Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, tomwe timapezeka ku East Asia tizilombo tomwe timapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tinakula kwambiri ndipo tinayamba ku Russia zaka 5-6 zapitazo. Njira yake kudutsa maiko aku America, ma expanses aku Europe amatsimikizira kulimba kwake, kuthekera kwakukulu kuti azolowere. Marble bug imabweretsa mavuto akulu kwa alimi, okhala m'nyengo yotentha. Kuphunzira kwa tiziromboti kumakulolani kuti muzindikire mdaniyo munthawi yake, kuti muchepetse kutaya mbewu.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kachirombo kakang'ono kokhala ndi thupi lopangidwa ndi chithokomiro kakhoza kuwuluka. Pansi pa carapace yofiirira-imvi pali mapiko akuda ndi mawanga akuda. Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu ndi 12-17 mm. Kusiyanitsa kachilomboka ndi abale ake sikophweka.
Koma mutha kuzindikira mdaniyo ndi mikwingwirima yoyera yoyikidwa pamapazi, tinyanga-tinyanga. Mawanga akuda komanso owala pa carapace amapanga zithunzi zokongola zomwe zimapatsa kachilomboka dzina. Peritoneum ya tizilombo ndi yopepuka. Mukayang'ana mwatcheru, mutha kuwona mawanga abuluu pamutu.
Dzinalo la kachilomboka ndi halyomorpha halys, mtundu wowerengeka ndi kachilombo koyipa ka ku Asia. Dzina losavomerezeka silinaperekedwe mwangozi. Chimbudzicho chimatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa kawiri konse:
- kuti akope amuna kapena akazi anzawo;
- pakagwa ngozi.
Tinyanga tating'onoting'onoting'ono komanso toyera titha kusiyanitsa mosavuta kachilomboka ka nsangalabwi ndi nsikidzi zopanda vuto lililonse.
Zotupitsa zapadera pamimba pamunsi zimadzipezera chinsinsi chapadera kufikira pakufunika. Chonunkhachi chaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazinthu zopumira kwa anthu kuyambira 2017, koma izi sizilepheretsa tizilombo kuti tisakhazikike mnyumba, nyumba zomangirira, malo osungira komwe ali ndi phindu.
Marble bug - tizilombo gulu la hemiptera, ndi tizilombo toononga zomera. Zipangizo zam'kamwa za kachitsamba zimapangidwa mwanjira yoti zitha kuboola chipolopolo chakunja cha zipatso zazomera ndi proboscis yapadera, kuyamwa madziwo, kuyambitsa malovu okhala ndi michere.
Mukadya kachilomboka, chomeracho chimakhala ndi matenda, zovuta zakukula. Malo ophulika amatembenukira wakuda, necrosis yazomera zam'mimba zimayamba chifukwa cha matenda a bakiteriya a mwana wosabadwayo.
Chombo cha marble nchowopsa kubzala zokolola.
Kusintha, kusintha kwamkati mwa zamkati kumakhudza kukoma kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Zipatso zosapsa zimasokonekera, pomwe chitukuko chimasiya, zomwe zimatsalira pamitengo, tchire zimaola.
Pafupifupi zomera zonse zimatha kugwidwa ndi kachilombo koyipa, koma makamaka zipatso, tirigu, mbewu za masamba. Ku Asia, komwe kumakhala kachilomboka ka marble, asayansi awerenga mitengo yoposa 300 yomwe yaukiridwa nayo, kuphatikiza maluwa, zitsamba, ndi mipesa.
Ma Persimmon, ma tangerines akuphwanyika, mtedza wopachikidwa wopanda kanthu, palibe msuzi kapena vinyo omwe angapangidwe kuchokera ku mphesa zowonongedwa. Kutayika komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo tazaulimi kumafikira 40-70% ya zokolola zonse. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwachuma kukufika kwa wamaluwa ndi alimi chifukwa cholephera kugulitsa zipatso za zipatso.
