Akhal-Teke kavalo - wakale kwambiri komanso wokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mitunduyi idachokera ku Turkmenistan nthawi ya Soviet, ndipo kenako idafalikira kudera la Kazakhstan, Russia, Uzbekistan. Mtundu wamahatchiwu umapezeka pafupifupi m'maiko onse, kuyambira ku Europe mpaka Asia, ku America, komanso ku Africa.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Hatchi ya Akhal-Teke
Masiku ano, pali mitundu yoposa 250 yamahatchi padziko lapansi yomwe yakhala ikuwukitsidwa ndi anthu kwazaka zambiri. Mtundu wa Akhal-Teke umayima wokha ngati gulu loyang'anira mahatchi. Zinatenga zaka zopitilira zitatu kuti apange mtundu uwu. Tsiku lenileni la kuwonekera koyamba kwa mtundu wa Akhal-Teke silikudziwika, koma zoyambilira zoyambirira zidayamba zaka za 4th-3th BC. Bucephalus, kavalo wokondedwa wa Alexander the Great, anali kavalo wa Akhal-Teke.
Zinsinsi za kubereka zidaperekedwa kuchokera kwa bambo kupita kwa mwana wamwamuna. Hatchiyo anali mnzake woyamba komanso mnzake wapamtima. Akavalo amakono a Akhal-Teke adalandira zabwino za makolo awo. Kunyada kwa ma Turkmens, akavalo a Akhal-Teke ndi gawo la chizindikiro cha boma la Turkmenistan.
Kanema: Hatchi ya Akhal-Teke
Akavalo-Teke amachokera ku kavalo wakale waku Turkmen, yemwe anali amodzi mwa "mitundu" yoyambirira ya akavalo omwe adadutsa Bering Strait kuchokera ku America nthawi zakale. Poyamba idapangidwa ndi a Turkmens. Pakadali pano, akavalo a Akhal-Teke amakhala m'maiko ena akumwera kwa USSR wakale.
Hatchi ya Akhal-Teke ndi mtundu wachi Turkmen womwe umapezeka m'chigawo chakumwera cha dziko lamakono la Turkmenistan. Akavalo amadziwika kuti mahatchi apamahatchi ndi mahatchi othamanga kwa zaka 3000. Akavalo-Teke ali ndi magwiridwe achilengedwe ndipo ndi akavalo odziwika bwino mderali. Hatchi ya Akhal-Teke imachokera kudera lopanda madzi.
Kuyambira kale, idadziwika kuti ndi yopirira kwambiri komanso yolimba mtima. Chinsinsi cha kulimba kwa akavalo a Akhal-Teke ndichakudya chomwe sichikhala ndi chakudya chambiri koma chokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi batala ndi mazira osakanikirana ndi balere. Masiku ano akavalo a Akhal-Teke amagwiritsidwa ntchito powonetsa komanso kuvala zovala kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo tsiku ndi tsiku pansi pa chishalo.
Mtunduwo siwambiri ndipo umaimiridwa ndi mitundu 17:
- posman;
- gelishikli;
- ale;
- famu ya boma-2;
- nthawi zonse telecom;
- akulemba;
- ak sakal;
- melekush;
- kuthamanga;
- kir sakar;
- kapu;
- chikumbutso;
- sulfure;
- Chiarabu;
- gundogar;
- perrine;
- alireza.
Kuzindikiritsa kumachitika powunika kwa DNA ndipo akavalo amapatsidwa nambala yolembetsera ndi pasipoti. Mahatchi okwanira a Akhal-Teke akuphatikizidwa mu State Stud Book.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe kavalo wa Akhal-Teke amawonekera
Hatchi ya Akhal-Teke imasiyanitsidwa ndi malamulo owuma, mawonekedwe okokomeza, khungu lowonda, nthawi zambiri lokhala ndi chovala chachitsulo, khosi lalitali lokhala ndi mutu wopepuka. Akavalo-Teke amatha kuwoneka ndi diso la chiwombankhanga. Mitunduyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda pamahatchi ndipo imakhala yolimba pantchitoyo. Atakwera nthumwi za mtundu wa Akhal-Teke amasangalatsa ngakhale wokwera waluso kwambiri, amasuntha mofatsa ndikudzisunga moyenera, osagwedezeka.
