Zolemba Ndi nyama yokongola yolanda nyama. Anthu akhala akudziwa mphakawu kwanthawi yayitali. Ku Igupto wakale, amateteza nyumba ku makoswe. Pazabwino zake, mawonekedwe ake abwino komanso mawonekedwe odziyimira pawokha, Aigupto adapanga nyama yamtundu wopatulika.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mphaka wachitsamba ndi dzina lapakati la serval. Ndi mphamba wochepa thupi. Imalemera kawiri kapena katatu kuposa mphaka woweta: 10-15 kg. Kukula kuchokera pansi mpaka pakamwa pa nyama yayikulu kumafika masentimita 55-60.
Kunja kumakhala mutu wawung'ono, miyendo yayitali ndi mchira wofupikitsa. Ziphuphu ndizofanana kukula kwa mphaka. Zikuwoneka zazikulu chifukwa cha kukula pang'ono kwa mutu.
Zolemba — mphaka wamaso obiriwira, koma pali anthu omwe ali ndi maso abulauni. Masharubu ndi oyera. Chinsinsicho chimapakidwanso utoto woyera. Pali mawanga ndi mikwingwirima pamphumi ndi masaya. Mawanga akuda amabalalika thupi lonse motsutsana ndi golide wachikaso. Mbali yamkati mwa thupi ndi yoyera. Wophimbidwa muubweya wofewa komanso wopepuka kuposa mbali ndi kumbuyo.
Mtundu umatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera biotope, malo okhala. Atumiki omwe amakhala m'malo otseguka amakhala ndi utoto wopepuka, mawanga ambiri. Amphaka omwe amapita kumadera okhala ndi nkhalango amakhala ndi khungu lakuda, malo ocheperako.
M'mapiri a Kenya, pali gulu lapadera la akatswiri - oimba nyimbo. Ndiye kuti, nyama zopentedwa zakuda. Nthawi zina maalubino amabadwa, koma nyama zoterezi zimangokhala mu ukapolo.
Ngakhale kuti ndi ocheperako, serval imamveka mosiyanasiyana. Kulankhula kwa nyama nthawi zambiri kumadziwonekera nthawi yokhwima kapena nthawi yolumikizirana yaikazi ndi mphaka. Mphaka wamtchire, monga woweta woweta, amatha kutchera, purr, purr, kuwonetsa kusakhutira ndi kwake, ndi zina zambiri.
Mitundu
M'zaka za zana la 19 ndi 20, asayansi adatulutsa mitundu iwiri yazitsulo m'gulu lachilengedwe. Gawolo lidachitika pamtundu wa nyama. Amphaka okhala ndi malo osiyana osiyana anaphatikizidwa mu mitundu ya Felis servalina. Eni ake a mawanga ang'onoang'ono ndi Felis ornata.
Mu theka loyambirira la zaka za zana la 20, akatswiri azamoyo adagwirizana kuti kusiyanako sikofunikira. Serval (Leptailurus serval) yakhala mitundu yokhayo pamtundu wa Leptailurus. Koma mwa mitundu ya subspecies 14 idadziwika.
- Cape Serval. Omwe amaphunzira kwambiri za subspecies. Zimapezeka m'malo oyandikana ndi Africa, gombe lakumwera kwa nyanja ya Atlantic. Idatchulidwa ndi mbiri yakale yaku South Africa: Cape. Kuphatikizidwa ndi chilengedwe cha 1776.
- Beir Serval. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka ku Mozambique. Kudziwika kuyambira 1910.
- Chithandizo cha Sahelian, servaline. Kugawidwa ku Africa equator, kuchokera ku Sierra Leone kumadzulo mpaka ku Ethiopia kum'mawa. Poyamba ankaganiza ngati mtundu wodziimira pawokha.
- Ntchito Yaku North Africa. Zakhala zili m'gulu lachilengedwe kuyambira 1780. Zaka 200 pambuyo pake, mu 1980, zidawonekera mu Red Book. Amakhala ndi kusaka m'nkhalango za m'mphepete mwa nyanja za mitsinje ya Morocco ndi Algeria.
