Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Merlin – mbalame, omwe amawerengedwa ndi akatswiri a mbalame ku banja la mphamba, omwe mamembala ake amawerengedwa kuti ndi akulu kwambiri. Ndipo izi nzoona, chifukwa ngakhale amuna a mbalame zotere, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono kuposa zazikazi, ndizotalika theka la mita. Nthawi yomweyo, kukula kwa akazi nthawi zina kumatha kufika 65 cm ndikulemera 2 kg.
Ngati tifananitsa oimira omwe afotokozedwa pabanjali ndi ankhandwe anzawo, ndiye kuti mchira wawo ndiwotalikirapo, koma mapikowo, m'malo mwake, ndi achidule; zitunda zakuthwa zakula kwambiri, ndipo nthenga ndizofewa. Koma kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa gyrfalcon ndi kukula kwake, kuyambira kale anthu amawaona kuti ndiwothandiza kwambiri kuposa nkhandwe posaka malonda, zomwe mbalamezi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu limodzi ndi mbalame zina kwazaka zambiri.
Mbalame ya Gyrfalcon
Gyrfalcon imakhalanso yayikulupo kuposa anzawo amtundu wa peregrine falcon - mbalame zosaposa khwangwala. Komabe, nthumwi za ufumu wa nthenga ndizofanana kunja kwa mzake. Komanso gyrfalcon imafanana ndi wachibale wofotokozedwayo m'mawu, koma mosiyana ndi iye, imatulutsa mawu osokosera: "kyak-kyak", ndikuwatulutsa mumalankhulidwe otsika komanso owuma.
Nthawi zina zimakhala ngati zokopa: "kek-kek". Koma phokoso lalitali komanso lamtendere limamveka kuchokera ku mbalameyi mchaka. Mlengalenga, gyrfalcon imathamanga mwachangu ndikupita patsogolo mwachangu, imakwera pamwamba ndipo siyimawuluka. Mbalame zoterezi zili m'gulu la zilombo zolimba kwambiri.
Kodi gyrfalcon imawoneka bwanji? Mbalame yayikuluyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wachilendo, wokongola komanso wokongola, mawonekedwe ovuta kuphatikiza mitundu yoyera, imvi, bulauni ndi mitundu ina, koma mimba yake nthawi zambiri imakhala yopepuka kuposa maziko a nthengayo.
Mapiko a zolengedwa izi ndi osongoka, akulu; kutuluka kumayima pakamwa; zikhasu zachikasu, zamphamvu; mchira wake ndi wautali. Mtundu wa mbalame zosiyanasiyana umatha kulamulidwa ndi madera oyera, abulauni, akuda ndi siliva, ndipo nthenga zawo ndizosiyana.
Gyrfalcon m'nyengo yozizira
Koma koposa zonse, mutha kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe a mbalamezi, akusisita pa chithunzi cha gyrfalcon... Mbalame zoterezi zimapezeka makamaka kumadera akumpoto a Eurasia ndi America, zimakhala kumadera akutali kwambiri komanso koopsa kwambiri - kozungulira, koma zimafalikiranso kumwera.
Mitundu
Funso la kuchuluka kwa zazing'ono ndi mitundu ya mbalamezi zimayambitsa kusamvana pakati pa akatswiri odziwa za mbalame. Kuphatikiza zotsutsana ndi funso la mitundu ingati ya oimira nyama zamapiko zomwe zimapezeka mdziko lathu. Mwachitsanzo, poyamba amaganiza kuti zida zaku Norway, Icelandic, ndi Arctic gyrfalcones ndizamitundu itatu.
Tsopano mwachizolowezi kuganiza kuti mitundu yonse yakumpoto ndi mtundu umodzi, yogawidwa m'magulu angapo amitundu ndi mitundu. Palinso zovuta zambiri monganso mitundu ina ya mbalamezi. Koma ife kufotokoza aliyense wa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.