Mahatchi a Akhal-Teke amakhala ndi minofu yolimba komanso mafupa owonda. Thupi lawo nthawi zambiri limafaniziridwa ndi la kavalo wonyezimira kapena nyalugwe - ili ndi thunthu lochepa komanso chifuwa chakuya. Maonekedwe a kavalo wa Akhal-Teke ndiwophwatalala kapena owoneka pang'ono pang'ono, koma ena amawoneka ngati mphalapala. Amatha kukhala ndi maso a amondi kapena maso.
Hatchiyo ili ndi makutu owonda, atali ndi kumbuyo, thupi lathyathyathya komanso mapewa otsetsereka. Mane ndi mchira wake ndizochepa komanso zoonda. Ponseponse, kavalo uyu amawoneka wolimba komanso wolimba. M'malo mwake, zimawoneka ngati zopanda pake kuti mtunduwu ndi wonenepa kapena wofooka kwambiri. Mahatchi a Akhal-Teke amachita chidwi ndi mitundu yawo komanso mitundu yochititsa chidwi. Mitundu yosowa kwambiri yomwe imapezeka pamtunduwu ndi: nswala, nightingale, isabella, imvi yokha ndi khwangwala, bay bay, ofiira, ndipo pafupifupi mitundu yonse imakhala ndi chitsulo chagolide kapena chasiliva.
Kodi kavalo wa Akhal-Teke amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Hatchi Yakuda Akhal-Teke
Hatchi ya Akhal-Teke imapezeka m'chipululu cha Kara-Kum ku Turkmenistan, koma kuchuluka kwawo kwatsika pambuyo poti ena mwa mahatchi abwino kwambiri abweretsedwa ku Russia motsogozedwa ndi Soviet. Anthu aku Turkmen sakanapulumuka popanda mahatchi a Akhal-Teke, komanso mosemphanitsa. Anthu aku Turkmen anali anthu oyamba m'chipululu kupanga kavalo woyenera chilengedwe. Cholinga lero ndikuyesa kuweta akavalo ambiri.
Hatchi yamakono ya Akhal-Teke ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pakupulumuka kwa chiphunzitso champhamvu kwambiri, chomwe chakhala chikugwira ntchito kwazaka zambiri. Adakumana ndi zovuta zachilengedwe zomwe sizinachitikepo komanso kuyesedwa kwa ambuye awo.
Kuti apange malaya okongola a kavalo wa Akhal-Teke, muyenera kusamba kavalo wanu nthawi zonse. Gawo lirilonse la kudzikongoletsa lipatsanso nyamazi chisamaliro chomwe amafunikira ndikulimbitsa ubale wanu ndi kavalo wanu.
Zida zofunikira pakukonzekeretsa mahatchi, kuphatikiza shampu ya akavalo, chosankhira ziboda, burashi, zisa, tsamba loponyera, chisa cha mane, burashi ya mchira, ndi burashi ya thupi, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa dothi, tsitsi lowonjezera, ndi zinyalala zina m'thupi lonse akavalo.
Kodi kavalo wa Akhal-Teke amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Hatchi Yoyera Akhal-Teke
Mahatchi a Akhal-Teke ndi amodzi mwamitundu yamahatchi padziko lapansi omwe adyetsedwa zakudya zamafuta ndi nyama kuti athane ndi mavuto (komanso opanda udzu) ku Turkmenistan. Turkmens amamvetsetsa bwino maphunziro a kavalo; kukulitsa zochita za nyama, amatha kuchepetsa chakudya chake, makamaka madzi, mpaka kuchepa kwakukulu. Alfau wouma umalowedwa m'malo ndi zidutswa zodulidwa, ndipo ma oats anayi a balere amaphatikizidwa ndi nyama yamphongo.