- Kutumikira Faradjian. Amadziwika ndi dera la Kongo la Faraji, malo ake okhala. Anatsegulidwa mu 1924.
- Ntchito ya Hamilton. Dera - South Africa, dera lakale la Transvaal. Kuphatikizidwa ndi chilengedwe cha 1931.
- Serval waku Tanzania. Lives in Tanzania, Mozambique, Kenya. Ali ndi utoto wowala. Kudziwika kuyambira 1910.
- Serv wa Kemp kapena Serval waku Uganda. Kumalo otsetsereka a phiri la Elgon. Yoyambitsidwa pakupanga kwachilengedwe mu 1910.
- Serval Kivu. Habitat - Congo, chosowa kwambiri ku Angola. Anatsegulidwa mu 1919.
- Serval waku Angola. Amagawidwa kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Angola. Kudziwika kuyambira 1910,
- Serval waku Botswana. Amagawidwa m'chipululu cha savannah Kalahari, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Botswana. Anatsegulidwa mu 1932.
- Serval Phillips. Malowa ndi chilumba cha Somalia. Anatsegulidwa mu 1914.
- Serval Roberts. Kugawidwa ku South Africa. Mu 1953 adaphatikizidwa mgulu lachilengedwe.
- Servo waku Togo. Miyoyo ndikusaka ku Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Tongo ndi Benin. Kudziwika kuyambira 1893.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Serval sikofalikira ku North Africa. Nthawi zina zimapezeka ku Morocco. Idayambitsidwa ku Tunisia ndi Algeria. Koma sanalandire kugawidwa m'mayikowa. Kufalitsa - malo ouma oyandikana ndi gombe la Mediterranean. Amapewa nkhalango zamvula ndi madera amchipululu.
Malo okhalamo ali kumwera kwa Sahara ku Africa. Kufalitsidwa ku Sahel, savannah biotope yoyandikana ndi Sahara. Ndipo m'malo ambiri kumwera, mpaka ku Cape Peninsula.
Kwa moyo ndi kusaka amakonda malo okhala ndi udzu wapamwamba, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Imasankha, pogona, phula. Zojambulidwa m'nkhalango zam'madzi komanso nkhalango. Zimasinthira mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana. Amapezeka pamapiri a phiri la Kilimanjaro. Malo okwezeka kwambiri omwe adawonekera Wachiafrika msilikali, - 3800 mita pamwamba pa nyanja.
Ntchito zamasamba sizogwirizana ndi nthawi yamasana. Amagwira ntchito usana ndi usiku. Masana otentha okha ndi omwe angamupangitse kuti apume patali mumthunzi. Serval amabisa kwambiri. Ndizosowa kwambiri kuti munthu aziwona.
Amakonda kusungulumwa. Amatsogolera moyo wokhazikika. Amakumana ndi mamembala ena amtunduwu panthawi yokhwima. Chikondi chokha chanthawi yayitali ndi ubale wa mayi wamphaka ndi mphaka.
Serval ndi wolanda nyama. Nyama iliyonse ili ndi malo ake osakira nyama. Makulidwe ake amakhala pakati pa 10 mpaka 30 ma kilomita. Palibe kusunthika kapena kusamuka munyama izi. Kuyenda pofufuza malo atsopano osaka ndikotheka.
Dera latsambali limadalira kuchuluka kwa zopangidwa. Dera limadziwika. Koma nyama zimapewa nkhondo zakumalire. Atumiki amayesetsa kuthetsa vutoli pogwiritsa ntchito zoopseza ndipo osakumana nawo mwachindunji.
Mphaka wa shrub amatha kukhala nyama yolanda nyama zazikulu, ndipo amavutika ndi nyama zodyera: agalu amtchire ndi afisi. Amathawa omenyerawo modumphadumpha, nthawi zambiri amasintha mayendedwe. Amatha kukwera mtengo. Ngakhale njira yopulumutsirayi sigwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Kukwera mitengo si malo olimba a Serval.