1. Gyrfalcon waku Norway... Mbalame zoterezi zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yoyera, ku Lapland ndi Scandinavia. Nthawi zambiri alireza – wosamukira kudziko lina, koma pang'ono. Kutengera ndi malo okhala, kumatha kukhala. Koma okhala kumadera akumpoto, monga oimira mitundu yaku Norway, nthawi zambiri amasamukira kumwera ndikayamba nyengo yozizira. Chifukwa chake, m'nyengo yozizira, amatha kuwonedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana aku Central Europe, nthawi zina ngakhale kumadera ena akumwera kwa kontinentiyi.
Gyrfalcon waku Norway
Mbalame zamtundu wofotokozedwazo zimafanana ndi mphamba zamtundu. Amakhala ndi mitundumitundu yakuda kwambiri, yomwe imakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda komanso mawanga. Mutu wawo ndi wakuda, mchira uli wotuwa. Mbali yakumunsi ya nthenga zawo ndi yopepuka. Pali dzino lakuthwa pachibwano cha mulomo. Mphete yachikaso yowala imawonekera mozungulira maso a mbalame zotere. Kutalika kwamapiko amitundu yamtunduwu kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 37.
2. Ural Gyrfalcon, yomwe ndi yayikulu kuposa yapita, yomwe imagawidwa kwambiri ku Western Siberia. Komabe, nthawi zina pachaka, mbalamezi zimatha kusamukira kumadera ena. Mwachitsanzo, ma gyrfalcons ngati awa adawonedwa m'chigawo cha Baikal, kumwera kwa Altai, ngakhale m'maiko a Baltic. Mbalamezi zimasiyana ndi mitundu ya ku Norway yomwe imakhala yowala kwambiri komanso yozungulira nthawi zonse.
Ural Gyrfalcon
Nthenga za mitu yawo ndi zonyezimira ndipo ndi zamawangamawanga ndi mizere yayitali. Nthawi zina, pakati pa mbalame zamtunduwu, zitsanzo zoyera kwambiri zimakumana. Posachedwapa, zinali zachizolowezi kuwatumiza ku mitundu ina, koma tsopano malingaliro a oyang'anira mbalame asintha.
3. Gyrfalcon yoyera mu Middle Ages, ndiye kuti, panthawi yotchuka kwa mphekesera, amawerengedwa kuti ndiwofunika kwambiri ndipo amasankhidwa kuposa ena chifukwa cha kukongola kwake, ngakhale mbalame zoterozo, monga tsopano, zinali zosowa kwambiri.
Gyrfalcon yoyera
Kalelo mbalamezi zinali mphatso yamtengo wapatali ndipo zimaperekedwa kwa atsogoleri ankhondo ndi olamulira munthawi yosemphana ndale kuti akwaniritse mgwirizano, mtendere ndi bata. Nthawi zambiri, zolengedwa zokongola zamapiko zokhala ndi nthenga zoyera ngati chipale zimapezeka kumadera akumpoto, kumalo ozizira kwambiri.
4. Imvi gyrfalcon... Mbalame zoterezi zimapezeka, monga lamulo, kum'mawa kwa Siberia. Ndipo amasiyana ndi mitundu ya Ural pokhapokha pazinthu zazing'ono za mawonekedwe awo. Makamaka, ali ndi zilembo zamawangamawanga pamatupi awo. Koma ngakhale kukula kwake, oyimira mitundu iwiriyi ndi ofanana.
Greyfalcon yakuda ndi nyama yomwe ikuthawa
5. Altai gyrfalcon - subspecies zamapiri, zomwe zimawoneka kuti ndizosowa. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka kumwera chakumwera kuposa komwe amakhala. Kuphatikiza pa Altai, mbalame zofananira zimapezeka ku Tien Shan, Sayan, Tarbagatai. Pali milandu ya kusamukira kwawo ku Mongolia, Turkmenistan, mayiko aku Siberia. Mtundu wa mbalamezi umadziwika kuti ndiwunifolomu kuposa wachibale, ndipo pali mitundu iwiri: yowala (yosowa kwambiri) ndi yakuda.
