Saker Falcon ndiye nkhono yokhayo yomwe imatha kugwira mphoyo. Mbalame zina zonse za dongosololi, poyesa kuwukira masewera akuluakulu, zidaswa sternum. Mayendedwe a mlenje wolemekezeka ameneyu ndiwofulumira komanso opukutidwa, koma osati mwachangu ngati mphezi ngati abale ake, zomwe zimapereka mwayi wambiri woyendetsa. Ndiwowoneka bwino, wachisomo komanso wowopsa pakusaka.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamiyala, imvi yoyera pansipa ndi bulauni-bulauni pamwambapa. Achinyamata achikulire ndi achikulire ali ndi utoto wowala kwambiri. Pamapewa ndi mapiko pali mawanga opingasa owoneka bwino.
Sera, mapesi ndi mphete zopanda nthenga kuzungulira maso a nyama zazing'ono ndi zotuwa ndikuthwanima. Wamphamvu, wowerama mlomo wofanana, wakuda kumapeto. Saker Falcon ikamakula, mtundu m'malo amenewa, kupatula mlomo, umakhala wachikaso.
Mbalame zimapeza chovala chomaliza chomaliza pambuyo pa molt woyamba, womwe umachitika chaka ndi theka. Iyamba mu Meyi ndipo imatha miyezi 5. Mapikowo ndi masentimita 37-42, mchira ndi masentimita 24. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pang'ono kupitirira theka la mita. Chithunzi cha Balaban sichimasiyana mosiyanasiyana, koma mawonekedwe ake ndi okhwima komanso okongola.
Kukula kwake kumakhala kotsika pang'ono kuposa gyrfalcon. Pouluka, imasiyana ndi mphamba mchikulire wake waukulu, mapiko ake. Amayi amalemera makilogalamu 1.3, amuna 1 kg. Mbalameyi chifukwa cha kulemera kwake komanso kukula kwake nthawi zina amatchedwa golide mphungu balaban... Koma izi si zoona. Chiwombankhanga chagolide chachikulu kwambiri pagulu la mphamba, kupatula owononga. Kulemera kwake kumakulirako kanayi kuposa Saker Falcon. Imasiyana ndi kabavu wa peregrine pakalibe mikwingwirima yakuda yomwe ikuyenda mkhosi.
Kukupiza sikumachitika kawirikawiri pakuuluka. Mbalameyi imasefukira ndi kuuluka kwa nthawi yaitali mothandizidwa ndi mitsinje yomwe ikudutsa. Amuna amasiyana ndi akazi m'miyeso yaying'ono, nthenga ndizofanana. Pakati pamasewera olimbirana, zoopsa, Saker Falcon imatulutsa mawu osiyanasiyana ngakhale ma trill. Kwenikweni ndi "kuthyolako" kosasangalatsa komanso kovutirapo, "heck" ndi "boo".
Mitundu
Pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya balaba, yosiyana m'malo okhala ndi nthenga:
- Sakeroni wonyenga waku Siberia
Mawanga achikasu ofiira ofiira kumbuyo amapanga mipiringidzo yopingasa. Mutuwo ndiwofiirira, koma wopepuka ndimatoni angapo, okongoletsedwa ndi mizere yakuda. Mimba ndi yoyera ndi chikaso. Mbali, nthenga za miyendo ndizopepuka ndi mawonekedwe ofooka.
Amakhala kumapiri aku Central Siberia.
- Saker falcon
Thupi lakumtunda ndi lofiirira. Nthenga m'mphepete mwake ndizotulutsa utoto. Mutu umasiyanitsidwa ndi kamvekedwe kofiirira-bulauni wokhala ndi mizere yakuda. Pakhosi balaban wamba ndevu zotchedwa ndevu zimawoneka pang'ono pang'ono. Pamimba yoyera pamakhala mawanga akuda owoneka ngati misozi. Pansi pa mchira, m'mbali mwake, nthenga ndizosintha.
Anthu akupezeka Kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Siberia, Kazakhstan.
- Falcon Yaku Turkestan
Mosiyana ndi mitundu yam'mbuyomu, mtundu wa Turkestan Saker Falcon, womwe umakhala ku Central Asia, ndi wokhuthala kwambiri. Mutu wofiirira wofiirira umadutsa m'mapiko ofiira ofiira kumbuyo ndi mchira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owonekera owoneka bwino.
- Mongolian Saker Falcon
Mutu wonyezimira umaonekera kumbuyo kwa nsana wofiirira wokhala ndi zopingasa. "Mathalauza" ndi mbali zimakongoletsedwa ndi mtundu wa mikwingwirima yakuda ndi mawanga. Mongolian Saker Falcon amakhala ku Transbaikalia, Mongolia.
