M'madzi osaya a subtropics, mutha kuwona zipolopolo zazing'ono zam'madzi, momwe tinyanga timatulukira ndipo miyendo ya wokhala mnyumbayo imawonekera. Khansa yokhazikika Pamodzi ndi pogona pake pamayenda mchenga, ndikusiya zotsalira kumbuyo kwawo munjira zazitali. Nyama yochenjera samachoka pamalowo; ikafuna kuyiyang'ana, imabisala pansi pa chipolopolocho.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Nkhanu yotchedwa hermit imadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa nkhanu zazinyama zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi am'nyanja. Chipolopolo chopanda kanthu tsiku lina chimakhala nyumba ya nthumwiyi, yomwe samasiya kuchenjera. Kumbuyo kwa thupi la chinyama kubisika pansi penipeni pa pogona, ndipo kutsogolo kwake kuli kunja kwa chipolopolo kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wokangalika.
Nkhanu ya Hermit pachithunzichi nthawi zonse ogwidwa mnyumba, wokonzeka kuyenda ndi katundu wopitilira kuchuluka kwa nyama yomwe. Kukula kwa wokhala pang'ono ndi 2.5-3 cm m'litali. Mitundu yayikulu ikuluikulu imakula mpaka masentimita 10-15, zimphona za mitundu ina - mpaka 40 cm.
Dzina lachiwiri la kudzipatula ndi pagra. Mimba yamaliseche ya nsomba zazinkhanira, yosatetezedwa ndi chitin, ndi chidutswa chokoma cha nyama zambiri. Nkhanu yodzikongoletsera imakankhira thupi lokhalalo kukhala chipolopolo chosiyidwa chokwanira kukula kwake, ndikukhazikika mumphangayo.
Miyendo yakumbuyo imagwirira nyamayo mwamphamvu mnyumba kotero kuti sizingatheke kutulutsa crustacean - imangophwanya zidutswa.
Evolution yasintha khansa kuti izivala nyumba za "masitaelo" osiyanasiyana, kotero palibe yankho lotsimikizika pazomwe ziweto zimawoneka. Nthawi zambiri, zipolopolo zosiyanasiyana zam'madzi zam'madzi zimakhazikika, koma ngati sizili pafupi, ndiye kuti tsinde la nsungwi kapena chilichonse chokwanira kukula kwake chomwe chimateteza khungu la crustacean chimatha kukhala nyumba.
Crustacean samaukira nkhono zamoyo, sawathamangitsa mwamphamvu. Koma ubale wa nkhanu ndi abale sioyenera nthawi zonse. Nkhanu yamphamvu imathamangitsa mnansi wofooka mnyumba kuti awonjezere chitetezo.
Pakukula kwa nyama, chipolopolocho chimayenera kusinthidwa kukhala pogona lina loyenera kukula. Imeneyi si ntchito yovuta, chifukwa nyumbayo iyenera kukhala yopepuka - katundu wolemera wa crustacean ndi wovuta kunyamula. Akatswiri amadziwa kuti ziweto zikukonzekera kusinthana nyumba.
Munthu wokonda crustacean amapopera mnyumba yoyandikana nayo ngati akufuna kuchita nawo mgwirizano wodzifunira. Chizindikiro chokana ndi khomo la chipolopolo chatsekedwa ndi claw wamkulu. Pokhapokha atathana ndi "vuto la nyumba" pomwe nyama imayamba kunenepa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, zizindikilo zakufunitsitsa kusinthanitsa nyumba ndizosiyana mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhanu. Ena amatulutsa zala zakumayala za anzawo, ena amagwedeza zipolopolo zomwe amakonda, ndipo ena amagwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zoyankhulirana. Kuyanjana komwe kumakhazikitsidwa kumakhala kopindulitsa. Koma zimachitika kuti kusamvetsetsa kwa chizindikirocho kumabweretsa kudzitchinjiriza kapena kumenya nkhanu.
