Selo lanyama limachokera kuchomera chomera. Kulingalira kwa asayansi kutengera zomwe a Euglena Zelena adawona. Mu unicellular iyi, mawonekedwe a nyama ndi chomera amaphatikizidwa. choncho Euglena tinawona gawo lakusintha ndikutsimikizira chiphunzitso cha umodzi wazinthu zonse zamoyo. Malinga ndi chiphunzitsochi, munthu adachokera kwa anyani komanso kuchokera ku zomera. Kodi tiyenera kukankhira kumbuyo chiphunzitso cha Darwin kumbuyo?
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a Euglena
M'magulu omwe alipo Euglena Zelena amatanthauza mtundu umodzi wa algae. Monga mbewu zina, chomera chamtundu umodzi chimakhala ndi chlorophyll. Chifukwa chake, mu zizindikiro za Euglena Zelena Zimaphatikizapo luso la photosynthesis - kutembenuka kwa mphamvu yakuwala kukhala mankhwala. Izi ndizofanana ndi zomera. Itha kuwonedwa ndi microscope, yomwe ingagulidwe m'sitolo yama microscope.
Kapangidwe ka Euglena Zelena akusonyeza kupezeka kwa ma chloroplast 20 mchipinda. Ndi mwa iwo momwe chlorophyll imakhudzira. Ma chloroplast ndi mbale zobiriwira ndipo amapezeka m'maselo omwe ali ndi khungu pakati. Kudyetsa dzuwa kumatchedwa autotrophic. Euglena amagwiritsa ntchito masana.
Kapangidwe ka Euglena Zelena
Khumbo la zamoyo zamagetsi zounikira limatchedwa phototaxis yabwino. Usiku, ndere ndi heterotrophic, ndiko kuti, imatenga zinthu zakuthambo m'madzi. Madzi ayenera kukhala abwino. Chifukwa chake, Euglena amapezeka m'madziwe, mayiwe, madambo, mitsinje, posankha omwe adetsedwa. M'madamu okhala ndi madzi oyera, ndere ndizochepa kapena palibe.
Kukhala m'matupi amadzi odetsedwa, Euglena Zelenaya atha kunyamula ma trypanos ndi Leishmania. Otsatirawa ndi omwe amachititsa matenda angapo akhungu. Trypanosomes imayambitsanso kukula kwa matenda akugona aku Africa. Zimakhudza mitsempha yam'mimba, yamanjenje, ndipo imayambitsa malungo.
Kukonda madzi osasunthika okhala ndi zotsalira za euglena ndizokhudzana ndi amoeba. Heroine wa nkhaniyi amathanso kuyambira mu aquarium. Ndikwanira kuiwala za kusefera, kusintha madzi mmenemo kwakanthawi. Ngati pali Euglena mu aquarium, madzi amamasula. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri am'madzi am'madzi amaganiza kuti ndere zamtundu umodzi ndizomwe zimakhala ngati tiziromboti.
Tiyenera kunyamula nkhokwe zanyumba ndimankhwala, kwinaku tikusamutsa nsomba m'makontena ena. Komabe, akatswiri ena am'madzi amatenga heroine wa nkhaniyi ngati chakudya cha mwachangu. Omalizawa amazindikira Euglene ngati nyama, akuwona kuyenda kokhazikika.
Euglena imafalikira kunyumba ngati chakudya cha mwachangu. Osapita ku dziwe nthawi zonse. Protozoa imachulukitsa msanga m'mbale iliyonse ndi madzi akuda. Chinthu chachikulu sikutulutsa mbale masana. Kupanda kutero, njira ya photosynthesis imatha.
Zakudya za Heterotrophic, zomwe Euglena amakhala usiku, ndi chizindikiro cha nyama. Nyama ina yokhala ndi khungu limodzi imaphatikizapo:
- Kuyenda mwachangu. Khola la Euglena Green ali ndi flagellum. Kuyenda kwake mozungulira kumapangitsa kuti algae ayende bwino. Imayenda pang'onopang'ono. Izi ndizosiyana Euglena Green ndi Infusoria Shoe... Yotsirizira imayenda bwino, kukhala ndi cilia ambiri m'malo mwa flagellum imodzi. Ndi achidule komanso opupuluma.