- Altai Saker Falcon
Kukula kwake, nthumwi za mitunduyo ndizofanana ndi balaban wamba, womwewo waukulu. Mutu wake ndi wakuda, thupi ndi lofiirira komanso mdima wonyezimira mdera lumbar. Pali mikwingwirima yotchulidwa yopindika pamitengo ya miyendo ndi mbali. Malo ogawawa akuphatikizapo madera akumapiri a Altai ndi Sayan ku Central Asia.
- Falcon yopanga Aralokaspian
Amakhala kumadzulo kwa Kazakhstan ku Mangyshlak Peninsula, amaonekera kumbuyo ndi kofiyira msana wokhala ndi zopingasa zopepuka. Chiuno ndi chotuwa, ndipo "mathalauza", mbali zake zimakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kwakutali.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Saker Falcon amapezeka ku Central ndi Asia Minor, Armenia, South Siberia, Kazakhstan. Ndi anthu ochepa omwe adawonedwa ku Hungary ndi Romania. Malo okhala midzi amasankhidwa otseguka ndi mathanthwe oyandikana nawo kapena m'mbali mwa nkhalango.
Ma falcons am'mapiri amayenda mozungulira, otsika amapita kunyanja ya Mediterranean, kupita ku China, India. Magulu ochepa amapezeka ngakhale ku Ethiopia ndi ku Egypt. Ma Saker Falcons am'madera akumwera atha. Posowa malo obisalira, mbalame zimawamanga pazitsulo za mizere yamagetsi, milatho ya njanji.
Amakonda kukhazikika pakati pa anyani, koma asayansi sanaphunzirepo za phindu lokhalira limodzi. Herons akuyenera kuchenjeza zabodza pangozi.
Saker Falcon imayamba kusaka m'mawa kapena madzulo, atakhala pamwamba pamtengo wokhala wokha, pamphepete mwa thanthwe, kapena kuyenda pamwamba pa phangalo. Ikawona chinthu choyenera, imangoyenda pamwamba pamunthu wouluka. Imatsikira pansi kwambiri kapena imagwira nyama ikauluka mokhazikika.
Pakadali pano, sikumveka phokoso kulikonse. Zamoyo zonse zimabisala m'malo obisalapo, kudikirira ngozi. Saker Falcon imangokhoza kungothamangira kukapha nyama, komanso kuyitsata ngati kabawi pabwalo kapena tchire. Chifukwa chake, kusaka kumachita bwino nthawi zonse.
Nyama yotchedwa falcon imagwira nyama ndi zikhadabo zake, ndipo imamunyamula kupita nayo kumalo ouma, okwera kumene imayamba kudya. Kutentha kwamasana kudikira pamtengo mumthunzi wa korona. Ndi kuyamba kwa kuda, zimauluka usiku.
Malo osakira awiriwa amagawidwa makilomita 20 kuchokera pachisa. Zowona kuti Saker Falcon sapeza nyama pafupi ndi nyumbayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mbalame zazing'ono. Amakhala mwakachetechete ndipo amaberekana m'dera lawo, akumva kuti ndi otetezedwa. Omwe anadziwitsidwa zabodza amati Saker Falcon atha kuphunzitsidwa kusaka m'manja m'masabata awiri.
Mwini wake woyamba amakhazikitsa mgwirizano wolimba wosaoneka ndi mbalameyo. Kuti achite izi, amamugwira dzanja nthawi zonse momwe angathere, amamuchitira ndi nyama. Maphunziro osangalatsa amayamba nthawi yosonkhanitsa achinyamata. Maluso osaka ndi maluso amakula nawo.
Pokasaka masewera, amatenga anapiye kunyumba kuchokera pachisa kapena ana. Ndi ochepa omwe angawongolere munthu wamkulu balaban. Amaphunzitsa momwe angagwirire masewera osati dzanja lokha, komanso kuthawa. Pachifukwa chachiwiri, kupezeka kwa agalu osaka kumaganiziridwa. Kuphunzitsidwa mtundu wina wa chikho. Itha kukhala mbalame kapena nyama yakutchire.
Zakudya zabwino
Mndandanda wazinthu zosaka khola la balaban akatswiri azakuthambo aphunzira ndi zotsalira zazakudya m'malo opangira zisa, pellets. Zinapezeka kuti nyama zazing'ono zoyambirira ndizomwe zimakonda mbalame:
- agologolo agolide ndi ofiira;
- mbewa zoyipa;
- nkhono;
- ma jerboas;
- hares achichepere.
Kuphatikiza pa kudya makoswe omwe amawononga mbewu zaulimi, Saker Falcons amadya abuluzi, mitundu yambiri ya mbalame zazing'ono komanso zapakatikati. Mphungu imagwira nyama ikamauluka kapena pansi.