Ku United States, ziwerengero zapachaka zimawonetsa madola mabiliyoni ambiri atayika chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa nsikidzi. Kuwoneka kwa tizilombo m'dera loyandikana ndi Abkhazia, kumadera akumwera kwa dziko lathu, kumabweretsa nkhawa pakati pa anthu.
Ndikosavuta kuzindikira kuwoneka kwa kachilombo m'dimba ndi chinsinsi chake chonunkhira, chokumbutsa kutulutsa kwa skunk kapena ferret. Mwachilengedwe, kuthekera kumeneku kumakhala ngati chitetezo kwa adani omwe amapewa kulumikizana ndi tizilombo tomwe timakhala "onunkhira".
Ngati mutenga kachilombo m'manja mwanu, ndiye kuti fungo lidzakhalabe m'manja mwanu kwa nthawi yayitali. Mwa anthu omwe amakonda kuchita zovuta, chodabwitsachi chimatha kuyambitsa, kuwonjezera pa kusapeza, kuwonetsa kowawa.
Mitundu
Chingwe cha mabulo a Brown ndi mtundu wamtundu umodzi, akatswiri amatha kuzindikira Bugat ya Asiatic mosavuta. Koma m'malo omwe tizilomboto timalamulidwa, pali nsikidzi zina zomwe zimakhala zofanana kukula, mtundu, mawonekedwe, ndipo sizimapweteketsa mbewu zomwe zidalima.
Nkhumba yobiriwira. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafalikira m'madera ambiri. Okhala m'nyengo yachilimwe nthawi zambiri amazipeza m'mitengo ya raspberries, koma scutellor samanyoza mbewu zina. Pofika nthawi yophukira, mithunzi yofiirira imawonekera mu chovala chobiriwira, chofanana ndi mtundu wa tizilomboti. Chingwe cha mtengochi sichidyetsa zipatso zokha, komanso tizilombo tofa.
Nazara ndi wobiriwira. Wokhala m'nkhalango yemwe amasintha mtundu ndi nyengo. Pakugwa, imasandulika kachilombo kachitsamba kofiirira, kosawonekera pakati pa masamba amitundu. Mapiko ang'onoang'ono amakulitsa kutha kuyenda posaka chakudya. Kumakhala madera akuluakulu mdera la Krasnodar.
Chitsamba chachitsulo cha Berry. Thupi lathyathyathya, lokutidwa ndi tsitsi, lofiirira. Mphepete mwa mkombero wokhala ndi mawonekedwe achikuda ndi achikaso amatumphuka m'mphepete mwa mikwingwirima. Maonekedwe onse ndi odyetsa. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa udzu wosatha, namsongole.
Akatswiri samalani ndi zizindikilo zapadera za mlendo wowopsa, momwe ndikosavuta kumuzindikira. Pano nsangalabwi mu chithunzi ikuwonetsa:
- mabala ofiira kumbuyo ndi kumutu;
- kufanana mbale zygomatic, curving mofulumira kutsogolo;
- mtundu wachilendo wa tinyanga: chidutswa chomaliza chomaliza chokhala ndi maziko oyera, ndi chomaliza chokhala ndi maziko oyera okha.
Kuyerekeza mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndi ma scutellids ena kumapewa chisokonezo. Zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka ndi tizilombo pazigawo zonse za chitukuko, koma zimawonetsedwa makamaka kwa akulu, akulu.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Dziko lakwawo la kachilombo ka marble ndi gawo la Southeast Asia (China, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam, mayiko aku Korea Peninsula). Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 90 zapitazo, malowa adakulirakulira kwambiri, adayamba kufalikira zigawo zakumwera kwa Canada, madera ambiri aku America.
Pambuyo pazaka 10, kachilombo ka Asiatic kamapezeka ku Switzerland, New Zealand, England. Pamodzi ndi katundu wa alendo, tizilombo tidasamukira kumadera atsopano, osinthidwa bwino kumeneko.
Kuyambira 2014, tizilomboto tapezeka ku Russia. Kuwonekera koyamba kudalembedwa ku Sochi, Krasnodar Territory. Nyengo yamvula ndi yofunda idathandizira kufalikira kwa kachilomboka ka marble, kuphulika kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi kutayika kwa mbewu kudayamba kulembedwa.
