpaka 32 cm kutalika;
- kulemera kwake kwa nyama kumatha kufikira 1 kg;
- makutu akusowa;
- zikhasu ndi mchira ndi zazifupi, motero zimakhala zosawoneka;
- thupi liri ndi ubweya wofewa wakuda;
- maso anali atatutumuka ndipo sanathenso kuona. Chifukwa cha khola la khungu, zidakhala zosawoneka kwathunthu.
Akhungu pachithunzichi amawoneka ngati cholengedwa chodabwitsa komanso chamanyazi.
Kodi makoswe amasiyana bwanji ndi mole
Anthu ena molakwika amasokoneza makoswewa ndi timadontho-timadontho, koma izi ndi nyama zosiyana kwambiri. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo:
- Khoswe wakhungu ndi wokulirapo.
- Mole amamanga ngalande zake mothandizidwa ndi zikhomo zake, pomwe chachiwiri sichikukula bwino, amakhala ndi zikhadabo zazing'ono, chifukwa chake imagwira ntchito yomanga chifukwa cha zida zake zakutsogolo.
- Timadontho timadontho timadyetsa tizilombo, pomwe makoswe amakonda mbewu za mizu ndi zimayambira.
Mitundu
Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu ingapo ya makoswe, omwe amasiyana mtundu, kukula ndi malo okhala:
- Khoswe wamba wakhungu kapena South Russia ili ndi utoto wofiirira. Ndizochokera kuzinthu zofala kwambiri. Amakhala m'dera la Moldova, Ukraine, Russia. Khungu lake lofewa layamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malaya aubweya, koma osati pamitundu yayikulu, chifukwa mbewa wamba sizinalembedwebe mu Red Book ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi. Amadziwikanso ndi anthu okhazikika, chifukwa chomwe kuchuluka kwa nyamazi kumasungidwa.
- Makoswe akulu kwambiri - ndiye woyimira wamkulu kwambiri, yemwe kulemera kwake kumafikira kilogalamu. Ili ndi utoto wonyezimira kapena wofiirira. Okalamba ali ndi mawanga oyera pamutu ndi thupi. Mitunduyi imadziwika ndi kubereka kosauka, chifukwa chake imaphatikizidwa mu Red Book of Russia ndi International List of Nature Conservation.
- Malinga ndi chidziwitso chakunja, woimira mchenga amawoneka ngati wachibale wamkulu. Amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango komanso pafupi ndi Dnieper. Nthiti imatetezedwanso.
- Mitundu ya Podolsk ndiyochepa. Ali pafupi kutha, chifukwa chake amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi.
- Mano oyera ndi mbewa yaying'ono kwambiri, yomwe kutalika kwake sikufika masentimita 20. Ili ndi mtundu wofiirira wakuda. Khoswe wakhungu amakhala kudera la Turkey, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece.
- Woimira Bukovinian ndi wosiyana pang'ono ndi mitundu ina pamutu. Mitunduyi imapezeka mdera la mayiko aku Europe.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Banja la makoswe, kutengera malo okhala, ligawika mitundu 4 yomwe imakonda kukhala m'chipululu, nkhalango, steppe ndi kunja kwa nkhalango. Afalikira ku Europe, Asia, Africa. Nyama zimakhala pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse mobisa. Kumeneko amakonzekeretsa labyrinths yathunthu, komwe amakhala omasuka kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti utitiri womwe umawononga mbewa yamtunduwu nawonso udasinthika ndikuwonongeka. Kwa makoswe a mole, dothi lokwanira pang'ono ndiloyenera. Amapewa dothi komanso dothi lamchenga. Makoswe amasankha msipu wokhala ndi zomera zobiriwira. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka makoswe mole m'munda.
Makhalidwe omanga nyumba
Nyama zimatulutsa mabowo awo ndi mano awo. Ngakhale mutu umakhudzidwa ndikupanga labyrinth. Nyamayo imaluma m'nthaka ndi mano ake akutsogolo, imatulutsa nthaka yochulukirapo m'nyumba yake mothandizidwa ndi mutu wake, womwe uli ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi zokumbira. Kusinthidwa ntchito yomanga ndi nsagwada m'munsi. Chifukwa cha minofu, ma incisors amatha kuyenda.
