Goby - dzinali limagwirizanitsa banja lonse la nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray. Mulinso mitundu yoposa 2000. Nsombazi zimathera moyo wawo m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Amadyetsa ndikuswana pafupi ndi pansi.
Imodzi mwa nsomba zochepa zomwe zipilala zamangidwa. Ku Ukraine, mumzinda wa Berdyansk, pa Primorskaya Square, pali chosema "The Bread-goby". Zimatikumbutsa kuti munthawi zovuta nsomba imeneyi inalola kuti anthu apulumuke. Ku Russia, mumzinda wa Yeysk, pa Mira Street, pali chifanizo chomwe chidalembedwa kuti ng'ombe ndi mfumu ya Nyanja ya Azov.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Gawo lalikulu la morphological lomwe limagwirizanitsa gobies ndi sucker. Ili pambali yamkati mwa thupi. Anapanga chifukwa cha maphatikizidwe a m'chiuno zipsepse. Amagwiritsa ntchito zomata za nsomba pamiyala, miyala yamiyala, pansi pamunsi. Amasunga nsomba pamalo oimikapo magalimoto ngakhale ali ndi zochuluka kwambiri.
Gobies ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Koma pali mitundu yabwino kwambiri. Ng'ombe yayikulu-mtedza umakula mpaka masentimita 30-35. Zolemba zina zimakhala ndi mita 0.5. Mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri ndi Trimmatom nanus. Ikhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zazing'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi. Silipitilira 1 cm.
Izi zimakhala kumadzulo kwa Pacific komanso m'mapiri am'madzi a Indian Ocean. Pakuya kwa 5 mpaka 30 mita. Mpaka 2004, imadziwika kuti ndi nyama yaying'ono kwambiri yazinyama. Zofufuza zaposachedwa ndi akatswiri azamoyo zamukakamiza kupita kumalo achitatu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mkazi amatha kubadwanso wamwamuna
Kachiwiri panali nsomba zamakorali Schindleria brevipinguis. Carp wa 7.9 mm, wofalikira ku Indonesia, akuti ndiye woyamba pamndandandawu. Dzina lake ndi Paedocypris progenetica.
Ngakhale kukula kwakukula, kuchuluka kwa ma gobies onse ndikofanana. Mutu wa nsombayo ndi wokulirapo, wofewa pang'ono pamwamba ndi pansipa. Pakamwa pakamwa pakamwa pake pamakhala pamutu wonse, pamwamba pake pali maso akulu. Gawo loyamba la thupi ndilopanda ntchito. Mimba imatchingika pang'ono.
Nsomba zili ndi zipsepse ziwiri zakumbuyo. Magetsi oyamba ndi ovuta, achiwiri ofewa. Zipsepse za pectoral ndizamphamvu. Zoyenda (m'mimba) zimapanga woyamwa. Kumapeto kwa kumatako ndi chimodzi. Mchira umatha ndi chimbudzi chomaliza chopanda ma lobes.
Kukula ndi mawonekedwe amthupi samapereka chidziwitso chathunthu momwe angachitire momwe nsomba yofiirira imawonekera. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu yamtundu uliwonse ndikofunikira. Moti zimakhala zovuta kukhulupirira kuti nsombazi ndi za banja limodzi. Izi ndizowona makamaka pamitundu yam'malo otentha.
Mitundu
Mitundu yonse ya nsomba imagawidwa m'ndandanda ya Fish of the World. Kope lachisanu lidasindikizidwa mu 2016, lolembedwa ndi Joseph S. Nelson. Maubale amachitidwe mu banja la goby asintha kwambiri. Mwa kuchuluka kwa mitundu yonse ya zinthu, akhoza kudziwika ndi gobies omwe amakhala mdera la Ponto-Caspian. Zina mwa izo ndi mitundu yamalonda.
- Kuzungulira mozungulira.
The goby ndi sing'anga kukula. Amuna mpaka masentimita 15, akazi mpaka masentimita 20. Imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri m'nyanja ya Azov pankhani ya usodzi wamalonda. Amuna ambiri amafa atangobereka kumene, ali ndi zaka ziwiri. Zazimayi zimatha kubala kangapo ndikukhala zaka zisanu.
Imalekerera madzi amchere komanso abwino, chifukwa chake imapezeka osati mu Nyanja Yakuda, Azov ndi Caspian. Itha kukwera m'mbali mwa mitsinje ikudutsa kulowa mpaka m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia. Pankhaniyi, imadziwonetsera ngati mtsinje goby.
- Mchenga goby.
Msinkhu wa nsombayi ndi masentimita 12. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri imafikira masentimita 20. Monga momwe mitengo yozungulira yasinthira kukhala madzi abwino. Kuchokera ku Nyanja Yakuda imafalikira pamitsinje ya Ukraine, Belarus ndi Russia. M'malo osungira madzi oyera, nsomba zimapezeka nthawi yomweyo rotan ndi goby... Nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ofanana thupi. Koma nsomba ndi abale akutali, amachokera m'mabanja osiyanasiyana.
- Wolemba Shirman.
Amakhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda, ku Dniester, kumunsi kwenikweni kwa Danube, ku Nyanja ya Azov. Imabala, monga zina za gobies, mchaka. Mkazi amaikira mazira zikwi zingapo. Makulitsidwewo amakhala milungu iwiri. Aswa mwachangu mpaka 7 mm kutalika. Atabadwa, amagwera pansi. Patapita masiku angapo, iwo anayamba kukhala moyo wokangalika wa chilombo. Amadya nyama zonse, zoyenerera kukula kwake. Makamaka plankton. Mitundu yofananira, mwachitsanzo, gobies zozungulira, amadya.
- Kulankhula kwa Martovik.
Wokhala ku Azov ndi Nyanja Yakuda. Imasamutsa madzi amchere osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza madzi abwino. Amalowa m'mitsinje. Nsomba zazikulu zokwanira. Kutalika mpaka 35 cm mpaka 600 g kulemera. Chiwonongeko. Makhalidwe oyenera: zolengedwa zilizonse zopezeka pansi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. M'mwezi wa Marichi, asodzi odziwika mu Nyanja ya Azov amakumana ndi mitunduyi nthawi zambiri kuposa ena a gobies. Chifukwa chake dzinali - martovik.
Pamodzi ndi mitundu yamalonda, ma gobies ndiosangalatsa - okhala kunyanja, m'mphepete mwa nyanja zam'madzi. Odziwika bwino kwa akatswiri amadzi a ku Valenciennea. izo kunyamuka panyanja malkia. Amatchedwa dzina lachifalansa cha ku France Achille Valenciennes, yemwe amakhala m'zaka za zana la 19. Ndi mtundu wonse. Zimaphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi 20. Odziwika kwambiri ndi anayi.
- Gby wamutu wagolide.
- Mawonekedwe ofiira ofiira.
- Pearl goby.
- Njira ziwiri.
Nsombazi nthawi zonse zimakumba pansi. Amatchedwa "kubowola ng'ombe". Ali ndi njira yosavuta yopezera zakudya. A Gobies amagwira nthaka ndi pakamwa pawo. Mothandizidwa ndi zosefera zopingasa zomwe zili mkamwa, gawo lapansi limachotsedwa. Mchenga, timiyala, zinyalala zimatayidwa kunja kudzera mumiyendo. Chilichonse chomwe chingakhale ndi tanthauzo la thanzi chimadyedwa. Kuphatikiza pa chikhalidwe chawo, akatswiri am'madzi amayamikira mawonekedwe okongola mu gobies.
Chokopa chapadera ndi Rainford goby kapena Amblygobius rainfordi. Izi zokongola pang'ono nsomba, goby pa chithunzi othandiza kwambiri. Idagulitsidwa kwambiri mu 1990. Ndi kutchuka kwa malo okhala m'madzi am'madzi. Mwachilengedwe, sichimasonkhana m'magulu kapena gulu, imakonda kusungulumwa. Mu aquarium, mwina sizingagwirizane ndi ena onga iwo.
Chodabwitsa kwambiri chokhudza dracula goby ndi dzina. Chifukwa chomwe Stonogobiops dracula, wokhala ku Seychelles ndi Maldives, adapeza dzina ili ndizovuta kunena. Nsomba yaying'ono yamizere imakhala limodzi mumtsinje womwewo ndi nkhanu. Mwinanso, mawonekedwe amodzimodzi a goby ndi shrimp kuchokera mumtsinjewo adachita chidwi ndi omwe adazipeza.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
A Gobies amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Amakonda malo otentha komanso malo ozizira. Amasinthira kukhala amchere, amchere pang'ono komanso madzi amadzi.Madzi abwino a goby amakhala m'mitsinje, m'madamu okumbika. madambo a mangrove, pansi pagombe la nyanja. Mitundu ina imakhala kumalo otsika a mitsinje, kumene madzi amakhala ndi mchere wosiyanasiyana. 35% ya chiwerengerochi ndi anthu okhala m'matanthwe a coral.
Pali mitundu ya nsomba yomwe idachita bwino kwambiri miyoyo yawo. Awa ndi ma gobies a shrimp. Adalowa mgwirizanowu ndi zamoyo zina zam'madzi. Pindulani pokhala limodzi ndi nkhono, zomwe sizinakhalebe zotayika.
Amamanga dzenje loti azibisalamo ndipo amakhala ndi malo okwanira ng'ombe imodzi kapena ziwiri. Gby, akugwiritsa ntchito maso abwino, amachenjeza nkhanu zoopsa. Izi zimathandizanso kuti nyumba zonse zizikhala bwino. Ma Gobies samangokhala mumtsinje momwemo, komanso amaswana.
Chitsanzo china cha kudaliranaku ndi njira yamoyo wa gobies wa neon. Amagwira ntchito mwadongosolo: amatsuka thupi, matumbo ndi milomo yayikulu, kuphatikiza nsomba zowononga. Kukhazikika kwa ma goon a neon akusandutsa malo ochotsera tizirombo. Lamulo loti nsomba yayikulu yodya yaying'ono siligwira ntchito m'malo aukhondo.
