Kwa okonda ma entomology ambiri kuti awone gulugufe apollo - maloto okondedwa, ngakhale kuti si kalekale anapezeka m'nkhalango zowuma za paini m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia. Wotchuka wachilengedwe LB Stekolnikov adapatulira ndakatulo kwa iye.
Dzinalo limachokera kwa mulungu wachi Greek wokongola Apollo ndipo pazifukwa zomveka - kukongola kwa tizilombo sikudzasiya aliyense wopanda chidwi. Ndipo gulugufe amachokera ku mawu achi Slavic akuti "agogo", amakhulupirira kuti mizimu ya akazi akufa imawuluka.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Dzina lachilatini: Parnassius appollo
- Mtundu: nyamakazi;
- Maphunziro: tizilombo;
- Dongosolo: Lepidoptera;
- Mtundu: Parnassius;
- Onani: Apollo.
Thupi limagawika mutu, chifuwa, ndi mimba, zopangidwa ndi magawo asanu ndi anayi. Mafupa akunja ndi chivundikiro cholimba cha chitinous chomwe chimateteza kuzinthu zakunja.
Lepidopterology ndi gawo lazinthu zomwe zimaphunzira lepidoptera.
Maso otukusira (khomo lachiberekero) amtundu wokhala ndi maupangiri, amakhala ndi magalasi ochulukirapo, pochotsa kuwala m'mbali yonseyi, ma entomologists amawerengera mpaka 27,000 a iwo. Maso, omwe amakhala magawo awiri mwa atatu amutu, amapangidwa ndi khungu laubweya wabwino. Amakhulupirira kuti amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu, koma sadziwa zochuluka motani.
Antennae - ziwalo zanzeru zomwe zimasiyanitsa kununkhira ndi mayendedwe amlengalenga, amatenga nawo gawo pokhala olimba pakuwuluka. Amuna ali ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono kwambiri kuposa tazimayi.
Nsagwada zosinthidwa mwamphamvu zimasandulika kukhala proboscis ngati chubu cholowetsedwa mu mpukutu. Chigoba chamkati cha proboscis chimakutidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadziwitsa timadzi tokoma. Tizilombo timakhala ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi ndi zikhadabo, pali mabowo omvera.
Mapiko akulu m'lifupi amafika masentimita asanu ndi anayi, amakhala oterera, otuluka ndi mawanga ofiira pamapiko apansi ndi akuda kumtunda. Mawanga ofiira azunguliridwa ndi mzere wakuda, mwa mitundu ina ndi yozungulira, mwa ena amakhala ofanana.
Dongosolo lamapiko apansi limapangidwa ndi tsitsi loyera loyera; pamimba wakuda wonyezimira, tsitsi lofananalo limagundana ngati ma bristles. M'mphepete mwake mwa mapikowo mumakhala ndi utoto wonyezimira; mawanga otuwa amwazikana pamapiko onse.
Pamitsempha yam'mapiko kumtunda ndi kumunsi, pali masikelo amtundu waubweya wofiirira wokhala ndi chivundikiro chokulirapo, iliyonse ya iyo imakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wa pigment womwe umayang'anira mapu a mapiko. Kuuluka kumatha kutsatiridwa ndi kukupiza mapiko kapena kuyandama m'mwamba pamafunde ofunda. Mtunduwo umapangitsa Apollo kukhala gulugufe wofotokozera komanso wokongola kwambiri. Maonekedwe osalimba kwambiri, amatha kupulumuka m'malo ovuta.
Mimbulu ya achinyamata ndi yakuda, pagawo lililonse la thupi pamakhala mawanga owala, m'mizere iwiri, pomwe pamatuluka timabulu takuda. Malasankhu achikulire ndi okongola kwambiri akuda ndi mizere iwiri ya madontho ofiira mthupi lonse komanso njerewere zamtambo.
Pamutu pake pali mabowo awiri opuma komanso nyanga yobisika, yomwe imamera pakagwa ngozi, ikumatulutsa kafungo konyansa konyansa. Amakhala ndi miyendo itatu pachifuwa ndi miyendo isanu yamimba - yolimba yomwe ili ndi zingwe kumapeto kwake. Mtundu wowala wowoneka bwino umawopseza adani, kuwonjezera apo, mbozi ndizotota, mbalame zambiri sizimazisaka, ndi nkhaka zokha zomwe zimadya.
