Cholengedwa chodabwitsa chachilengedwe chomwe chimatchedwa nthabwala ya Mulungu - nsanje... Malinga ndi fanizoli, atatha kupanga nyama, Ambuye adasonkhanitsa zotsalira za zida, adalumikizana ndi milomo ya bakha, tambala amatumphuka, mchira wa beaver, ubweya wa echidna, ndi magawo ena. Zotsatira zake ndi nyama yatsopano, yophatikiza mawonekedwe a zokwawa, mbalame, nyama, ngakhale nsomba.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Nyamayo inapezeka ku Australia m'zaka za zana la 18. Chinyama chodabwitsa, kufotokozera kwa platypus kunadzetsa mpungwepungwe wonena kuti ichi ndi chozizwitsa chachilengedwe. Aaborigine adapereka mayina angapo akumaloko, oyenda aku Europe adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mayina "bakha-mole", "mole mole", "mbalame-chirombo", koma dzina loti "platypus" lakhala likusungidwa kale.
Thupi lokhala ndi miyendo yayifupi ndi 30-40 cm kutalika, poganizira mchira masentimita 55. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu ndi 2 kg. Amuna amalemera kuposa akazi - amasiyana ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kulemera kwawo. Mchira uli ngati beaver - wokhala ndi tsitsi lomwe limapatuka pakapita nthawi.
Mchira wa nyama umasunga m'sitolo yamafuta. Chovalacho ndi chofewa komanso cholimba. Mtundu kumbuyo kwake ndi wandiweyani bulauni, pamimba pamtundu wofiyira, nthawi zina wa utoto wotuwa.
Mutu wozungulira wokhala ndi chimbudzi chachitali, osandulika mulomo wathyathyathya ngati bakha. Ndi kutalika kwa 6.5 cm ndi mulifupi masentimita 5. Kapangidwe kake ndikofewa, kokutidwa ndi khungu lotanuka. Pansi pake pali kansalu kamene kamatulutsa chinthu ndi fungo la musky.
Pamwamba pa mulomo pali mphuno, kapena m'malo mwake mphuno. Maso, mipata yamakutu imayikidwa pambali pamutu. Zolemba sizikupezeka. Platypus ikamizidwa m'madzi, mavavu azitho zonse amatseka.
Ziwalo zomvera, zowoneka bwino, zosintha zimalowedwa m'malo ndi mtundu wamagetsi - kuthekera kwachilengedwe kupeza nyama mukulanda mikondo mothandizidwa ndi ma elektroreceptor.
Pokasaka, nyamayo imayendetsabe mlomo wake mozungulira. Kukhudza kwakukulu kwakukhudza kumathandizira kuzindikira minda yamagetsi yofooka pomwe ma crustaceans amayenda. Platypus - nyama wapadera, popeza ngakhale ma elektroreceptor otere amapezeka mu echidna, satenga gawo lofunikira pakupeza chakudya.
Mano amapezeka m'matumba akuluakulu, koma amathothoka msanga. M'malo mwake, mbale ya keratinized imapangidwa. Zikwama zamatama pakamwa lokulitsidwa zimasinthidwa kuti zisungire chakudya. Nkhono, nsomba zazing'ono, crustaceans zimakafika kumeneko.
Zingwe zonse zimasinthidwa posambira, kukumba pansi. Mimbulu yakusambira yamiyendo yakutsogolo imafalikira poyenda, koma m'mbali mwa nyanja imakhazikika kuti zikhadazo zikhale kutsogolo. Miyendo yosambira imasandulika zida zokumba.
Miyendo yakumbuyo yokhala ndi zibangili zomwe sizinakule bwino imakhala ngati chiwongolero posambira, mchira wake umakhazikika. Pamtunda, platypus imayenda ngati chokwawa - miyendo ya nyama ili m'mbali mwa thupi.
Kodi platypus ndi gulu liti la nyama?, sanasankhe nthawi yomweyo. Pakufufuza za physiology, asayansi adakhazikitsa kukhalapo kwa zopangitsa za mammary mwa akazi - ichi chidakhala maziko otsimikizira kuti cholengedwa chapaderacho ndi cha zinyama.
Kagayidwe nyama ndi zodabwitsa kwambiri. Kutentha kwa thupi kumangokhala 32 ° C. Koma posungira kozizira, pa 5 ° C, chifukwa chakulimbitsa kwakanthawi kanyama, chinyama chimakhala ndi kutentha thupi.
Platypus imakhala ndi chitetezo chodalirika - malovu owopsa. Izi ndizofunikira, chifukwa nthawi zambiri chinyama chimakhala chosasunthika, chosavutikira mdani. Poizoni amapha nyama zing'onozing'ono monga galu wa dingo. Kwa imfa ya munthu, mlingowo ndi wochepa kwambiri, koma wopweteka, umayambitsa edema kwa nthawi yayitali.
