Partridge ndi mbalame yomwe sakonda kuuluka
Partridge - mbalame yodziwika bwino. Dzinalo m'zilankhulo zonse zachi Slavic limatanthauza mbalame yomwe imawoneka ngati nkhuku. Amakhala ku Eurasia ndipo adabweretsedwa ku America. Alenje adasamalira kusamutsira mbalameyi ku kontinentiyi ya America. Ndiwo omwe amawonetsa chidwi chowonjezera pa mbalame yosadabwitsayi.
Chikhalidwe cha padziko lonse sichinapulumutse Partridge. Nthano yakale yachi Greek imafotokoza zakusavomerezeka kwa wopanga mapulani Daedalus. Iye anaponya wophunzira yemwe anamuposa iye luso kuchokera kuphompho. Koma mnyamatayo sanafe. Athena adamusandutsa bwato. Kukumbukira kugwa uku, ma partridge samakonda kuuluka mokwera ndikukhala pansi nthawi zambiri.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Njira yosavuta yofotokozera Partridge ndi nkhuku yaying'ono yokhala ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana. Kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 500-700, ndipo kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita 40. Thupi lozungulira limasungidwa ndi miyendo yolimba. Amuna ndi akazi alibe zotumphukira pamapazi awo.
Mitundu yonse yamitundu imadalira malo okhalamo ndipo imatha kukhala yofiirira, yofiirira, yofiira, pafupifupi yoyera. Chivundikiro cha nthenga ndi chosakanikirana, pali mizere yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu. Mitundu ya mbalameyi ikuwonetsa kuti njira yayikulu yodzitchinjiriza ndi kubisa.
Mbalamezi zimasungunuka chaka chilichonse. Izi zimachitika pakati pa chilimwe. Akazi molt ataswa. Nthenga zazikulu kwambiri zouluka zimayamba kugwa koyamba. Pakutha nyengo yotentha, nthenga zazikuluzikulu zimakhala zatsopano. M'dzinja pamabwera kusintha kwa nthenga. Molt imatha kumayambiriro kwa dzinja.
Kusiyanitsa kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kwamtundu kuli alireza... Chivundikiro chachisanu ndi choyera. Kupatula nthenga zina za mchira. Ndi akuda. Nthawi yotsalayo - yofiirira, yofiira, yokhala ndi thupi loyera loyera.
Ma dimorphism azakugonana amadziwonetsera kukula kwa mbalameyo: amuna amakhala okulirapo. Tambala ali ndi nthenga yowala pang'ono. Kunja, mbalame za amuna ndi akazi ndizofanana kotero kuti ndi katswiri yekhayo amene angazindikire kuti ndi uti Partridge pachithunzichi: wamwamuna kapena wamkazi.
Mitundu
Partridge ndi mtundu wonse wa mbalame zomwe zimatchedwa Perdix. Mtunduwo ndi gawo la banja la pheasant. Ma turkeys, pheasants, mapikoko amafanana ndi ma partridges. Guinea mbalame, grouse wakuda, ndiye kuti, onse onga nkhuku.
Ambiri amatchedwa banja la pheasant, banja la partridge:
- Partridge wakuda - mtundu womwe umakhala ndi subspecies 8. Dzinalo la taxonomic ndi Perdix perdix. Ichi ndiye kachilombo kofala kwambiri.
- Partridge waku Tibetan amabala ku Central Asia. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi ma subspecies atatu. Dzina la sayansi la mitunduyo ndi Perdix hodgsoniae.
- Partered ndevu - kunja amafanana ndi imvi kholingo. Zimaswana ku Siberia ndi Manchuria. Mitunduyi imagawidwa m'magulu awiri. Dzinalo ndi Perdix dauricae.
- Keklik kapena partridge yamwala ndimitundu imvi kwambiri. Mlomo ndi miyendo ndi zofiira.
- Partridge ya m'chipululu mumtundu wa nthenga ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi partridge, koma ili ndi pinki. Nthenga zomwe zili pamapiko zimapanga mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera.