Nayi mitundu yabwino yazakudya kwa iwo:
- Udzu ndi chakudya chawo chachilengedwe, chomwe chimathandiza kwambiri kugaya chakudya (ngakhale samalani kuti kavalo wanu amadya udzu wobiriwira kwambiri mchaka, chifukwa izi zimatha kuyambitsa laminitis). Onetsetsani kuti mwathetsanso chilichonse chomwe chingakhale chovulaza mahatchi kuchokera ku busa lanu;
- udzu umapangitsa kuti kavalo akhale wathanzi ndipo kagayidwe kake kagayidwe kamagwira bwino ntchito, makamaka m'miyezi yozizira kwambiri kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka koyambirira kwamasika pomwe msipu sapezeka
- zipatso kapena ndiwo zamasamba - izi zimawonjezera chinyezi mu chakudya. Kudulidwa kwathunthu kwa karoti ndibwino;
- Zimakhazikika - Ngati kavalo ndi wokalamba, wamng'ono, woyamwitsa, wapakati kapena wopikisana, veterinarian wanu angakulimbikitseni kuphatikiza monga chimanga, oats, balere ndi chimanga. Izi zimapatsa mphamvu kavalo. Kumbukirani kuti zitha kukhala zowopsa mukasakaniza zolakwika kapena kuphatikiza, ndikupangitsa kusalinganika kwa mchere.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Akhal-Teke mtundu wa akavalo
Hatchi ya Akhal-Teke ndi mtundu wolimba modabwitsa womwe umazolowera moyo wovuta kwawo. Amachita bwino pafupifupi nyengo iliyonse. Wokwera wodekha komanso woyenera, kavalo wa Akhal-Teke amakhala tcheru nthawi zonse, koma sivuta kuyendetsa, chifukwa chake sioyenera okwera kumene. Eni ake ena akuti mahatchi a Akhal-Teke ndi agalu am'banja mdziko la equine omwe amawonetsa kukondana kwa eni.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Hatchi ya Akhal-Teke ndi yanzeru komanso yofulumira kuphunzitsa, yovuta kwambiri, yofatsa ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yolumikizana kwambiri ndi mwini wake, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala "wokwera m'modzi".
Chikhalidwe china chosangalatsa cha kavalo wa Akhal-Teke ndi lynx. Popeza mtunduwu umachokera kuchipululu chamchenga, mayendedwe ake amawerengedwa kuti ndi ofewa komanso otentha, okhala ndi mawonekedwe owongoka komanso oyenda. Hatchiyo imayenda bwino ndipo siyimitsa thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwedezeka kwake kumayenda momasuka, kuthamanga ndikotalika komanso kosavuta, ndipo kulumpha kumatha kuonedwa ngati mphalapala.
Hatchi ya Akhal-Teke ndi yochenjera, yofulumira kuphunzira komanso yofatsa, koma imathanso kukhala yamphamvu kwambiri, yamphamvu, yolimba mtima komanso yamakani. Kutalika kwachangu, kwachangu, kwachangu komanso kosalala kwa kavalo wa Akhal-Teke kumapangitsa kukhala kavalo woyenera kupikisana pamiyeso komanso kuthamanga. Kuthamanga kwake kumamupangitsanso kukhala woyenera kuvala zovala ndi ziwonetsero.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Hatchi ya Akhal-Teke
Pafupifupi zaka 10,000 zapitazo, chipululu chitadutsa ku Central Asia, akavalo okhazikika omwe amakhala m'malo odyetserako ziweto adayamba kusintha kukhala akavalo owonda komanso okoma koma olimba omwe masiku ano amakhala ku Turkmenistan. Chakudya ndi madzi zikucheperachepera, kulemera kwa kavaloyo kunasinthidwa ndikuchepera.
Khosi lalitali, mutu wamtali, maso okulirapo, ndi makutu aatali asintha kuti kavalo azitha kuwona, kununkhiza komanso kumva nyama zolusa m'zidikha zowonekera.
Mtundu wagolide wofala pakati pa akavalo a Akhal-Teke unapereka chinsinsi chobisalira polowera m'chipululu. Chifukwa cha kusankha kwachilengedwe, mtundu wina udapangidwa womwe udzakhale kunyada kwa Turkmenistan.
Mahatchi a Akhal-Teke amapangidwa mochuluka kwambiri motero alibe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majini.
Izi zimapangitsa kuti mtunduwo utengeke ndimatenda angapo okhudzana ndi chibadwa.