Kanyama kakang'ono ka crustacean kamakhala ndi adani ambiri. Ngozi inayake imadziwonekera panthawi yakusintha kwa nyumba, pomwe cholengedwa chodzitchinjiriza chimakhala nyama yosavuta yamoyo wam'madzi. Koma ngakhale m'nyumba, nyama zakutchire zimakhala pachiwopsezo cha octopus, squids, cephalopods, momwe nsagwada zolimba zimatha kuphwanya nyumba iliyonse ya crustacean.
Mitundu
Nyama zakutchire zimaonedwa kuti ndizofala kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nyama zimasiyana mitundu, kukula, komanso malo okhala. Gawani mazana mitundu ya nkhanu, osati zonse zomwe zaphunziridwa mokwanira. Oimira odziwika bwino amadziwika bwino kwa anthu okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, omwe amakonda kufufuza nzika zam'madzi.
Dioginisi. Nthawi zambiri nkhalangoyi imapezeka pagombe la Anapa. Amasiya zododometsa pagombe lamchenga ndi zipolopolo zooneka ngati zonunkhira za tritium. Crustacean adatcha dzina lake polemekeza wafilosofi waku Greece, wodziwika malinga ndi nthano zokhala mumphika.
Kukula kwake kumakhala kochepa, pafupifupi masentimita 3. Mtundu wa ng'ombe ndi imvi kapena pinki. Miyendo imatuluka pachikopa, maso pamapesi, tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhudza ndi kununkhiza.
Klibanarius. Anthu okhala pansi pa magombe amiyala amapezeka m'malo amiyala. Ma crustaceans akulu amakhala okulirapo kangapo kuposa ma diogens, ndipo amakhala m'makona akuluakulu a rapanas. Mtunduwo ndi wowala lalanje, wofiira, wolingana ndi miyala yamchere yamchere.
Mbala ya kanjedza. Mosiyana ndi obadwa nawo, zipolopolo zopanda kanthu zimafunikira ndi khansa pokhapokha adangoyamba kumene kukula. Akuluakulu ndi zimphona zenizeni, amakula mpaka 40 cm, olemera mpaka 4 kg. Anthu am'deralo amagwiritsa ntchito nyama ya crayfish ngati chakudya. Crayfish amakhala pazilumba za Indian Ocean, amakhala moyo wapamwamba. Dzinali linaperekedwa chifukwa cha chidwi cha zipatso za coconut zomwe zimagwera pansi. Khansa nthawi zambiri imasokonezedwa ndi nkhanu.
Okonda Aquarium nthawi zambiri amasankha nzika zawo mwa mtundu wamitundu. Oyimira owala a nkhanu zodziwika ndi otchuka:
- wa golide;
- Mexican wofiira;
- milozo ya lalanje;
- chamizere yabuluu.
Kapangidwe
Maonekedwe a nyama amapangidwa makamaka ndikupezeka kwawo mu chipolopolo cha oblong. Kapangidwe ka nkhanu yodziwika imawoneka ngati ili munthawi zochepa kunja kwa chipolopolocho. Chilengedwe chimapatsa nyamayo masinthidwe ambiri momwe imamvera kutetezedwa. Mbali yakutsogolo ya thupi imakhala yokutidwa ndi chitini.
Chipolopolocho chimateteza nyama kwa adani. Mafupa akunja olimba samakula nyama ikamakula. Pakati pa kusungunula, nkhanu yokhayokha imatulutsa chipolopolo chake, zomwe ndizodabwitsa kwambiri. Pakapita nthawi, chinsalu chatsopano chimakula. Zovala zakale, zikasiyidwa mu aquarium momwe crustacean amakhala, zimakhala chakudya chake.
Zikhadabo ndiye chida chachikulu cha crustacean. Poyerekeza ndi cephalothorax, thupi, amawoneka akulu. Chikhadabo chakumanja, chokulirapo, chimatsekereza polowera pasinki ngati pangozi pachitika ngozi.
Yocheperako kumanzere imagwira ntchito posaka chakudya. Zikhadabo zili pafupi ndi mutu. Pali miyendo iwiri yoyenda pafupi. Amayendetsa khansa pamwamba. Miyendo ina, awiriawiri obisika, ochepa kwambiri, samachita nawo kuyenda.