- Kuyendetsa vacuoles. Iwo ali ngati mphete zaminyewa.
- Nyuzi yamlomo. Mwakutero, Euglena alibe pakamwa. Komabe, poyesa kutenga chakudya chopangidwa ndi zinthu zopanda moyo, makinawo amodzimodzi, amalowetsa mkati mwa mbali ina yakunja. Chakudya chimasungidwa mchipinda chino.
Popeza Green Euglena ali ndi zizindikilo za zomera ndi zinyama, asayansi amatsutsana za kukhala wa heroine wa nkhaniyi ku ufumu wina. Ambiri pakuwerengera Euglena kuzomera. Nyama zodziwika bwino zimawerengedwa ndi pafupifupi 15% ya asayansi. Ena onse amawona Euglene ngati mawonekedwe apakatikati.
Zizindikiro za Euglena Zelena
Thupi la unicellular limakhala ndi mawonekedwe a fusiform. Ali ndi chipolopolo cholimba. Kutalika kwa thupi kumayandikira mamilimita 0,5. Pamaso pa thupi la Euglena ndizovuta. Pali diso lofiira apa. Ndizowoneka bwino ndipo zimalola ma unicellular kuti apeze malo "odyetserako" masana. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa maso m'malo omwe Euglene amadzipezera, mawonekedwe amadzi amawoneka ofiira, ofiira.
Euglena Green pansi pa microscope
Flagellum imaphatikizidwanso kumapeto kwa thupi. Ana obadwa kumene sangakhale nawo, chifukwa khungu limagawika pakati. Flagellum amakhalabe gawo limodzi. Kachiwiri, chiwalo chamagalimoto chimakula pakapita nthawi. Kumbuyo kwa thupi Chomera cha Euglena Green ali ndi choloza. Izi zimathandizira kuti algae azilowa m'madzi, kuwongolera kuyenda bwino, motero kuthamanga.
Heroine wa nkhaniyi amadziwika ndi kagayidwe kake. Ndikutha kusintha mawonekedwe amthupi. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri imakhala yopota, itha kukhala:
- ngati mtanda
- kugubuduza
- ozungulira
- chotupa.
Mulimonse momwe Euglena alili, flagellum yake simawoneka ngati khungu lili lamoyo. Njirayi imabisika m'maso chifukwa cha kuyenda kwakanthawi. Diso la munthu silingagwire. Kuchuluka kwake kwa flagellum kumathandizanso pa izi. Mutha kuyiyang'ana pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu.
Kapangidwe ka Euglena
Mwachidule mwachidule zomwe zidanenedwa m'machaputala oyamba, Euglena Green - nyama kapena zomera, zopangidwa ndi:
- Flagellum, kupezeka kwake komwe kumapereka Euglena m'gulu la ma flagellates. Oimira ake ali ndi njira 1 mpaka 4. Mzere wa flagellum ndi pafupifupi 0.25 micrometer. Njirayi imakutidwa ndi nembanemba ya m'magazi ndipo imapangidwa ndi ma microtubes. Amasuntha wina ndi mnzake. Izi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kayendedwe ka flagellum. Amalumikizidwa ndi matupi awiri oyambira. Amasunga flagellum yachangu mu cytoplasm ya selo.
- Peephole. Amatchedwanso manyazi. Muli ulusi wama optic ndi mapangidwe ofanana ndi mandala. Chifukwa cha iwo, diso limagwira. Magetsi ake amawonekera pa flagellum. Atalandira chidwi, amayamba kusuntha. Chiwalo chofiira chifukwa cha madontho achikuda a lipid - mafuta. Mtundu wake ndi carotenoids, makamaka hematochrome. Mitundu yachilengedwe ya malalanje ofiira amatchedwa carotenoids. Ekalasiyo yazunguliridwa ndi nembanemba yofanana ndi ya chloroplast.