Altai gyrfalcon
Kumapeto kwa kufotokozera kwa subspecies (lero amatchulidwa kawirikawiri mu mawonekedwe amodzi: "gyrfalcon"), ziyenera kufotokozedwanso kuti zonsezi sizinaphunzire mokwanira, ndipo gulu lawo silili bwino. Mwachitsanzo, olondera mbalame ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mtundu umodzi wokha wa mbalamezi ukufalikira ku Arctic America ndi Greenland, ndipo mitundu yawo yakuda ndi yoyera iyenera kungotengedwa ngati kusintha kwaanthu ena. Komabe, si akatswiri onse a zinyama amene amavomereza mfundo imeneyi.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Moyo wamtundu wa mbalamezi umaphunzitsidwanso moperewera. Zimadziwika kuti mitundu iyi ya gyrfalcones yomwe imakhala kumpoto, nthawi yazisamba, imafalikira kunyanja ya Polar ndikukhala pagombe lamiyala. Ma Gyrfalcons amapezekanso m'nkhalango, makamaka, maderawa amakhala ku Siberia, Eastern Europe, Scandinavia, komanso kumpoto kwa kontinenti yaku America.
Koma ngakhale zili choncho, amakonda kukhala kutali ndi nyanja, mitsinje ikuluikulu ndi madera ena amadzi. Ndipo izi ndizomveka, chifukwa zigawo zakumpoto, komwe mbalame zamtunduwu zimakhazikika, ndizambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo pafupi ndi madzi.
Kusaka kwa Gyrfalcon kunagwira
Monga tanenera kale, ma gyrfalcons ena, kutengera komwe amagawa, atha kukhala pansi, ena amayenda m'nyengo yozizira, amasamukira m'nkhalango zabwino kwambiri ndi malamba a nkhalango. Mitundu ina yosamukira imadziwikanso. Makamaka, mitundu ina yamapiri, mwachitsanzo, Central Asia, idasunthira kuchokera kumapiri ataliatali kupita ku zigwa. Ma Gyrfalcons amapanganso mayendedwe ena.
Gyrfalcon m'buku lofiira kapena ayi? Mosakayikira, uyu ndi nthumwi yosawerengeka ya nyama zamapiko, chifukwa cha zomwe zidaphatikizidwa m'buku. Ndipo chiwerengero chake chikuchepa mosalekeza. Izi ndichifukwa chakukula kwa malo okhala chitukuko cha anthu, pomwe anthu ambiri amafa chifukwa cha zochitika za anthu opha nyama mosayenera, kugwera mumisampha yawo.
Kugwira ma gyrfalcons kumatchuka kwambiri ku Russia, chifukwa kunja kwina mbalamezi zitha kugulitsidwa ndi ndalama zabwino kwambiri. Kuyambira kale, amawaona ngati mbalame zodya nyama posaka nyama. Ndipo anthu ambiri okonda masewerawa amayamikirabe mbalamezi. Mwachilengedwe, ma gyrfalcons amatha kuwukira ngakhale chimbalangondo ngati chikaopsa ku anapiye awo. Koma ndi mbalame zolimba mtima kwambiri komanso zowopsa zokha zomwe zimayesetsa kupha ma gyrfalcons iwowo. Kwenikweni, ziwombankhanga zagolidi zokha ndizo zimawopsa.
Mverani mawu a gyrfalcon
Ma Gyrfalcons amakhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri, chifukwa chake matenda pakati pa nthumwi za nthenga zamtunduwu sizofalikira ndipo ndizosowa. Komabe, akukhala mu ukapolo, mbalame zoterezi zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo, chifukwa zilibe chitetezo chamatenda omwe amakhala mthupi la munthu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma gyrfalcons omwe amalandidwa amafa pafupipafupi.
Zakudya zabwino
Merlin – wolusa mbalame ndi odabwitsa modabwitsa. Alenje oterewa amakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba zokhala ndi nkhono, ma guillemot, komanso oimira ena am'banja la auks, pafupi ndi malo omwe amatchedwa bazaar kapena mapiri a mbalame. Nthawi yomweyo, amalimbana ndi mamembala am'derali ndikuwadyetsa.