Asanaphunzire, mbozi imayamba kuda nkhawa kwambiri, imayenda mwachangu, kufunafuna pogona, nthawi zina imapezeka pamiyendo ndi pamisewu. Atapeza malo oyenera, amayamba kuluka chikuku, ndikuyamba kuluka timaluwa tating'onoting'ono pamunsi pa kapisozi, kenako ndikupitiliza kuluka kolimba mpaka nyumba yolimba, yolimba ipezeke gawo lotsatira lakukula kwa munthuyo.
Mboza wamkulu wa agulugufe a Apollo ndi wakuda ndimadontho ofiira
Ziphuphu zimakutidwa ndi chivundikiro chodzitetezera, chomwe, atangomangirizidwa mu nthiti, mawonekedwe a gulugufe amayamba kuoneka, proboscis imadziwika bwino, mawonekedwe am'mapiko amtsogolo ndi maso amawoneka. Mphete zokha zakumbuyo kwa chibayo ndizoyenda.
Apollo Gulugufe Pupa
Mitundu
Mitundu ya agulugufe Apollo
- Demokratus krulikovski - amakhala ku Middle Urals ndi gawo la Europe la Russia, adapezeka koyamba mu 1906;
- Meingardi Sheljuzhko - tinthu tating'ono kwambiri tomwe timakhala m'nkhalango za Western Siberia, mitunduyi idasankhidwa mu 1924;
- Limikola Stichel - 1906, Urals Middle ndi Southern - omwe amapezeka m'mapiri;
- Ciscucasius Shelijuzhko - amakhala pa Greater Caucasus Range, yemwe adapezeka mu 1924;
- Breitfussi Brik - zitsanzo zingapo zimapezeka pa Crimea Peninsula, 1914;
- Alpheraki Krulivski - malo ogawa - phiri Altai, 1906;
- Sibirius Nordmann - Sayan highlands, pre-Baikal lowland, chaka chopezeka 1851;
- Hesebolus Nordmann - Mongolia, madera a Baikal, kum'mawa kwa Siberia, 1851;
- Merzbacheri - mitundu pakati pa zomera za ku Kyrgyz;
- Parnassius Mnemosine - gulugufe wakuda wa Apollo;
- Carpathicus Rebel et Rogenhofer - malo okhala Carpathians, 1892;
- Zinyama zingapo zimapezeka kumapiri a Pyrenees ndi Alps.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Anthu pawokha amakhala moyo wokhazikika, amakonda malo okhala. Malo okhala Apollo atsika kwambiri chifukwa chakukula kwa malo okhala tizilomboti ndi anthu. Zochita zachuma zimawononga zomera zokhazokha zoyenera kudya mbozi zamtunduwu, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumawononga mtundu wonse wa tizilombo.
Zifukwa zakuchepa kwa madera okhala:
- Kulima madera;
- Mapesi owotcha;
- Ziweto zikudya msipu komwe Apollo amakhala;
- Kulima kwa nthaka;
- Kusintha kwanyengo.
Kusintha kwa kutentha kumayambitsa mbozi, zomwe zimafa chifukwa cha chisanu komanso kusowa kwa chakudya, popanda kumaliza kusintha kwa zinthu.
Gawo la kufalitsa:
- Madera akumapiri a Urals;
- Western Siberia;
- M'mapiri a Kazakhstan;
- Ku Far East;
- Kumpoto kwa Amerika;
- Mapiri a Alpine.
Mitundu ina imakhala pamtunda wa mamita 4000, osatsika.
Zakudya zabwino
Kodi gulugufe wa Apollo amadya chiyani? Tiyeni tiwone izi. Akuluakulu amadyetsa timadzi tokoma, koma kuti apeze sodium yoyenera amakhala pamatope, kunyambita mchere. Makala akuda, thukuta la anthu, mkodzo wa nyama zikuyimira gwero lazinthu zosanthula. Makamaka abambo nthawi zambiri amasonkhana m'malo omwe amapezera zowonjezera zowonjezera.
Mazira amaikidwa pazomera zomwe mbozi zimadyako pambuyo pake, ndi izi:
- Sedum ndi yovuta;
- Sumu ndi yoyera;
- Ndi wofiirira;
- Kabati wamapiri waminga;
- Sumu ndi yophatikiza;
- Oregano wamba;
- Mpendadzuwa wabuluu;
- Chophimba chamtsinje;
- Achinyamata amadya kumapiri a Alps.