Chifukwa chakukongoletsa, mano akutsogolo adadulidwa, koma amakula msanga, chifukwa chake ntchito yomanga ndiyothandiza kwa wokhala pansi. Anthu omwe amakhala mu ukapolo amavutika kwambiri ndi ma incis. Makoswe a mole samatseka pakamwa pawo chifukwa cha iwo.
Kusinthidwa ntchito yomanga ndi mphuno ya nyama. Imakutidwa ndi khungu la keratinized, lomwe limalepheretsa kuvulala kwamakina pomwe dziko lapansi lang'ambika. Pa hekitala imodzi, mutha kupeza kuchokera kwa anthu awiri mpaka khumi. Nyama mwachangu zimakhazikitsa labyrinths mchaka, ndipo kuyambira chilimwe amakhala ndi moyo wongokhala. Wokhalamo mobisa sagwa mu tulo.
Khoswe wakhungu lofunda Amamanga nyumba zingapo:
- Choyamba chimabwera, chomwe chimakhala pakuya kwa masentimita 20-30. Chimatchedwa chakudya. Nyamayo imasungako nkhokwe zosungilamo.
- Mzere wachiwiri uli pakuya pafupifupi 4 mita. Lili ndi zisa, nthawi yotentha komanso yozizira.
M'nyengo yozizira, labyrinth imatsekedwa ndi dziko lapansi ndipo siyimatseguka kufikira masika atafika. Ngalande imodzi imakhudza malo okwana mita 450. Pali zipinda 10 zosungiramo. Ngati nthaka yayikulu yathiridwa kumtunda, chinyama chimadutsamo. Nthawi zonse imatsekedwa masana. Nyama imayamba kugwira ntchito usiku komanso masana.
Anthu okhala mobisa amakhala moyo wosungulumwa. Amateteza gawo lawo mwakhama kwa anthu ena. Pakachitika nkhondo, mikangano imachitika pakati pa amuna, zomwe zitha kupha mmodzi wa iwo.
Zakudya zabwino
Mbewu zamizu ndizothandiza kwenikweni kwa anthu okhala mobisawa. Amaba alimi mbatata, beet ndi kaloti. Makoswe a mole samakana kuchokera ku zimayambira. Amadya nyemba mosangalala kwambiri.
Omwe amakonda kudzala mabedi amaluwa amatha kuphonya masamba ochepa omwe ali ndi mababu. Zonsezi zimathera m'mabuku azinyama, omwe amadzipangira okha ma kilogalamu khumi m'nyengo yozizira.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Makoswe a mole amakhala zaka 2 mpaka 9. Kutalika kwa moyo kumadalira momwe akukhalira. Kutsegulidwa kwa nthaka, chilala ndi chinyezi chochuluka zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa nyama. Makoswe a mole ali ndi adani ochepa achilengedwe, chifukwa akhala mobisa pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse. Amangosakidwa ndi mphalapala, yomwe imalowa mnyumba zawo. Nyama zazing'ono zikakhazikika kumtunda, zimatha kukhala nkhandwe kapena mbalame zolusa.
Ngakhale amakhala moyo wosungulumwa, makoswe amapanga mabanja nthawi yoswana, yomwe imakhala yamphongo ndi yaikazi iwiri. Anthu omwe amakhala mdera lawo amasonkhana. Amuna amapanga njira mobisa kwa woimira wamkazi, yomwe, nthawi yakunyamula, imapanga mawu ena, ndikumuitanira.
M'banja lotere, ana amatuluka m'modzi m'modzi. Mzimayi mmodzi amabereka chaka choyamba, ndipo winayo chaka chachiwiri. Ana 2-3 amabadwa kuyambira February mpaka Meyi. Mwana wakhanda amabadwa wopanda tsitsi ndipo kulemera kwake kumangofika magalamu 5 okha, koma mwanayo akukula mwachangu.