Gawo la thupi lobisika mu chipolopolo, lokutidwa ndi khungu lofewa, silitetezedwa ndi chitin. Zolembedwazo zimasinthana thupi. Nkhanu yodzitchinjiriza iyenera kubisa thupi losatetezedwa mu chipolopolo. Ndi miyendo ing'onoing'ono yomwe imathandizira kuti nyumbayo ikhale m'nyumba, kuti nyumbayo isagwe. Chilengedwe chimasamalira cholinga cha chiwalo chilichonse.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Nkhanu yodzikongoletsera imapezeka pagombe la Europe, m'mphepete mwa Australia, zilumba za Caribbean. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yakhazikika padziko lonse lapansi makamaka m'malo osaya a nyanja ndi nyanja okhala ndi mafunde okwera komanso otsika, koma nkhanu zam'madzi zimakhalanso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yamchenga, m'nkhalango m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Amasiya malo am'madzi, amabwereranso kokha panthawi yoswana. Mitundu ina ya zitsamba zimayenda pansi pamadzi mpaka mamita 80-90. Mfundo yaikulu - mchere ndi madzi abwino.
Kanyama kakang'ono ka nkhanduko kamadziwika kuti ndi nyama yolimba mtima komanso yolimba. Kukhoza kudziteteza, kunyamula nyumba moyo wake wonse, kupanga ubale ndi abale sikumaperekedwa kuzamoyo zilizonse.
A crustaceans amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chogwera nyama zolusa munthawi yosintha nyumba. Nthawi ya mafunde otsika imatsegula malo awo okhala pansi pamiyala, pakati pa zigwa. Anthu ambiri osungulumwa omwe amakhala okhaokha amakhala mu mgwirizano ndi ma anemone owopsa, nyongolotsi zama polima Kukhalapo kopindulitsa kumalimbitsa chipani chilichonse pankhani yodziyimira pawokha komanso kupeza chakudya.
Amadziwika kwambiri herab nkhanu symbiosis ndi anemone wanyanja, wachibale wapamtima wa nsomba zam'madzi. Amakhala ndi ziweto m'dera lawo, amazigwiritsa ntchito ngati zonyamulira, amadyetsa zotsalira za chakudya. Nkhanu ya Hermit ndi anemones pamodzi kumenyana ndi adani. Kukhala pamodzi kwa zamoyo ziwiri ndi chitsanzo cha mgwirizano wothandiza - mgwirizano.
Ubwino wa anemones ndikuti, poyenda pang'onopang'ono, ilibe chakudya - okhala m'madzi amakumbukira komwe amakhala, kupewa kupezeka pafupi. Kuyenda pamtunda wokhazikika kumawonjezera mwayi wogwira nyama.
Nkhanu yakuda amalandira chitetezo champhamvu - poizoni wa anemones amapha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ndipo amatentha kwambiri. Ndizosangalatsa kuti ogwirizana samapwetekana. Mabungwe nthawi zina amathetsa chifukwa chakufunika kusintha nyumba yocheperako ya crustacean yomwe ikukula. Sink yopanda kanthu siyimaima kwa nthawi yayitali, pali lendi watsopano, wokondwa ndi nyumba yokhala ndi mlonda wamoyo.
Mabungwe achi Hermit ndi anemones adamsia - moyo wonse. Pakugwira ntchito yofunikira, anemone imamaliza chipolopolocho ndi mamina obisika, omwe amawuma mwachangu. Crustacean sayenera kufunafuna nyumba yatsopano.
Ubale ndi nyongolotsi ya Nereis umamangidwanso chifukwa chokomera onse. Wokhala m'nyumba ya crustacean amadya zotsalira za chakudya, nthawi yomweyo amakonza chipolopolocho. Nereis amatsuka makoma amkati a nyumbayo, amasamalira mimba ya crustacean, ndikuchotsa tiziromboti. Maganizo a nkhanu yodziyandikira kwa mnansi ndiyabwino kwambiri, ngakhale atakhala kuti angafune, amatha kumuphwanya mlendo wake mosavuta. Khansara wamkulu ndi nyama yayikulu komanso yamphamvu.