Mwachitsanzo:
- mavuto ndi chitukuko cha khomo lachiberekero, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti wobbler syndrome;
- cryptorchidism - kusowa kwa machende amodzi kapena awiri mndende, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutsekeka kukhale kovuta ndipo kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zina pamakhalidwe ndi thanzi;
- maliseche foal syndrome, zomwe zimapangitsa ana kubadwa opanda tsitsi, okhala ndi zopindika m'mano ndi nsagwada komanso chizolowezi chokhala ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana am'mimba, kupweteka ndi zina zambiri.
Adani achilengedwe a akavalo a Akhal-Teke
Chithunzi: Momwe kavalo wa Akhal-Teke amawonekera
Mahatchi a Akhal-Teke alibe adani achilengedwe, amatetezedwa bwino kwa omwe akufuna zoipa. Fuko la Akhal-Teke makamaka ndi mtundu womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera m'mapulogalamu onse oswana ndi osakanikirana kuti ukhale wolimba, wofunda, wopirira, wothamanga komanso waluso ndipo adzakhala mnzake wokhulupirika komanso wofatsa kwa wokwera kapena mwini zisangalalo.
Kuletsedwa kwa zogulitsa kunja kuchokera ku Soviet Union kudathandizira kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa akavalo a Akhal-Teke, kusowa kwa ndalama ndi kasamalidwe ka ziweto kudakhalanso ndi vuto lina.
Ena amati mapangidwe awo osafunikira, omwe nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa pazithunzi za khosi la nkhosa, njira zooneka ngati chikwakwa, matupi ataliatali kwambiri, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala osowa zakudya m'thupi, mwina sanathandizenso mtundu uwu.
Koma mtundu wa Akhal-Teke ukusintha, ndipo ngakhale amapangidwira mpikisano wothamanga ku Russia ndi Turkmenistan, oweta angapo amasankhidwa kuti athe kupeza mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe, kulumpha, masewera ndi mayendedwe omwe angapangitse kuthekera kwawo kuchita bwino ndikupikisana. ndikupambana pamayendedwe okwera pamahatchi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Hatchi ya Akhal-Teke ku Russia
Kavalo wakale waku Turkmen anali wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina yamasiku ano kotero kuti kavalo anali wofunidwa kwambiri. Anthu aku Turkmen achita zotheka kuteteza kufalikira kosalamulirika kwa akavalo awo otchuka. Komabe, adakwanitsa kusunga mawonekedwe abwino komanso kukongola kwa kavalo wawo wapadziko lonse.
Mpaka posachedwa, anali osadziwika kunja kwa kwawo, Turkmenistan. Masiku ano padziko lapansi pali mahatchi pafupifupi 6,000 a Akhal-Teke, makamaka ku Russia komanso kwawo ku Turkmenistan, komwe kavaloyo ndi chuma chamayiko.
Lero hatchi ya Akhal-Teke makamaka ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Anzake aku Persia adapitilirabe kuswana ndipo amatha kudziwika ngati mitundu yosiyana, ngakhale kusakanikirana kwamitundu mitundu nthawi zonse kumachitika.
Hatchi iyi ikudziwika pang'onopang'ono padziko lapansi, monga momwe kuwunika kwa DNA kunawonetsera kuti magazi ake amayenda mumitundu yathu yonse yamahatchi amakono. Zomwe adapereka zimakhudza kwambiri, nkhani yake ndiyachikondi, ndipo anthu omwe amawakulira amakhala momwemo zaka 2000 zapitazo.
Akhal-Teke kavalo Ndi mtundu wakale wamahatchi womwe ndi chizindikiro cha dziko la Turkmenistan. Mitundu yonyadayi yamtunduwu idayamba kalekale komanso ku Greece wakale. Mtundu uwu ndi kavalo wakale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo wakhala zaka zoposa 3,000. Lero mahatchi awa amadziwika kuti ndi abwino kwambiri kukwera. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kavalo wokwera m'modzi chifukwa amakana kukhala china chilichonse osati mwini wake weniweni.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 11.09.2019
Tsiku losintha: 25.08.2019 nthawi ya 1:01