Achinyamata ali ndi chaka chimodzi, anawo amakhala mokhazikika - atsikana amasunthira kumtunda, ndipo anyamata amakhalabe otsika. Akakhala zaka zitatu, amawerengedwa kuti ndi achikulire ndipo amayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Kuipa kwa makoswe kwa anthu
Chiyanjano pakati pa makoswe ndi anthu sichili bwino. Nyama zimavulaza kanyumba kachilimwe ndipo zimabweretsa zotayika kwa alimi. Nyama imodzi imatha kuwononga zokolola zonse za nyengo. Amapanga masheya akulu m'matumba ake, amaba masamba kwa anthu okhala mchilimwe komanso alimi. Masana, tizilombo timatha kukoka tchire 6 za mizu.
Ma labyrinths omwe amabedwa mobisa amayambitsanso mavuto ambiri. Kanyumba kachilimwe kamene kali ndi milu ya mulu sikhala yokongola kwenikweni. Ataponda njira yapansi panthaka, mutha kugweramo mpaka ku akakolo. Zovuta za ma tunnel zimamvekanso pamisewu yakumunda, yomwe khola lanyama komanso sikudutsa.
Njira zowononga tizilombo
Polimbana ndi makoswe a mole, ziphe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama, zomwe zimapangidwira makoswe ndi timadontho, misampha, misampha ndi amphaka. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa poyizoni kumakhalabe njira yothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi makoswe.
Mankhwala ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kwambiri. Kupatula apo, amatha kukopa ziweto zokonda chidwi kapena zanjala. Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuchuluka kwa kawopsedwe ka mankhwala omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa amatha kulowa m'nthaka ndikupweteketsa mwiniwake.
Mankhwala ndi odziwika kwambiri pakati pa alimi:
- "Brodifan" - mankhwalawa amapezeka ngati madzi. Amapereka nyambo, chifukwa 1 kg mudzafunika 20 g wa Brodifan. Pa tsiku la 4 mutamwa poizoni, makoswe amayamba kumva kuti akumva kubanika. Amatha kubwera pamwamba ndikufa pakapita nthawi.
- "Testoks" imapangidwa ngati ma briquettes ofiira, olemera magalamu 10. Amakhala ndi fungo labwino la mtedza, mpendadzuwa, vanila ndi tchizi. Zochita zake ndizofanana ndi Brodifan. Pa tsiku la 4, nyamazo zimamva kuti zikuzunzika, ndipo patsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi zimamwalira chifukwa cha ziwalo za kupuma.
- Mankhwala "Mkuntho" amadziwika kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri. Linapangidwa ndi kampani yaku Germany BASF. Mankhwalawa amapangidwa ngati ma briquettes abuluu. "Mkuntho" uli ndi fungo lamphamvu lomwe lingakope tizilombo.
Kodi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito misampha
Makoswe amphongo ali ndi luntha kwambiri, chifukwa chake amapewera mosamala misampha ndi mitundu yonse ya misampha. Okalamba amamva zoopsa makamaka. Ndizosatheka kuwakopa mumsampha.
Izi ndizovuta kwambiri ndikuti nyama zimakhala pansi mobisa, pomwe sizingatheke kufikira msampha. Mulimonsemo, muyenera kuyesa ndikupusitsirani. Mwadzidzidzi, wokhala pansi panthaka sadzakhala tcheru ndikugwera mumsampha.
Kuti mupange msampha, muyenera kupeza ngalande yomwe inakumbidwa ndi mbewa ndikukumba dzenje, osachepera mita imodzi kuya. Mole mole makoswe sakonda ma drafti, chifukwa chake amatuluka mdzenje kuti atseke mpikisanowu, ndipamene msampha womwe udayikidwa umakhala wothandiza, womwe, pobisalira, uyenera wokutidwa ndi plywood kuchokera pamwamba.