Mbali yofunika ya moyo wa kudzipatula ndi chikhalidwe cha kuyera kwa posungira. Kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala m'mbali mwa gombe ndi chizindikiro cha chitetezo cha chilengedwe. Tsoka ilo, kuipitsidwa kwa nyanja yaku Europe kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa anthu.
Ntchito imapezeka ndi khansa nthawi iliyonse masana. Ali paulendo wopitilira wosaka chakudya. Omnivorousness amawakankhira ku izi. Anadula nsomba zakufa m'mafupa opanda kanthu m'maola ochepa.
Omasulira amakono amasunga nkhanu m'madamu awo odziyimira pawokha. Kusamalira anthu kumakhala kosavuta. Ndikofunikira kuti pang'onopang'ono muzolowere nyamazo m'madzi am'madzi a aquarium.
Kusintha kwa malo okhala nthawi zina kumadziwonetsera mu nsomba zam'madzi zisanachitike. Kuwona momwe nyama zilili ndizosangalatsa. Amakhala ochezeka kwambiri ndi anthu ena okhala m'nyanjayi, sawonetsa nkhanza.
Zakudya zabwino
Zakudya za nkhanu zazing'ono zimasiyana malinga ndi dera. Mwambiri, ndi omnivorous - amadya chakudya chodyera ndi chinyama. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo ma annelids, ma molluscs, ma crustaceans ena, ndi echinoderms. Samanyoza nsomba zakufa kapena nyama zina zakufa.
Amayang'ana chakudya polowa ndi kutuluka m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pamiyala. Algae, mazira omata, zotsalira za phwando la wina - zonse zidzakhala zokoma za nsomba zazinkhanira. Zinyama zapamtunda zimadya zipatso zowola, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kokonati.
Okhala m'madzi am'madzi am'madzi amamwa chakudya chapadera kapena chilichonse chomwe chimachokera patebulo la chakudya - nyama, tirigu, oats wokutira, zakudya. Zomera zouma zouma, zipatso zimapatsa thanzi mavitamini.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Masika ndi chilimwe ndi nthawi yolimbana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, omwe amapatsidwa gawo lalikulu pakuswana. Amapanga mazira, amanyamula ana amtsogolo (mpaka anthu 15,000) pamimba. Pakangotha sabata, mphutsi zimapangidwa, zokonzekera moyo wodziyimira m'madzi.
Pali magawo anayi a molting, pomwe nkhanu zazing'ono zimapangidwa, zomwe zakhazikika pansi. Ntchito yayikulu ya achinyamatawa ndikupeza pogona, kufikira atakhala chakudya cha nyama zam'madzi.
Sikuti aliyense amapulumuka mpaka pamalopo. Mphutsi zambiri zimafa panthawi yakukhwima. Mwachilengedwe, njira yoberekera ma crustaceans ndi ya chaka chonse. Mu ukapolo, ziweto sizimabala ana. Nthawi ya moyo wa crustacean wopangidwa ndi zaka 10-11.
Kufunika kwa nkhanu yokha
Anthu okonda zachiwerewere ndi madongosolo enieni amadziwe. Nkhanu yotchedwa hermit ikhoza kunenedwa kuti ndiyotsuka kwenikweni pagombe. Moyo wa nyama zabwino umakupatsani mwayi woti muwononge zamoyo zakufa.
Eni ake a matanki akulu akuwona kufunikira kwakukuru kwa nkhanu yodziyimira pawokha ya aquarium. Mitundu yofiira yabuluu ya crustaceans ndi yochititsa chidwi kwambiri pakukhazikitsa ukhondo. Kuchotsa cyanobacteria, detritus, ndi zinthu zambiri zovulaza posungira mwadzidzidzi zimachitika mwachilengedwe chifukwa cha nkhanu zabwino.