Zakudya zabwino
Serval, aka bush bush, ndi wodya nyama. Imasaka makoswe, mbalame zazing'ono, zokwawa. Kuwononga zisa, kumatha kugwira tizilombo tambiri. Iye samanyansidwa ndi achule ndi zina za amphibians. Idya udzu pang'ono. Zimathandizira kukonza chimbudzi ndikuyeretsa m'mimba.
Chinyama chachikulu cha serval ndi nyama zazing'ono zolemera mpaka magalamu 200. Pali 90% ya iwo. Gawo lalikulu kwambiri pakati pa zikho zosaka limakhala ndi makoswe. Pali kuukira nyama zazikulu: hares, antelopes achichepere, ma flamingo.
Pofufuza wovulalayo, a Serval amadalira makamaka pakumva. Kusaka kumakhala ndi magawo awiri. Choyamba, nyamayo imakwera, kenako ndikutsata mwamphamvu. Serval pachithunzichi Nthawi zambiri amatengedwa ndikulumpha.
Amalumpha mpaka 2 mita kutalika mpaka 4 mita kutalika. Ndi wozunzidwayo, ngati mphaka woweta, samasewera. Wogwidwa amaphedwa nthawi yomweyo ndipo amasintha mwachangu kudya. Nthawi yomweyo, ziwalo zamkati ndi nthenga za mbalame sizidya.
Mphaka wamtchire ndi mlenje waluso. Asayansi akuganiza kuti theka la ziwopsezo zake zimathera pogwira nyama. Amphaka amayi amapambana kwambiri. Ndi ofanana ndi 62 peresenti. Mphaka wodyetsa mphaka amapanga ziwopsezo 15-16 patsiku.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Atumiki amakhala akulu azaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Ntchito zobereketsa zimayamba ndi estrus mwa akazi. Zimachitika kamodzi kapena kawiri pachaka. Mkaziyo amayamba kuchita mosakhazikika ndikusiya fungo lake paliponse. Amamenyanso mokweza. Poyang'ana phokoso ndi kununkhira, mphaka amampeza. Palibe miyambo yaukwati. Pambuyo pa msonkhano, awiriwa alumikizidwa.
Pali chochitika chosangalatsa. Ntchito yoberekera yazimayi imagwirizana ndi nthawi yomwe makoswe ena amaswana. Nthawi yomweyo, koyamba kuwonekera mphaka msilikali, pamenepo amabadwa makoswe, omwe nyama zam'mimba zimadyetsa. Kulumikizana kwa njirazi kumathandizira ntchito yodyetsa mbadwa zatsopano.
Pofuna kubereka ana, mkazi amakonza china chake ngati chisa. Awa mwina ndi malo obisika muudzu wamtali, tchire, kapena malo opanda kanthu a nyama ina: nungu, aardvark. Amphaka amaswa masiku 65-70. Wobadwa wakhungu, wopanda thandizo Pambuyo masiku 10-12, ma servic ang'onoang'ono amayamba kuwona.
Amphaka, omwe ali ndi mwezi umodzi, amayamba kudya nyama yaiwisi. Mkaka wa amayi umazilala kumbuyo. Mayi wodyetsa ana amayenera kusaka kwambiri. Zikho zimabwera ndi mayi kubisala. Ana amatchedwa meowing.
Ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kuyamwitsa mkaka kumatha. Achinyamata ogwira ntchito amakhala ndi zibambo zosatha, ndipo amayamba kutsatira amayi awo pakusaka, kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino. Amphaka a chaka chimodzi amadziwika ndi nyama zazikulu ndipo amasiya amayi awo.
Atumiki amakhala kuthengo kwa zaka 10. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, mu ukapolo, nthawi yamoyo imakhala imodzi ndi theka kupitirira kawiri. Mphaka wamphongo amakhala zaka 1-2 kutalika kuposa wamkazi. Kusiyana kumeneku kumasowa nyama zikasungidwa ndikutsekedwa.
Kutumikira kunyumba
Kuyesera kutulutsa antchito kumadziwika kuyambira masiku amipiramidi. Koma mtsogolomo, kulumikizana pakati pa anthu ndi amphaka amtchire kudatayika. Chidwi mu serval chinapezekanso m'zaka za zana la 20. Mwina nyamayo idawoneka koyambirira ngati gwero laubweya wabwino kwambiri. Kachiwiri, monga chiweto.