- Ma chromatophores. Limeneli ndi dzina la maselo amitundu yokhala ndi mitundu yazomera. Mwanjira ina, tikulankhula za ma chlorophyll ndi ma chloroplast okhala nawo. Kutenga nawo gawo pa photosynthesis, amapanga chakudya. Kudzikundikira, kutha kumeneku kumatha kupezeka ma chromatophores. Ndiye Euglena amakhala oyera m'malo mwa wobiriwira.
- Pellicula. Amakhala ndimatumba othyathyathya. Amalemba kanema wa protozoan. Mwa njira, m'Chilatini, mapiritsi ndi chikopa.
- Pangano la vacuole. Ili pansi pamunsi pa flagellum. M'Chilatini, vacuole amatanthauza dzenje. Mofananamo ndi dongosolo laminyewa, dongosololi limalumikizana, kukankhira madzi ochulukirapo kunja kwa selo. Izi zimasunga voliyumu ya Euglena.
Mothandizidwa ndi contractile vacuole, sikuti kutulutsa kokha zamagetsi kumachitika, komanso kupuma. Machitidwe awo ndi ofanana Euglena Zelena ndi Amoeba... Phata la selo ndiye phata. Imasunthidwa kumapeto kwakumbuyo kwa thupi la algae, kuyimitsidwa pama filament a chromatin. Phata ndiye maziko a magawano, omwe amachulukitsa Euglena Green. Maphunziro zosavuta ndizodziwika ndi njira yokhayo yoberekera.
Kudzaza madzi kwa khungu la Euglena ndiye cytoplasm. Maziko ake ndi hyaloplasm. Amakhala ndi mapuloteni, polysaccharides ndi ma nucleic acid. Ndili pakati pawo momwe zinthu ngati wowuma zimayikidwa. Zosakaniza zimayandama m'madzi. Njira iyi ndi cytoplasm.
Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa cytoplasm kumakhala kosakhazikika komanso kopanda dongosolo. Kudzazidwa kowoneka kwa khungu kulibe mtundu. Euglene amajambulidwa ndi chlorophyll. Kwenikweni, cytoplasm imachepa ndi masango ake, phata ndi nembanemba.
Zakudya zabwino
Chakudya cha Euglena Zelena osati theka lokhazikika, koma theka la heterotrophic. Kuyimitsidwa kwa chinthu chonga wowuma kumawundana mu cytoplasm ya selo. Awa ndi malo osungira zakudya tsiku lamvula. Chakudya chosakanikirana chimatchedwa mixotrophic ndi asayansi. Ngati Euglena alowa m'madzi obisika kuchokera ku kuwala, mwachitsanzo, mapanga, pang'onopang'ono amataya chlorophyll.
Kenako ndere zamtundu umodzi zimayamba kuwoneka ngati nyama yosavuta, ikudya zokha zokha. Izi zikutsimikiziranso kuthekera kwa ubale pakati pa zomera ndi nyama. Pamaso pounikira, heroine wa nkhaniyi satembenukira ku "kusaka" ndipo sakugwira ntchito. Chifukwa chiyani mukuweyulira flagellum pomwe chakudya chakuwala chikugwera pa inu? Euglena akuyamba kuyenda mwakhama kokha nthawi yamadzulo.
Ndere sizingakhale zopanda chakudya usiku, chifukwa ndizosaoneka pang'ono. Palibe kwina kulikonse komwe kungapangitse mphamvu zokwanira. Ndalama zomwe amapeza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Ngati Euglena ali ndi njala, akukumana ndi kusowa kwa kuwala komanso kusowa kwa zinthu zam'madzi, amayamba kumwa mankhwala ngati wowuma. Amatchedwa paramil. Nyama zimagwiritsanso ntchito mafuta omwe amasungidwa pakhungu.
Kumagetsi osungira protozoan Euglena Green pogwiritsa, monga ulamuliro, mu chotupa. Ndi chipolopolo cholimba chomwe algae amapanga akamapanikizika. Kapsule ili ngati kuwira. Kwenikweni, lingaliro la "cyst" latanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Greek.