- Shrub partridge. Mbalameyi ndi yapakatikati ndipo imakhala yofiirira, ndi nthenga za variegated ndi mawanga akuda akuda, abulauni ndi zonona m'mbali ndi kumbuyo kofiirira.
- Bamboo partridge. Wamng'ono kukula kwake ndikudziwika kogonana. Nthaka zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zakuda, zofiirira ndi zonona.
- Kumalo. Ili ndi nthenga zofiirira, yamphongo imakhala ndi utoto wowala mu timatumba ting'onoting'ono, tomwe timasandulika. Amatulutsa pamiyendo.
- Chipale chofewa chimakhala ndi nthenga m'mizere yakuda ndi yoyera mpaka pamutu pake. Mlomo ndi wofiira.
- Madagascar. Odziwika pachilumbachi, mbalameyo ndi yayikulu kwambiri, akazi ndi otuwa, amuna ndi okulirapo ndi nthenga zowala.
- Ng'ombe yachifumu kapena yovundikira. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mtundu wosazolowereka. Thupi limakhala pafupifupi lakuda ndi buluu mwa amuna komanso lobiriwira mwa akazi. Pali mutu pamutu.
Kwa kachilombo kofala kwambiri, malo achilengedwe amapezeka ku Europe ndi Western Asia. Mitunduyi idayambitsidwa kumayiko ena. Afalikira ku Canada, United States, South Africa, Northern Australia, ndi Tasmania.
Banja lanyumba yakuda, mtundu wa ptarmigan:
- Partridge yoyera. M'chilimwe imakhala yofiira, koma yambiri imakhala yoyera, ndipo nsidze ndizofiira. M'chaka chimakhala chofiirira, ndipo nthenga zonse zimakhala zoyera. Zonsezi, mbalameyi imasintha nthenga 3-4 pachaka
- Tundryanaya. Nthenga zamphongo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi nthenga zilizonse zakuda pamutu ndi pamapewa. M'chilimwe, imawala kwambiri imvi ndi mikwingwirima ndi mawanga. M'nyengo yozizira, yoyera, yamwamuna yokhala ndi mzere wakuda kupyola m'maso, wamkazi satero.
- Zoyera, nthenga ngati ptarmigan, kusiyana kwake ndi mchira woyera.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Kwa gawo lalikulu la chaka, mbalame zimasungidwa m'magulu, timagulu tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timakonda kukhala pafupi ndi ana osasweka. Mgwirizano ndi mawonekedwe am'magulu. Mbalame zimapulumuka kuzizira usiku zitakumanizana. Mukamadyetsa ziweto komanso kupumula masana, mbalame imodzi kapena ziwiri zimagwira ntchito, zikuwona momwe zinthu ziliri.
Mapulaneti ndi mbalame zokhazikika. Nthawi zina nkhosa zawo zimasintha malo awo okhala ndi zisa. Kuchuluka kwa anthu m'deralo kungakhale chifukwa chosamukira. Izi zimachitika ndikulera bwino kwa ana ambiri.
Nyengo yozizira yozizira imakupangitsani kugunda pamsewu. Ma phala omwe amakhala kumapiri amakonda kukhala m'malo otsika m'nyengo yozizira. Kukula kwa madera, zochitika zachuma zaumunthu zimakakamizanso mbalamezi kuti ziziyenda.
Partgesges sindimakonda kuuluka. Amathera nthawi yawo yambiri pansi. Amadzuka m'mlengalenga pokhapokha pakawopsa. Sizikhalidwe zabwino kwambiri zamagetsi zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi phokoso lomwe limatsata kunyamuka kwawo. Mukakwera kapena kuthawa, kupalasa mwachangu komanso kosangalatsa kumasinthana ndi kutsetsereka.
Kukhoza kuwuluka, kuthamanga mwachangu pansi ndikubisala bwino sikupereka chitetezo kwa Partridge. Zirombo zonse, kuyambira amphaka zoweta mpaka nkhandwe ndi mimbulu, zimayendayenda m'minda kufunafuna zisa ndi magulu a zipata. Ophwanya nthenga - akalulu, akhungubwe, zotchingira - sizowopsa ngati zapansi.