Rosselkhoznadzor amaloledwa kukhazikitsa ziletso pazinthu zodzala ndi nsikidzi zotumizidwa ku Russian Federation, koma sikokwanira kuthana ndi tizilombo paliponse.
Chimbalangondo sichikhala ndi adani achilengedwe chifukwa cha fungo la kachilomboka. M'mayiko aku Asia mokha muli mavu owonongera mazira a nsikidzi. M'madera ena, ankayesa kuti asowe nsikidzi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, koma tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa sitinali tcheru ndi mankhwala. Kulimbana ndi kachilombo ka marble zovuta kwambiri.
Pachithunzicho, mphutsi ndi mawonekedwe a kachilombo ka marble
Tiziromboti timakonda kutentha timagwira mchilimwe, pomwe timadyetsa molimbika ndikuswana. Pakayamba nyengo yozizira, tizilombo timayamba kufunafuna malo okhala nyengo yachisanu.
Magulu akuluakulu a nsikidzi amatchire amapezeka m'misasa, nyumba zakumidzi, ndi nyumba zapadera. Anthu ambiri amadabwa kuopsa kwa kachilombo ka marble ndi chiyani, chifukwa samawopa kokha fungo losasangalatsa, komanso kulumidwa, kufalikira kwa matenda.
Nsikidzi siziluma kawirikawiri, koma zimatha kuwonetsa nkhanza nthawi yoswana, ngakhale kuti proboscis siyimasinthidwa kuti ipyole khungu la munthu. Malo ophulika amakhala ofiira, kuyabwa kumawoneka, zotupa pakhungu, kutupa ndikotheka.
Pofuna kuthetsa zotsatira za kutupa, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsuka malo oluma ndi madzi a sopo, mafuta ozizira. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta apadera a pharmacy motsutsana ndi kulumidwa ndi tizilombo tomwe tili ndi ma antibacterial properties kuti tipewe zovuta zomwe zimachitika.
Atakhala m'ming'alu, mipata yolumikizira, tizilombo timagwira mwamphamvu masana, kusintha kutentha. Nthawi zina kutentha kwa malo okhala anthu kumakopa nsikidzi, zomwe zimakonda kuyatsa nyali, kusanja padenga. Kuukira kumeneku sikupangitsa anthu kukhala osangalala.
Zakudya zabwino
Kusankhika kwa kachilombo ka nsangalabwi mu chakudya ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu ku ulimi. Kukolola kwa mitengo yonse yazipatso ndi minda ina yamaluwa kukuwopsezedwa ndi chiwonongeko. Zipatso zokhala ndi mawanga kuchokera ku nsikidzi zosakuluma ndizosayenera pazakudya, kukonza. Alimi amataya phindu chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chimanga, nyemba, mtedza, mapichesi, maapulo, ma persimmon, mapeyala.
Zipatso sizimangofa zokha, komanso nthawi zambiri chomeracho, chifukwa kachilomboka kamayamwa madziwo kuchokera ku zimayambira ndi masamba. Ku Abkhazia kokha, mitundu 32 ya zomera adawerengedwa yomwe imavulazidwa ndi tizilombo. Wamaluwa adatayika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa raspberries, mabulosi abulu, tsabola wokoma, nkhaka, tomato.
Pazigawo zonse zakukula kwa tizilombo, mphutsi ndi akulu amadyera pazomera zomwezo. Asayansi awona kuti pakalibe mbewu zolimidwa, kachilomboka kamadyetsa namsongole, chifukwa chake njala siziwopseza.