Zakudyazo zimakhala ndi mbalame zam'mabanja:
- onga nkhunda (njiwa, nkhunda ya nkhuni);
- corvids (jackdaw, jay, rook, magpie);
- bakha (curlew, mallard, bakha);
- mbalame zakuda;
- pheasant (partridge).
Mwa zazikuluzikulu, atsekwe, ma busards, ntchentche, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timagwidwa ndi zikhadabo za balaban. Nthawi yolera ana imadziwika ndikupanga ma lark ang'onoang'ono, makoswe, otengedwa ndi makolo 5-15 km kuchokera pachisa.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kukula msinkhu, kutha kusamalira ana saker falcon amapeza pachaka. Pawiri amapangidwa pokhapokha nyengo yokwanira, nthawi yonse, anthu amakhala patali wina ndi mnzake. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi, amayamba kufunafuna zisa zomwe zimapezeka m'miyala yachilengedwe pamiyala.
Saker Falcons, omwe amakonda nkhalango, amapita kunyumba kwa anapiye amtsogolo kuchokera ku akhungubwe, akhwangwala, ma kite, nthawi zina ziwombankhanga, atawakonza pang'ono.
Kwa mwezi umodzi, yaikazi imasamira mazira ofiira atatu kapena asanu okhala ndi zotsekera zazikulu zazikulu zomwe zimayikidwa mu Epulo. Kukula bwino kwa anapiye kumadalira kuyesetsa kwamphongo. Ayenera kusamalira bwenzi lake, kumudyetsa kawiri patsiku, nthawi zina amalowa m'malo. Ngati, pazifukwa zina, Saker Falcon asiya ntchito yake, chisa chidzasiyidwa.
Anapiye aswedwa amakhala okuta pang'ono pang'ono. Madera, milomo ndi malo amaso ndi otuwa. Makolo amadyetsa ana awo ndi mbalame zazing'ono ndi makoswe kwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka mpaka anawo atakwera pamapiko. Akatswiri odziwa za mbalame awona kuti atakhala m'chisa, mwana wankhuku mmodzi amadya nyama yokwana kilogalamu imodzi.
Makolo samaphunzitsa nyama zazing'ono kusaka, ali ndi maluso awa pachibadwa. Amakhulupirira kuti achikulire samasaka nyama pafupi ndi malo okhala zisa kuti apange chakudya cha ana amphongo koyamba. Anapiye amatuluka mchisa miyezi iwiri, kuyamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Saker Falcons amapanga gulu limodzi kwa zaka zingapo, ana amaswedwa kamodzi zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Amakhala zaka pafupifupi 20. Anthu ena azaka 100 adutsa zaka 28.Saker Falcon mu Red Book RF ikuopsezedwa kuti ikutha.
Anapiye a mitundu yosawerengeka ya mbalame zakutchire Saker Falcon amagwiritsidwabe ndi kuukitsidwa ndi opha nyama chifukwa cha mbalame. Kuwonongeka kwa zisa, chilengedwe chosakhutiritsa, kuchepa kwa malo opanda anthu, zidapangitsa kuti mbalameyi iphatikizidwe mu Zowonjezera 2 pamisonkhano ya Bonn ndi Vienna, yoletsedwa pamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi monga nyama yomwe ili pangozi.
Kwa zaka 50 zapitazi, chiwerengero cha ma Saker Falcons ku Russia chatsika ndi theka. Anthu asowa kwathunthu ku Poland, Austria. Mbalame ku chilumba cha Balkan yasanduka mlendo wamba.
Kukula kwa ziwerengero kumachepetsa kuchepa kwa chakudya chawo chachikulu - nyamakazi. Marten amaswa zisa. Chaka chilichonse, anthu pafupifupi 200 amapha anthu mozembera m'ndende za Russia ndi Kazakhstan, poyesa kuzembetsa Saker Falcons kunja kuti akagulitsenso mabodza achiarabu.
Ku Altai, kulibe malo okhala zachilengedwe okwanira pamaso pa mbalame zam'madzi. Omenyera ufulu wa nyama akuyesera m'njira zonse kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbalame zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Malo opangira zisa akumangidwa, ndipo ana okhala m'minda yosamaliramo amawonjezeredwa ku mbalame zamtchire.
Amatsata kukhwima kwawo ndikuwadyetsa ngati kuli kofunikira.Kokha ndi malamulo ogwira ntchito komanso kuyesetsa kwa anthu osamalira kuti athe kupulumutsa mitundu yosaoneka ya mbalame yokongola yonyada ya gulu la falcon - Saker Falcon.