Makoswe amamva fungo labwino laumunthu, chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyika msamphawo ndi magolovesi. Zonse za kapangidwe kake ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi anyezi, omwe, ndi fungo lawo lakuthwa, adzaposa fungo laumunthu.
Njira zopewera zolimbana
Okonda nyama omwe ali achisoni kuwononga makoswe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopewera. Ngakhale sadzawononga mdani, amatha kuwakakamiza kuti achoke pamalopo. Tizirombo timamva kununkhiza, choncho chidutswa cha nsalu choviikidwa mu palafini kapena mafuta a dizilo chimatha kuponyedwa mdzenje lawo. Anthu okhala mobisa adzawawona ngati owopseza ndikusiya gawolo.
Makoswe amphongo sangayimire fungo la chowawa, elderberry, timbewu tonunkhira, mankhwala akuda ndi mafumu a hazel grouse, omwe ndi fungo losasangalatsa lomwe limachokera ku babu lenilenilo. Mukabzala mbewu zotere patsamba lino, mutha kukhala ndi chiyembekezo kuti mbewa idzadutsa. Makoswe a mole sakonda phokoso lochulukirapo, chifukwa chake mutha kupanga zonyoza ndi manja anu omwe angawathandize kuwachotsa:
- Chidutswa cholimbitsa chimakhomedwa pansi kuti masentimita 40 akhalebe pamtunda.
- Amavala chidebe chopanda kanthu ndikudikirira nyengo yamphepo.
- Kuchokera pamabanki aku banki, iyamba kugunda, ndipo phokoso losasangalatsa lidzafalikira pansi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera kuletsa tizilombo ndizida zapadera zomwe zimatulutsa ma ultrasound. Mukamagula chida chotere, muyenera kumvera mfundo izi:
- Utali wochita. Sizingatheke kusunga tsambalo ndi chida chimodzi. Muyenera kugula ma emitters angapo akupanga.
- Kukhalapo kwa zosintha. Payenera kukhala kuthekera kosintha mafupipafupi. Kupanda kutero, makoswewo azizolowera ndipo adzaleka kudutsa pamalopo.
Ubwino wa zida zotere ndikuti umathamangitsa tizirombo tina. Tsambali lidzakhalabe ndi chitetezo chodalirika.
Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi
Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kuteteza tizilombo ndi ntchito yovuta:
- Muyenera kupeza komwe kuli dzenje la khoswe, ndi kukumba m'malo angapo.
- Bweretsani payipi yodzazidwa ndi madzi ku labyrinth ndikudzaza mavesi onse bwino.
- Nyamayo pamapeto pake imasankha kuchoka mdzenjemo, ndipo apa mutha kuyiphula.
Alenje akunyumba
Mitundu yosaka agalu, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana mobisa, imatha kuthandizira kuwononga makoswe a mole. Ma dachshunds ndi ma spaniel amagwira ntchito bwino pa izi. Ngati mphaka imagwira makoswe, amathanso kuphunzitsidwa kusaka makoswe. Makamaka zikafika paka mayi yemwe amakhala wokonzeka kuchita chilichonse kuteteza ana ake.
Kuti mupeze tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, muyenera kukumba labyrinth, osachepera mita imodzi, kukumba dzenje lina la masentimita 40 pafupi ndi potuluka. Monga mukuwonera, pali njira zambiri zothanirana ndi makoswe a mole. Ena mwa iwo ndianthu, pomwe ena ndi ankhanza.
Ndi chithandizo chawo, mutha kuwononga tizirombo, kapena kuwapangitsa kuti achoke pamalopo. Popeza kuti ali ndi miyendo yopanda bwino, nyama sizingapite patali, koma zimangopita kwa oyandikana nawo. Kumbali imodzi, makoswe amawononga kwambiri malo am'munda, ndipo mbali inayo, adatchulidwa mu Red Book. Chifukwa, momwe mungatulutsire mbewa ya moleKaya amuphe kapena ayi ndi nkhani ya aliyense wokhala mchilimwe.