Zakudya zabwino
Gobies ndi nyama zokhala nyama ndi mitsinje. Amalandira gawo lalikulu la chakudya chawo pofufuza nyanja kapena mtsinje. M'madzi apansi-pansi, amadzaza ndi zooplankton. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizira mphutsi za nsomba ndi tizilombo tina, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga amphipods, gastropods.
Ndikuwoneka ngati akuchedwa nsomba za goby amalimbana bwino ndi achibale ang'onoang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, imadya mazira ndi mwachangu za nsomba zina. Koma chilakolako cha gobies sichimabweretsa kuchepa kwa nsomba zoyandikana nawo.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kutentha mitundu ya goby ya nsomba osatsatira nyengo yokhazikika mukamaswana. M'madera omwe nyengo imakhala yotentha, zonse ndizotsimikizika. Nyengo yakukhwima imayamba nthawi yachilimwe ndipo imatha kupitilira chilimwe chonse.
Mwamuna amakonzekera malo ogona. Itha kukhala bowo, lakuya litakonzedwa ndi zinyalala, kusiyana pakati pa miyala. Makoma ndi kudenga kwachisa ziyenera kukhala zosalala. Mwamuna ndiye amachititsa izi. Pambuyo pa ntchito yokonzekera, kukwatira kumachitika. Asanabereke, mkazi amakhazikika m'chisa: amachisiya ndikukhazikikanso.
Kuswana kumachitika masana. Kholo limamata bwinobwino, mofananamo kumata mazira amene aonekera pamakoma ndi kudenga kwa pogona, kenako nkusiya. Amuna amalowa. Ntchito yake ndikupanga kuzungulira kwa madzi ndi zipsepse zake, potero amapatsa mazira mpweya. Kuphatikiza apo, amateteza ng'ombe zamtsogolo.
Pafupifupi sabata imodzi imafunika kuti zipse caviar. Mwachangu omwe amawoneka amayamba kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Ma plankton apansi amakhala chakudya chawo, ndipo ndere, miyala, matanthwe amakhala chitetezo chawo.
Ng'ombe zazing'ono, ngati zachita bwino, zaka ziwiri zitha kubereka ana awo. Kutalika kwa nsombazi kuyambira zaka 2 mpaka 5. Kwa mitundu ina, makamaka yamphongo, pali mwayi umodzi wokha wobereka ana. Pambuyo pobereka koyamba, amafa.
Asayansi awonetsa kuthekera kodabwitsa m'mitundu ingapo yam'malo otentha. Amatha kusintha jenda. Kusintha kotereku ndimikhalidwe ya nsomba za Сoryphopterus personatus. Akazi amatha kubadwanso amuna. Pali lingaliro loti kuthekera kwakusintha amuna kukhala akazi. Zoyipa za mtundu wa Paragobiodon zikukayikiridwa ndi izi.
Mtengo
Ng'ombeyo imagulitsidwa m'magulu awiri. Choyamba, ndi chakudya. Azov goby nsomba, kuzizira, kuzizira pafupifupi pafupifupi 160-200 rubles pa kilogalamu. Gby yodziwika bwino mu phwetekere imangogula ma ruble 50-60 okha pachikho chilichonse.
Kachiwiri, ma gobies amagulitsidwa kuti azisungidwa m'madzi. Mitengo ya okhala kumadera otentha ndi osiyana kwambiri. Kuyambira ma ruble 300 mpaka 3000 amodzi. Koma nthawi yomweyo ndi nsombazo, ndiyofunika kusunga chakudya chawo.
Kugwira ng'ombe yamphongo
Mitundu yochepa ya nsombazi ndi zinthu zamalonda. Koma anthu opitilira muyeso amakhudza zotsatira zakusodza kwamalonda. Goby — nsomba, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pazakudya zam'madzi ena am'nyanja: cod, bass sea, flounder.
Kugwira zigoba ndichimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za asodzi a ku Nyanja Yakuda ndi Azov. Amatchuka kwambiri ndi asodzi omwe amakhala ku Caspian. Izi ndizosavuta. Nthawi zambiri iyi ndi ndodo yoyandama kapena donk.
Chachikulu ndichakuti nyambo imagwera pansi momasuka. Zidutswa za mnofu wa nsomba, mphutsi, mphutsi zimatha kukhala nyambo. Usodzi wopambana, makamaka koyambirira, umatheka pokhapokha atakambirana ndi katswiri wakomweko.
Kusodza kwamalonda kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito maukonde, maukonde okhazikika. Zingwe zamtundu wa peremet ndizofala kwambiri kuti mupeze nsomba zowononga, za benthic. Kuchuluka kwa mafakitale opangidwa ndi mafakitale ku Russia sikofunikira, sikuphatikizidwa ndi ziwerengero za Federal Agency for Fishery.
Mitundu yam'malo otentha yatenga nawo gawo mu bizinesi yosodza mwanjira ina: yakhala yokhazikika m'madzi am'nyumba. Zotchuka kwambiri kotero kuti zimagwidwa, zakula ndikugulitsa pamalonda.