Ntchito yayikulu pakuswana ndikupeza mtundu wa Serval yakhala ikuchokera kwa obereketsa ku United States. Kuyeserera kambiri kwachitika kuti kuberekako mtundu wosakanizidwa. Ngakhale serval momwe imapangidwira ndiyabwino kusamalira nyumba.
Atumiki tsopano ndi ziweto zodziwika bwino. Mamembala oyera samayesedwa kuti ndi amphaka. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, mphaka wosakanizidwa ndi mphaka wa ku Siamese anafalikira. Anaitcha dzina lake savannah. Mphaka adalembetsedwa ngati mtundu wosiyana ndi International Cat Association mu 2001. Mu 2012, bungweli lidazindikira mtundu uwu ngati ngwazi.
Tsopano itha kuwonetsa ndikupikisana pamlingo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Mtunduwo, womwe umakhala pamtanda pakati pa katsabola ndi mphaka wamfupi, udawonekera nthawi yomweyo savanna. Mtunduwo unkatchedwa Serengeti. Amadziwika kuti ndi odziyimira pawokha.
Ma hybridi awiriwa ndiotchuka kwambiri ndi ochita zokomera chifukwa chake obereketsa. Malo oberekera ndi USA. Eni amphaka amakopeka ndi mikhalidwe yomwe adalandira kuchokera kwa omwe adayambitsa mitundu - Serval.
- Kukongola, chisomo ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba.
- Waubwenzi ndi wofatsa, ngati mphaka wamba.
- Kukhulupirika kwa agalu kwa eni ake.
- Mawilo achangu komanso kupepuka pa nthawi yamaphunziro.
- Thanzi labwino.
Nyumba yosungira alibe zabwino zokha. Pali zopinga chifukwa chake mutha kukana kuyang'anira chiweto chapamwamba.
- Malingaliro a nyama akuphatikizidwa ndi kuchenjera ndi kuumitsa.
- Mwana aliyense wanyumba ang'onoang'ono akhoza kugwidwa ndi msungwanayo.
- Zolakalaka zoyenda, kudumpha, kukwera ndizokwera kuposa amphaka wamba.
- Gawo lomwe nyamayo limawona kuti ndi lake limatha kudziwika.
- Mtengo wa antchito owetedwa ndi okwera kwambiri.
Ma Servals, savanna ndi serengeti amasungidwa mnyumba mofanana ndi amphaka wamba. Amafuna chisamaliro chimodzimodzi, malo ochulukirapo komanso malingaliro ocheperako pazanyumba zowonongeka.
Kudyetsa anthu ogwira ntchito zapakhomo si vuto lalikulu. Nyama yaiwisi ndi mafupa ndiye maziko a chakudyacho. Ng'ombe, nkhuku, zophika zimachita. Vitamini ndi kufufuza zinthu zowonjezera amafunika. Kusintha kwa chakudya chouma ndikotheka. Poterepa, ndibwino kukaonana ndi veterinarian.
Kuwunika thanzi la nyama ndikofunikira: muyenera katemera wa panthawi yake, kuwunika momwe nyama ilili komanso momwe imakhalira, mukakhala ndi nkhawa, funsani veterinarian.
Nthawi zambiri, amphaka amasungidwa ngati anzawo osati monga opanga. Chifukwa chake kuti zikhale zosavuta Chisamaliro cha Serval, ndi bwino kutseketsa nyama. Ntchito yosavuta iyi ya amphaka imachitika ali ndi miyezi 7. Amphaka amayendetsedwa ali ndi chaka chimodzi.
Mtengo wamtengo
Mtengo wamtengocholinga okhutira kunyumba ndi mkulu ndithu. Kwa osakanizidwa oyamba, obereketsa amafunsira ndalama zofanana ndi € 10,000, ndiye kuti, pafupifupi 700,000 rubles. Kusankha kogula nyama yokongola kwa ma ruble 10,000 ndikotheka, ngakhale kulumikizana kwakutali ndi servic wamtchire.