Kuphatikiza pa zolusa, ma partridges amayesedwa kuti azitha kugwira ntchito nthawi yozizira. Kumalo okhala ndi nyengo yozizira pang'ono ndi chipale chofewa pang'ono, ma partridges amakhala pagulu. Amapezeka pafupi ndi minda yachisanu, m'mphepete mwa malo osungira, m'nkhalango zamatchire. Gululo limatha kudyetsa malo a 1 sq. Km.
M'nyengo yachisanu yopanda chipale chofewa, magalasi amasonkhana pagulu lalikulu kuti agone usiku. Pafupi pafupi wina ndi mnzake. Pangani bwalo la mbalame ndi mitu yawo kuloza kunjaku. Kukhazikitsa kumeneku kumalola anthu onse kunyamuka nthawi yomweyo akakhala ndi alamu.
Pakakhala nyengo yachisanu, mbalame iliyonse imakhala padera padera. Amagona usiku m'chipinda cha chipale chofewa. Panali milandu pamene ma partridges adasiya kuthawa pansi pa chipale chofewa. Anaboola mavesi ndikumapanga malo ogona m'chipale chofewa.
M'nyengo yozizira yozizira, yotentha, nyama zolanda mbalame ndi nyama zowononga mbalame ndizoopseza kwambiri kukhalapo. Chilengedwe chapeza njira: mbalame yamphongo Amapambana malo pansi pano ndi chonde komanso kusasitsa mwachangu kwa ana.
Zakudya zabwino
Mapulatifomu amakhutitsidwa ndi zakudya zamasamba. Njere za tirigu wolimidwa, masika ndi dzinja, ndizofunikira kwambiri pakudya kwa mbalame. Zamasamba, mphukira zazing'ono ndi mizu, mbewu za udzu zimathandizira pazakudya. Mbeu ndi zipatso za mitengo, ngakhale ma birch catkins, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru ndi mbalame.
Tizilombo timapezeka pakudya mbalame. Zimakhala zambiri makamaka pofufuza minda yolima.Partridge m'nyengo yozizira nthawi zambiri amayandikira pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Kumbali imodzi, kuchuluka kwa zomwe zikuwopseza moyo wake kukukulira. Mbali inayi, pali mwayi woti adyetse okha pafupi ndi zikepe ndi nkhokwe.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, kumadera omwe nyengo imakhala yotentha, nyengo yakumasirana imayamba mu February. Amunawo amatsegulidwa. Sankhani malo okhala ndi zisa zamtsogolo. Amayamba kuyenda. Khalidwe laukwati limakhala pakupanga mawonekedwe amakono, mayendedwe ndi mawu.
Kujambula kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Othandizira omwe adapanga mgwirizano nyengo yatha ndikupulumuka mpaka kasupe watsopano, nthawi zambiri, amapanganso banja. Woyambitsa posankha wokwatirana naye ndi wamkazi.
Chisankho sichikhala chomaliza nthawi zonse. Osakhala ndi nthawi yopanga, awiriwa amathetsa, mkazi amasankha mnzake watsopano. Pa gulu la ziweto, zina zazimuna zimatha kusiyidwa zopanda amuna. Amagwirizana ndi magulu ena a mbalame. Komwe kusankhidwa sikukwanira.
Pambuyo pakupanga koyambirira kwa awiriwo, ntchitoyi imadutsa yamphongo. Amasamalira kuwonongeka kwa gawo lomwe chisa chimayenera kumangidwa. Amakonzekera nkhondo ndi omwe akupikisana nawo. Kusamalira chachikazi. Akumanga chisa chosavuta panthawiyi. M'malo mwake, ili ndi dzenje pansi pamthunzi, lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe a mbale yolimba masentimita 17-20 ndi kuya kwa masentimita 5-8 ndipo ili ndi udzu wouma.