Chakudya cha gyrfalcons makamaka mbalame zapakatikati, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale zinyama. Chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha nyama yomwe idayimiridwa ndi oimira nyama zamapiko ndi pafupifupi 200 g. Gyrfalcon nthawi zambiri amadya chakudya chawo kutali ndi malo amisasa yozizira kapena zisa. Apa mutha kupeza mosavuta pakuchuluka kwa zotsalira za mafupa ndi chakudya chosadyedwa, udzu wothyoledwa ndi nthenga za ozunzidwa ndi adaniwo.
Gyrfalcon amadya nyama
Kuukira kwa Gyrfalcon kumafanana ndi momwe amphamba amaukira. Pakusaka, amatha kukwera kwambiri, kuchokera pomwe amathamangira pansi, ndikupinda mapiko awo, mwachangu kwambiri, kumenya nyama. Kuwomba kwa milomo yawo kumatha kulanda chinthu chomwe chingawononge moyo wawo nthawi yomweyo. Amatha kuthyola khosi kapena kuluma kumbuyo kwa mutu. Nthawi zina, amatenga wozunzidwayo, n kumugwira ndi zikhadabo zawo. Gyrfalcon imatha kuukira mbalame mlengalenga.
Merlin amayamba kusaka yekha. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito munthawi yolera ana, koma pakadali pano, maanja nthawi zambiri amayang'ana nyama m'mipata ya malo amodzi omwe amasankhidwa ndikugonjetsedwa nawo. Kwa anapiye aang'ono, bambo amagwira ndikubweretsa nyama. Amayi, komano, amawatchera anawo: amang'amba miyendo ndi mutu, komanso amawudula. Kukonzekera konseku kumapangidwa kunja kwa chisa kuti pasakhale dothi ndi ziwalo zovunda za zolengedwa zomwe zalandidwa.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Poyanjana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, oimira mafuko amitundumitunduwa amakhala ndi mkazi mmodzi, ndiye kuti, mabanja omwe amakhalapo amakhalabe ndi moyo wawo wonse. Monga lamulo, ma gyrfalcons amakhala m'matanthwe, posankha zipilala zopanda kanthu kapena mipata ngati malo okhala anapiye amtsogolo, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi denga kapena chingwe chochokera kumwamba.
Chisa cha Gyrfalcon pamtengo
Zisa zawo ndizomangidwa mopanda ulemu, ndipo pazida izi, akazi awo amangoyala nthenga, moss ndi udzu wouma m'miyala yamiyala. Nthawi zina, makolo amachita zinthu mosavuta ngati atakwanitsa kupeza zisa zoyenera mbalame zina, nthawi zambiri ziwombankhanga zagolidi, akhungubwe, makungubwi, amakhala mmenemo.
Koma zikapeza malo abwino, mbalamezi zimakonda kubwerera kumeneko chaka chilichonse. Amawakonzekeretsa nthawi zonse, kuwagwiritsa ntchito kwazaka zambiri, nthawi zina kwazaka zambiri, ndikupatsira mibadwo yamtsogolo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zisa zotere zimakhala bwino pakapita nthawi ndikukula, nthawi zina zimakhala zokulirapo mita mpaka theka mita ndi theka.
Gyrfalcon imapanganso zisa m'matanthwe.
Mazira nthawi zambiri amaikira mbalame zotere mpaka zidutswa zisanu nthawi imodzi. Koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa mu zowalamulira. Kukula kwa mazira, omwe ndi abulauni, ndi ocheperako kuposa mazira a nkhuku, ndipo nthawi zambiri amalemera osaposa magalamu 60. Makulitsidwe amatenga kupitirira mwezi umodzi. Kulera ndi kudyetsa anapiye kumatenga pafupifupi milungu eyiti.
Ndipo penapake mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, m'badwo watsopanowu umakalamba mokwanira ndikukhala olimba mokwanira kuti achoke pamalowo. Koma makolowo amapitiliza kusamalira ana awo mpaka miyezi inayi, ndipo mpaka Seputembala anawo amakhala limodzi. Zikafika chaka chimodzi, mbalame zazing'ono zimakhwima mokwanira kukhala ndi ana awo. Ndipo nthawi yonse ya moyo wa gyrfalcon m'malo ake achilengedwe amatha kukhala zaka 20.