Mbozi zimadyetsa nyengo yotentha, zimakonda kubisala muudzu pakagwa mvula kapena mitambo. Pupae amadyera mkati mwawo, alibe pakamwa lakunja.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Amuna, okonzeka kukwatirana, amathamangitsa otsutsana nawo onse mdera lawo, nthawi zina njuchi, mavu. Maubwenzi apabanja ku Apollo ndi awa: azimayi amatulutsa ma pheromones - zinthu zonunkhira zapadera zomwe zimakopa amuna.
Amapeza dona mwa fungo lokonda kwambiri ndipo magule aukwati amayamba. Amuna amawonetsa ulemu wawo ndimayendedwe, momwe aliri wamkulu, mapikowo ndi akulu kwambiri, amakhudza tsitsi la mkazi ndi tsitsi lake pamimba, kutulutsa fungo losangalatsa
Pamapeto pa kugonana, chachimuna chimasindikiza pamimba chachikazi ndichisindikizo cha sphragis, kuti isachotse umuna mobwerezabwereza - lamba woterewu.
Kenako amayamba kukupiza mapiko ake moyenera, kuwatsegulira kuti awonetse maso ofiira kumunsi. Imasuntha tinyanga tokhala ndi tinyanga, ngati mkazi wavomera kukwerana, ndiye amakhala pafupi naye.
Amawuluka mozungulira iye ndikukwatirana naye pa ntchentche, mawonekedwe opangira (sphragis kapena kudzaza) kumapeto kwa mimba nthawi yamasiku. Kukwelana kumatenga mphindi 20, banjali limathera nthawi ili phee, lili pampando.
Metamorphoses a m'zinthu zamoyo:
- Gawo la dzira - mkazi amatayira mazira mpaka 1000, m'magulu a mazira 10-15, m'malo angapo, ndikuwamata papepalalo ndi zinsinsi kuchokera kumapeto kwa mimba. Chipolopolo cha mazira ndi wandiweyani, ntchofu imawumitsa, chitetezo cholimba chimapangidwa, ngati chivundikiro chachitini.
- Gawo la mbozi - mbozi imatuluka mu dzira, pomwepo imayamba kukukuta tsamba lomwe idabadwira. M'malo mokhala ndi kamwa, ali ndi zida zong'ambika komanso tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timatulutsa timadzi timene timazizirira mlengalenga, ndikupanga ukonde. Pamapeto pa kuzungulira kwa mboziyo, imatulutsa ukonde, ndikuyamba kuyikulunga kuti isanduke chibubu.
- Gawo la ophunzira - nthawi zambiri limazizira, chifukwa chobisala m'nyengo yozizira. Amamangirira pamtengo kapena tsamba, osakulungidwa nthawi zambiri ndi tsamba. Poyamba, ndalamayo imakhala yoyera, kenako imawumitsa ndikudzaza ndi pachimake. Mawonedwe, mawonekedwe a gulugufe wamtsogolo amayamba kuwoneka kuchokera kumwamba. Mkati, imperceptible kwa diso, histolysis kumachitika - ndondomeko ya kuvunda kwa thupi la mbozi. Pambuyo pake, histogenesis imayamba - mapangidwe a ziwalo za gulugufe wamtsogolo, mafupa ake, ziwalo zomverera, mapiko ndi dongosolo logaya chakudya. Njira ziwirizi zimayendera limodzi.
- Imago - bwato wamkulu amatuluka, ndi lofewa, mapiko ake amapindidwa ndikuwuluka. Kwenikweni patangotha maola awiri, mapikowo amatambasula, kukhala olimba, amatsuka, amafalitsa tinyanga tawo ndi proboscis. Tsopano amatha kuwuluka ndikuchulukana, nyengo yoswana imayamba mu Julayi-Ogasiti!
Kukula kwakukulu kwa nthaka kunadzetsa kuchepa kwa malo okhala Apollo wamba, kusowa kwa tinthu tina tating'onoting'ono. Olembedwa mu Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN, m'mabuku aku Russia, Belarus, Ukraine Red Data Books.
Madera ena a Russia adalowamo m'mabuku a Species Conservation - Smolensk, Tambov ndi Moscow, Chuvashia, Mordovia. Malo a Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve anali nawo pantchito yobwezeretsa zombo za Apollo, koma popanda kubwezeretsa ma biotopes, ntchitoyi siyimapereka zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.