Zimatenga pafupifupi mwezi umodzi kuti apange maanja ndi chibwenzi. Kusakanikirana kwa mbalame kwakhala kukuchitika kuyambira Epulo. Kuphatikiza kumathera ndi zomangamanga. Partridge amaikira mazira 10 mpaka 18. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo amalemba milandu ikuluikulu yokhala ndi zidutswa 25 kapena kupitilira apo. Mazira a Partridge amafanana ndi kukula kwa mbalame: mbali yayitali ndi 4 cm, mbali yayifupi ndi 3 cm.
Mkazi amachita nawo makulitsidwe. Makulitsidwe amatha pambuyo pa masiku 23-26. Anapiye amawoneka pafupifupi nthawi imodzi, mkati mwa maola ochepa. Anawo ali okonzeka kusuntha atangotuluka. Mayi amachotsa anapiye kumalo obadwira. Wamwamuna amalowa nawo ana. Mu ola limodzi, banja lili pamtunda wa 100-200 mita ndipo silibwereranso.
Patadutsa sabata, anapiyewo anayamba kugwedezeka, pakatha milungu iwiri amauluka mtunda wautali. Ngakhale kusasitsa kwachangu, anawo, monga mgwirizano, amalimbikira mpaka nthawi yophukira, ndipo nthawi zina, mpaka nthawi yozizira. Itha kukhala gulu loyambira kuti ipange gulu latsopano.
Kusaka Partridge
Ngakhale kuti mbalameyi ndi yaying'ono komanso njira zovuta kuzitsatira, kusaka nkhwangwa Ndi chizolowezi chotchuka. Mitundu iwiri yakusaka ndi yofala: ndi galu komanso njira.
Pazochitika zonsezi, mlenje amaganizira zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku. Zitakhala usiku wonse, mbalamezo zimapita kumalo othirira kapena kukaneneza m'mawa. Ma Partges amakonda kudyetsa m'minda yokololedwa ndi chimanga, buckwheat kapena mapira. Pakati pa masana, nthawi yomweyo amapuma pamunda kapena kuwuluka kukabisala muudzu wautali, namsongole. Mu theka lachiwiri la tsiku amadyanso, pambuyo pake amapita kukagona.
Ku Ulaya, pali miyambo yosaka magulu a magulu, momwe galu amangosaka ndikubweretsa masewerawo. Kawirikawiri, kuwombera kotereku kwa mbalame kumakhala kodzaza ndi phokoso. Kuwombera kochuluka kumabweretsa zikho zambiri.
M'miyambo yaku Russia, anthu awiri amatenga nawo mbali posaka: munthu ndi galu. Pochita udindo wapamwamba, wapolisi ayenera kuwonetsa luso lake lonse. Amayang'anitsitsa gawolo m'magulu akuluakulu. Pozindikira mbalameyi, imangoima. Wolera gulu lankhosa atalamulidwa ndi mlenje. Mapuloteni amauluka mwaphokoso. Osatayika, mlenje atha kupeza zikho zoyenerera pakadali pano.
Gulu limatha kunyamuka osati onse. Anthu angapo atha kuzengereza ndikudzuka pambuyo pake. Chifukwa chake, mfuti iyenera kukonzedwanso pambuyo pa kuwombera koyamba. Ngakhale kuwombera, mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zimawopa sizimauluka patali ndipo zimatha kumira muudzu theka la kilomita kuchokera kwa wosaka. Pambuyo powasiya kuti adekhe, mutha kupitiliza kuwasaka ndikuwombera.
Galu ndikofunikira osati kungopeza ndikulera mbalameyo pamapiko. Simungapeze nyama zovulala popanda iye. Kusaka magawo opanda galu kumatha kugwira ntchito m'malo omwe mbalamezi ndizochuluka. Ndibwino kuti muzisaka kuchokera kuchipale chofewa. Magawo omwe amakonda kuthamanga adzawonetsa panjira zawo kuti awafufuze.
Kuphatikiza pa kusaka magawo ndi mfuti, pali njira zambiri zopanda magazi zopezera mbalamezi. Kusodza ndi maukonde, misampha ndi malupu kumachitika. Njira zachilimwe ndi zachisanu zogwira magawo ndizosiyana. Cholinga chachikulu chogwirira mbalame zamoyo ndi kuswana magawo... Komanso, nthawi zambiri mbalame zimagwidwa kuti zisamuke kumalo atsopano.