Asanapangidwe chotupa, algae amataya flagellum. Zinthu zikakhala kuti sizili bwino zimayamba kusintha, chotupacho chimamera. Euglena m'modzi amatha kutuluka mu kapisozi, kapena angapo. Aliyense amakula flagellum yatsopano. Masana, Euglens amathamangira kumalo owala bwino a dziwe, kupitilira kumtunda. Usiku, zamoyo zamtundu umodzi zimagawidwa ponseponse padziwe kapena mumtsinje wam'mbuyo.
Magulu a Euglena Green
Organoids ndizokhazikika komanso zopangidwa mwaluso. Izi zimapezeka m'maselo azinyama ndi zomera. Pali njira ina - organelles.
Magulu a Euglena Greenadatchulidwa mu chaputala "Nyumba". Chiwalo chilichonse ndi gawo lofunikira la selo, popanda chomwe sichingathe:
- chulukitsani
- kuchita katulutsidwe wa zinthu zosiyanasiyana
- kaphatikizidwe kena kake
- kupanga ndi kusintha mphamvu
- kusamutsa ndi kusunga zinthu zakuthupi
Organelles ndimakhalidwe azilombo za eukaryotic. Izi zimakhala ndi nembanemba yakunja komanso yopindika. Euglena Zelenaya akuyenera kufotokozera. Mwachidule, ma eukaryotic organelles ndi awa: endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, membrane, centrioles, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, ndi zida za Golgi. Monga mukuwonera, magulu a organelles a Euglena ndi ochepa. Izi zikuwonetsa kuyambika kwa unicellular.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kubereka kwa Euglena Zelena, monga tanenera, imayamba ndi kuphulika kwa nyukiliya. Zatsopano ziwiri zimasokera mbali zotsutsana za khola. Kenako imayamba kugawanika pamaulendo azitali. Kugawikana kwapakati sikutheka. Mzere wopumira wa Euglena Zelena umayenda pakati pama cores awiriwo. Chigoba chogawanika, titero, chimatsekedwa theka lililonse la chipinda. Likukhalira awiri palokha.
Pomwe kugawanika kwakutali kumachitika, flagellum imakula pa "gawo lopanda mchira". Njirayi imatha kuchitika osati m'madzi mokha, komanso chipale chofewa, pa ayezi. Euglena amalekerera kuzizira. Chifukwa chake, chipale chofewa chimapezeka ku Urals, Kamchatka, ndi zilumba za Arctic. Zowona, nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiira kapena yamdima. Achibale a heroine a nkhaniyi - Red ndi Black Euglena - ndi mtundu wa pigment.
Gawo la Euglena Zelena
Moyo wa Euglena Zelena, m'malo mwake, ndi wopanda malire, popeza unicellular imaberekanso magawo. Selo latsopano ndi gawo lakale. Nthawi yomweyo, woyamba akupitilizabe "kupereka" ana, otsalira okha.
Ngati limafotokoza za kutalika kwa khungu lomwe limasungabe umphumphu, limakhala pafupi masiku angapo. Umenewu ndi m'badwo wa zamoyo zina zosawerengeka. Miyoyo yawo ndi yaying'ono ngati kukula kwawo. Mwa njira, mawu oti "Euglena" amapangidwa ndi mawu awiri achi Greek - "eu" ndi "glene". Yoyamba imamasuliridwa kuti "yabwino", ndipo yachiwiri ndi "kadontho konyezimira". M'madzi, ndere zimawaladi.
Pamodzi ndi ma protozoa ena, Euglena Zelenaya amapita kusukulu. Algae wamtundu umodzi amaphunziridwa mgulu la 9th. Aphunzitsi nthawi zambiri amapatsa ana mtundu wofanana kuti Euglena ndi chomera. Mafunso okhudza iye amapezeka mu mayeso mu biology.
Wina akhoza kukonzekera mabuku onse azanyama ndi zinyama. Onsewa ali ndi mitu yoperekedwa kwa Euglene Zelena. Chifukwa chake, aphunzitsi ena amaphunzitsa ana za kuphatikizika kwa unicellular. Nthawi zambiri, maphunziro ozama amaperekedwa m'makalasi apadera a biochemical. Pansipa pali kanema wonena za Euglene Zelena, yemwe amawopseza ma ciliili a nsapato.