The poison mu nyama amapangidwa ndi gland pa ntchafu, yopitilira kumtunda kwa horny pa miyendo yakumbuyo. Chiwalo chotetezera chimaperekedwa mwa amuna okha, kutuluka kwa akazi kumazimiririka mchaka choyamba cha moyo. Ma spurs amafunikira amuna kuti amenye nkhondo, kutetezedwa kwa adani.
Kotero, kuti agwire nyama, agalu anatumizidwa, omwe anali kufunafuna ma platypuses osati pamtunda, komanso m'madzi. Koma atalandira jakisoni wakupha, alenjewo adamwalira. Chifukwa chake, pali adani ochepa achilengedwe a platypus. Itha kukhala nyama ya nyalugwe, kuyang'anira buluzi, nsato, yomwe imakwawira mumtsinje wa nyama.
Mitundu
Malinga ndi akatswiri a zoo, pamodzi ndi mphiri, gulu la monotremes likuyimira nsanje. Ndi gulu liti la nyama malingana ndi mawonekedwe a nyamayi, sichinadziwike nthawi yomweyo. Nyama yapaderayi idakhala m'gulu la banja la platypus, momwe imayimira yokha. Ngakhale abale apamtima kwambiri a platypus amafanana pang'ono.
Pamaziko a oviposition, pali kufanana ndi zokwawa. Koma kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu kwamomwe mkaka umadyetsera anawo kunapereka chifukwa chosankhira platypus mgulu la mamalia.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Anthu a Platypus amakhala ku Australia, zilumba za Tasmania, Kunguru m'mbali mwa gombe lakumwera kwa mainland. Gawo lalikulu logawira anthu kuchokera ku Tasmania mpaka ku Queesland tsopano likuchepa. Nyamayo idasowa kwathunthu kumadera akumwera Australia chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwa madzi amderalo.
Platypus ku Australia amakhala m'matumba osiyanasiyana amadzi, m'mphepete mwa nyanja zamitsinje yayikulu. Malo okhala nyama ndi madzi abwino okhala ndi kutentha kwa 25-30 ° C. Ma Platypuses amapewa matupi amadzi amchere, amakhala tcheru ndi kuipitsa kosiyanasiyana.
Nyamayo imasambira ndikusambira bwino kwambiri. Amadumphira m'madzi mpaka mphindi 5. Khalani mosungira mosamala mpaka maola 12 patsiku. Platypus imamva bwino m'madambo, nyanja, mitsinje ya Alpine, mitsinje yotentha.
Moyo wam'madzi am'madzi umalumikizidwa ndi tsamba lokondedwa - dziwe lokhala chete pakatikati pa nkhalango m'mabanki okwezeka. Malo abwino okhala ndi mtsinje wodekha m'nkhalango.
Kuchuluka ntchito kumaonekera usiku, m'bandakucha m'mawa ndi madzulo. Ino ndi nthawi yosakira, popeza kufunika kokonzanso tsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala kotala la kulemera kwake. Masana, nyama zimagona tulo. Platypus imasaka nyama, kutembenuza miyala ndi mulomo wake kapena miyendo, ndikuyambitsa matope kuchokera pansi.
Bowo la nyama, molunjika, mpaka 10 mita m'litali, ndiye pothawirapo. Kupanga kwa njira yapansi panthaka kumapereka chipinda chamkati chopumulira ndi kuswana ana, kutuluka awiri. Imodzi ili pansi pa mizu ya mitengo, m'nkhalango zowirira zazitali kutalika kwa 3.6 m pamwamba pamadzi, inayo ndiyomwe ili pansi pamadzi. Khomo lolowera ndilopangidwa mwapadera ndi kutseguka kochepetsera madzi kuchokera ku tsitsi la platypus.
M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimabisala masiku 5-10 mu Julayi. Nthawiyo imagwera madzulo a nyengo yoswana. Mtengo wa hibernation sunakhazikitsidwe bwino. Ndizotheka kuti izi ndizofunikira kwa ma platypus kuti apeze mphamvu zofunikira nyengo isanakwane.
Zochitika ku Australia ndizomangika kumalo awo okhala, osakhalitsa, osasunthira kutali ndi komwe amakhala. Nyama zimakhala zokha, sizimapanga kulumikizana ndi anthu. Akatswiri amazitcha zolengedwa zakale, osazindikiridwa ndi luso lililonse.
Kusamala kwakukulu kwapangidwa. M'malo omwe samasokonezedwa, ma platypus amayandikira malire amzindawu.
Nthawi ina ma platypuses adafafanizidwa chifukwa cha ubweya wawo wokongola, koma chinthu chowedza ichi chidaletsedwa kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20. Anthu adachepa, ndipo malowa adakhala ojambula. Anthu aku Australia akuyesetsa kuteteza ma platypus m'malo osungidwa. Zovuta zimawonetsedwa pakusamutsidwa kwa nyama chifukwa cha mantha awo, chisangalalo.
Kuswana kwa ukapolo sikuchita bwino. Ndizovuta kupeza nyama yowopsya kwambiri kuposa platypus - nyama yanji wokhoza kusiya dzenje chifukwa cha phokoso lililonse lachilendo? Liwu lachilendo la ma platypus, kugwedera, limagwetsera nyama pachikhalidwe chokhazikika masiku angapo, nthawi zina masabata.