Kuopseza zomera ndi matenda a phytoplasmosis, omwe amanyamulidwa ndi kachilombo ka marble kofiira. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi mawanga pamoto, chikasu cha masamba.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nthawi yoswana ya nsikidzi imayamba chakumapeto kwa Epulo. Mkazi aliyense amabweretsa ana katatu pachaka. Chiwerengero chonse cha mazira omwe amayikidwa nyengo iliyonse ndi zidutswa 250-300.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa kachilombo ka marble kumaphunzira bwino, kutalika kwake ndi miyezi 6-8. Masika, akazi amaikira mazira kumbuyo kwa masamba. Mulu wa mipira yaying'ono imapangidwa, iliyonse yomwe ili pafupifupi 1.5 mm m'mimba mwake. Mtundu wa mazira ndi oyera, achikasu owala, nthawi zina abulauni, ofiira. Masamba omwe clutch yawonekera amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa pakapita nthawi.
Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, mphutsi (nymphs) zimawonekera. Kuphatikiza apo, kukula kwa kachilombo ka marble kumadutsa magawo asanu, mawonekedwe amtundu wina wa scutellids. Pa gawo lililonse, mawonekedwe a mphutsi amasintha. Kapangidwe ka tizilombo wamkulu kamatha masiku 35-45, kutengera kutentha kozungulira.
Kusintha kwa nsikidzi panthawi yakukula ndikusintha kwa mawonekedwe kwakhala kusokeretsa asayansi kwanthawi yayitali - zinali zovuta kudziwa kuti ichi ndi kachilombo kamodzi pamitundumitundu:
Gawo 1 - nymphs zaku lalanje, pafupifupi 2 mm kutalika;
Gawo lachiwiri - mphutsi zamdima zakuda;
Gawo lachitatu - mtundu umakhala wowala, pafupifupi woyera, kutalika ndi 12 mm;
Gawo 4-5 - nthawi yomwe zimatengera kukula ndi mawonekedwe a kachilombo ka munthu wamkulu.
Nthawi ya gawo lililonse pafupifupi sabata. M'nthawi ya nymph, nsikidzi sizingathe kuwuluka, koma pambuyo pake zimatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali othamanga mpaka 3 m / s. Nthawi zambiri nsikidzi zimayenda pa sitima ndi ndege zonyamula zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
Njira zothetsera kachilomboka
Asayansi akuti kuyendetsa bwino kachilomboka kumayamba ndikazindikira msanga. Njira zodzitchinjiriza zimathandizira kuti zokolola zikhale mpaka 45%.
Njira zofala kwambiri zomwe zatsimikizika pochita:
- nyambo za pheromone ndizachilendo misampha ya kachilombo ka marble. Kukopeka ndi fungo, tizilombo timatengeredwa m'mitsuko (mitsuko), yomwe makoma ake amathandizidwa ndi zomatira. Kufikira nsikidzi 600 zimasonkhanitsidwa mumsampha sabata;
- kupopera mbewu mbewu ndi yankho la bowa (mitundu ya Beauveria bassiana). Zotsatira zake, mpaka 60% ya tizirombo ta ma marble timafa;
- kusonkhanitsa tizilombo ndi manja, pambuyo pake kubzala kumathandizidwa ndi mankhwala.
Momwe mungachitire ndi kachilombo ka marble, anthu amasankha pamalingaliro azakugawa kwake. M'nyumba zazing'ono za chilimwe, eni ake amaika mabokosi odzaza ndi manyuzipepala akale ndi makatoni kumapeto kwophukira.
Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito misampha yopangira ma marble.
Nsikidzi zimabisala mwa iwo ndikuyembekeza kuti zitha kugwiranso ntchito. Masango mazana mazana amawotchedwa. Nthawi zina wamaluwa wokonda kuyika amathiramo madzi a sopo pansi pa nyali ya tebulo usiku. Nsikidzi zomwe zasonkhana kuti ziwothe sizingathe kutuluka.
Palibe phindu kuchokera ku kachilombo ka marble. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayimira gulu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe anthu akhala akulimbana nawo kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma pali chidwi chenicheni pa cholengedwa chomwe chimakhazikika kwambiri, chokhoza kusintha momwe zinthu zilili kumayiko osiyanasiyana. Mwa njira, ngati mukufuna poizoni wa nsikidzi, tsamba ili likuthandizani.