Njira yosavuta yosodza ndi paddock. Cholembera chikuyikidwa. M'malo mwake, ndi khola laling'ono lokulirapo lokhala ndi chitseko chokweza. Chitseko chimakhala pamalo apamwamba ndi chingwe chachitali. Nyambo imayikidwa mu khola. Imatsala kudikirira. Mbalamezo zikalowa m'khola, mlenjeyo amakoka chingwe chija ndikumenyetsa khola.
Khoka limagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikiza magawo. Ndi mauna a 2 cm, opangidwa ndi ulusi wolimba wa nayiloni, kutalika kwa 200-300 mita, kutalika kwa 7-8 mita. Amapachikidwa pamitengo pamwamba panthaka. Pansi pa ukondewo pindani pansi kuti mupange thumba lalikulu. Kusiyana kwakukulu kumatsalira pakati pa netiweki ndi nthaka. Ndiye kuti, yagwidwa Partridge, nyama, mwangozi omwe agwidwa m'malo ogwira ntchito amadutsa momasuka pansi pa ukondewo.
Gulu lomwe limamenya limasunthira patali. Amayesetsa kukweza gulu lankhosa ndikulitumiza kuukonde. Zingwe zouluka pang'ono zimawombana ndi msamphawo ndikugwera pansi pakhoka. Iwo sangatuluke kumene.
Kuswana kunyumba
Nzosadabwitsa kuti Partridge amatanthauza "mbalame ngati nkhuku". Mbalamezi zimalekerera ukapolo bwino. Kudzichepetsa, kuchulukitsidwa ndi zakudya zamtundu wa nyama ndi mazira, kumapangitsa kuti magawo azisungidwa m'minda yamabanja.
Chinthu choyamba chomwe chikufunika kuti muyambe kusunga mbalameyi ndi khola la nkhuku, mlengalenga. Kapangidwe kosavuta kameneka kamagawika magawo awiri: malo otsekedwa ndi denga komanso kuyenda, wokutidwa ndi ukonde. Payenera kukhala mitengo ya Khrisimasi, magulu audzu, mitolo ya udzu poyenda - chilichonse chomwe chingatsanzire pogona pachilengedwe.
M'nyengo yozizira, chisakanizo chambewu, masamba odulidwa, mavitamini, zowonjezera mavitamini komanso nyama yosungunuka imaphatikizidwa pazakudya za mbalame. Partridge wapabanja amaluma mokondwera zipatso za phulusa lamapiri, irgi, viburnum, zotoleredwa kuchokera kumitengo yachisanu.
Pafupi ndi kasupe, poyembekezera kutchera dzira, menyu ya partridge imalimbikitsidwa ndi zolowetsa mavitamini, kaloti, nyama ya mafupa ndi chakudya cha nsomba. Kuwonjezera kwa zakudya zomwe zili ndi calcium yambiri, monga choko, ndizovomerezeka.
Pofika Epulo-Meyi, zisa zimayikidwa mnyumba ya nkhuku. Nthawi zambiri awa amakhala madengu akale okutidwa ndi udzu. Pakati pa mseu wapakatikati, m'mwezi wa Meyi, zipilala zimayikira mazira ndikukhala pazisa. Anapiye amapezeka masiku 23-26. Pamapeto pa makulitsidwe, nkhuku yokhala ndi anapiye amaikidwa mu khola lina.
Ngati ndi kotheka, ana omwe ali mu khola amayikidwa panja, pakati paudzu. Masiku awiri oyamba, anapiye amadyetsedwa ndi dzira yolk. Pambuyo pake, banja lonse limasamutsidwa kuti azidyera pafupipafupi ndi gawo lama protein. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, anapiyewo amawabwezera ku aviary wamba. Partridge yakhalapo kwa zaka masauzande ambiri kufupi ndi anthu ndipo yakwanitsa kupulumuka. Chifukwa chake siopusa momwe amawonekera.