Kuswana kwa kalulu ku Australia kwadzetsa mavuto ambiri kwa gulu la platypus. Kukumba maenje a akalulu kunasokoneza nyama zovuta, kuwapangitsa kuti achoke m'malo omwe amakonda. Kuopsa kotha chifukwa cha zikhalidwe za zinyama ndizambiri. Kusaka ndikoletsedwa, koma kusintha malo okhala kumatha kuwononga tsogolo la platypus.
Zakudya zabwino
Zakudya zatsiku ndi tsiku za nyama yodabwitsayi zimaphatikizapo zamoyo zosiyanasiyana: nyama zazing'ono zam'madzi, nyongolotsi, mphutsi, tadpoles, molluscs, crustaceans. Platypus ikugwedeza pansi ndi mawoko ake, ndi mulomo wake - imanyamula nyama zomwe zidakwezedwa m'matumba a masaya. Kuphatikiza pa anthu okhala m'chipindachi, zomera zam'madzi zimafikanso pamenepo.
Pamtunda, nyama zonse zimapukutidwa ndi nsagwada. Mwambiri, platypus, wodzichepetsa pachakudya, imangofunika chakudya chokwanira chokha. Ndiwosambira bwino kwambiri yemwe, mwachangu komanso mosunthika, amatha kusonkhanitsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zodyedwa chifukwa chamagetsi.
Kususuka makamaka kumawoneka mwa akazi pa nthawi yoyamwitsa. Pali zitsanzo zodziwika pomwe platypus wamkazi adadya chakudya chofanana ndi kulemera kwake patsiku.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Ziwalo zoberekera za amuna pafupifupi sizimasiyana ndi nyama zoyambirira, pomwe mkazi amakhala pafupi ndi mbalame kapena zokwawa pogwira ntchito m'mimba mwake. Nthawi yoberekera itatha nthawi yayitali yozizira imayamba kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka kumapeto kwa Novembala.
Mwamuna amayenera kuluma mchira wake kuti akope chidwi cha mkazi. Nyamazo zimayenda mozungulira mu umodzi mwamiyambo inayi ya chibwenzi, ngati kuti zikuyang'anitsitsa, kenako zimakwatirana. Amuna ali ndi mitala, samapanga magulu awiri okhazikika.
Mkazi amagwira ntchito yomanga dzenje la ana. Wamphongo amachotsedwa pakakonzedwe ka chisa ndikusamalira ana. Bowolo limasiyana ndi pogona momwe limakhalira kutalika kwake, kupezeka kwa chipinda chogona. Mkazi amabweretsa zinthu zopangira chisa ndi mchira wake womangika pamimba pake - izi ndi zimayambira, masamba. Kuchokera m'madzi ndi alendo osayitanidwa, khomalo ladzaza ndi mapulagi adothi okwera masentimita 15-20. Kudzimbidwa kumapangidwa ndi mchira, womwe platypus imagwiritsa ntchito ngati chopondera.
Mazira amawonekera pakatha masabata awiri mutakwatirana, nthawi zambiri amakhala zidutswa 1-3. Maonekedwe awo amafanana ndi zomangamanga - zokhala ndi chipolopolo chopepuka, pafupifupi 1 cm m'mimba mwake. Chinyezi chokhazikika pachisa sichimalola kuti mazirawo aume.
Amalumikizidwa ndi chinthu chomata. Makulitsidwewo amakhala masiku 10. Pakadali pano, mkaziyo amagona pafupi, pafupifupi samachoka padzenje.
Anawo amapyoza chipolopolocho ndi dzino, lomwe limagwa, limawoneka lamaliseche, losaona, lalitali pafupifupi masentimita 2.5. Mkaka umatuluka kudzera m'mimba mwa m'mimba, makanda amawunyambita. Mkaka kumatenga miyezi inayi. Maso amatseguka patatha milungu 11.
Pakadutsa miyezi 3-4, anawo amapanga tchuthi chawo choyamba kuchokera kubowolo. Pakudyetsa ana, mkazi nthawi zina amapita kukasaka, amatseka bowo ndi chimbudzi chadothi. Ma Platypuses amakhala odziyimira pawokha komanso okhwima pogonana mchaka chimodzi. Moyo wa nyama zodabwitsa m'chilengedwe sunaphunzire mokwanira. M'malo osungira, zimatha pafupifupi zaka 10.
Okhulupirira chisinthiko sanatanthauzire mwambiwo ndi mayina platypus nyama yanji anali patsogolo pake pakukula kwachitukuko. Pali chisokonezo chathunthu pankhaniyi. Platypus pachithunzichi Amapanga chithunzi cha chidole choseketsa, koma m'moyo amadabwitsa akatswiri kwambiri, kutsimikizira ndi umunthu wake kuti chikhalidwe chathu chimasunga zinsinsi zambiri.
