Nkhanga (lat. Pavo Linnaeus)

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Peacock ndiye nthumwi yayikulu kwambiri ya mbalame za pheasant, za mtundu wa Pavo, dongosolo la nkhuku. Mosiyana ndi obadwa nawo, omwe michira yawo yosalimba ili ngati denga kapena nsonga ya fosholo, mu nkhanga imakhala ngati chizindikiro - ndiyabwino, yobiriwira, yonyezimira komanso yayitali kwambiri.

Kufotokozera kwa nkhanga

Peacock, imodzi mwa mbalame zokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi, yomwe imapezeka m'maiko angapo komanso ku India... Kwenikweni, mawu achimuna "peacock" amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi anthu kutanthauza amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna ndi akazi. Mwachidziwitso, pikoko ndi mawu osalowerera ndale mamembala onse amtunduwu. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mbalamezi zomwe zimadziwika padziko lapansi.

Ndizosangalatsa!Mmodzi wa iwo ndi Peacock wokongola waku India, yemwe amakhala ku Indian subcontinent kokha. Ina ndi Peacock wobiriwira, wochokera kumayiko aku Asia, omwe amayambira ku East Burma kupita ku Java. Pomwe zakale zimawerengedwa kuti ndizokhazikika (palibe tinthu tina tokha), zotsalazo zitha kugawidwa m'magawo angapo owonjezera.

Nthenga za peacock zimakhala ngati diso lozungulira. Mbalamezi zimadzitama ndi nthenga zobiriwira, zamtambo, zofiira ndi golide zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala nyama zokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amadziwa, koma kwenikweni, nthenga za peacock ndizofiirira, ndipo kusewera kwawo kopambana kumalumikizidwa ndikuwala kwa kuwala, komwe kumawapangitsa kuti aziwoneka okongola. Mukufuna kudziwa zambiri? Pazambiri zosangalatsa komanso zambiri zodabwitsa za peacock, werengani.

Maonekedwe

Kutalika kwa thupi la nkhanga wamkulu, kupatula mchira, kumafika pa 90 mpaka 130 masentimita. Pamodzi ndi mchira wotsikira, thupi lathunthu limatha kufikira mita imodzi ndi theka. Mlomo wa nyama yachikulire ndi mainchesi awiri ndi theka. Kulemera kunalembedwa kuchokera pa 4 mpaka 6 kilogalamu, kutengera kugonana, msinkhu komanso malo okhala mbalame inayake. Kutalika kwa mchira wa peacock sikuposa masentimita makumi asanu.

Zomwe timawona kumtunda kwa thupi lake nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa mchira wapamwamba kwambiri. Kutalika kwa zingwe zotere kumafika mita imodzi ndi theka, ngati itayesedwa kufika pamlingo wa "maso" omaliza pa nthenga. Potenga kutalika kwa mchira wa pikoko wamphongo ndi mapiko ake akuluakulu, ndibwino kunena kuti ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zazikulu kwambiri zouluka padziko lapansi.

Ndizosangalatsa!Korona wachilendo ali pamutu pa peacock, ndikugogomezeranso udindo wa mbalameyi. Imayimilidwa ndi gulu la nthenga zomwe zimapanga kamtengo kakang'ono kokhala ndi ngayaye kumapeto. Ankhandwe amakhalanso ndi zotumphukira zomwe zimawalola kudziteteza.

Mawu a mbalame yodabwitsa imeneyi amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Naye, zinthu zili ngati mermaid pang'ono, yemwe posinthana ndi miyendo yake adataya. Peacock imatha kumveka, koma siyabwino ngati mchira wake koma imafanana ndi kulira, kufuula, kulira kapena kulira kosasangalatsa m'malo mokhala madzi osefukira. Mwinanso ndi chifukwa chake pachibwenzi cha chikazi chachikazi komanso gule, pikoko samapanga mawu amodzi. Asayansi ena padziko lapansi amaganiza kuti kugwedeza kwa mchira wa pikoko nthawi yapadera kumatha kupereka zizindikiritso zapadera zomwe sizimva khutu la munthu, koma izi sizinatsimikizidwebe.

Mtundu wa peacock

Monga lamulo, m'mitundu yambiri, yamphongo imakhala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso yowala kuposa yaikazi. Komabe, izi sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nkhanga wobiriwira, mumtundu uwu amuna ndi akazi amawoneka ofanana ndendende. Cholinga chachikulu cha mchira wokongola wa peacock ndikufunika kukopa wamkazi wowoneka bwino kuti amukopa kuti akwere ndi kubereka ana. Mchira wolemera wa peacock umakhala wopitilira 60 peresenti ya kutalika konse kwa thupi. Ikhoza kupindika kukhala chokulirapo chokongola chomwe chimayambira kumbuyo ndipo, chitapachikika, chimakhudza nthaka mbali zonse ziwiri za thunthu. Gawo lililonse la mchira wa nkhanga limasintha utoto ikagundidwa ndi kuwala kwa mbali zosiyanasiyana.

Ndizosangalatsa!Komabe, palibe mchira umodzi womwe umapatsa ulemu mbalameyi. Nthenga za nthunzizo zimakhalanso ndi mithunzi yovuta kumvetsetsa. Mwachitsanzo, nthenga za thupi palokha zimatha kukhala zofiirira kapena zobiriwira.

Amakhulupirira kuti peacock amasankha azibadwa ake kukula, mtundu ndi mtundu wa nthenga zawo za mchira. Mchira wokongola komanso wokongola umayikidwa, ndizotheka kuti mkazi amasankha. Kuphatikiza pa cholinga cha "chikondi", mchira waukuluwo umachitanso mbali ina yofunikira. Uwu ndiye udindo wa chitetezo. Poyandikira chilombocho, nkhanga ija imatulutsa mchira wake waukulu ndi nthongo, wokongoletsedwa ndi "maso" ambiri, omwe amasokoneza mdani. Mukugwa, nthenga zamtundu pang'onopang'ono zimagwa, kuti pofika masika zizikula ndi nyonga zatsopano, kuti ziwonekere kudziko lino ndi ulemerero wonse.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Malo achilengedwe a nkhanga - mayiko aku Asia... Izi ndi nyama zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri mgwirizano. Iwo okha, amatha kufa msanga. Pangozi yomwe ikuyandikira, nkhanga imatha kuwuluka mumtengo kuti iteteze ku ziwombankhanga kapena kupumula munthunzi komanso mumthunzi wa nthambi.

Izi ndizinyama zamasana kwambiri. Usiku, nkhanga zimakonda kugubuduzika m'mitengo kapena m'malo ena okwera. Ngakhale kuti mbalamezi zimakhala ndi luso lotha kuwuluka, zimangouluka ulendo wautali.

Ndi nkhanga zingati zimakhala

Pikoko ndi mbalame zokhalitsa. Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi moyo ndi zaka pafupifupi makumi awiri.

Zoyipa zakugonana

Ngakhale zingaoneke zachilendo, chifukwa m'moyo wa anthu ndi atsikana omwe amakonda kuvala, peacock man ndi amene ali ndi mchira wokongola wobiriwira. Akazi nthawi zambiri amawoneka ochepera pang'ono. Komabe, izi sizikugwira ntchito kwa akazi ndi amuna a pikoko wobiriwira, koma ndi wamba wamba. Mwa oimira nkhanga zobiriwira, mawonekedwe azakugonana sanafotokozeredwe.

Mitundu ya Peacock

Mitundu itatu yayikulu ya nkhanga ndi nkhanga ya buluu yaku India, peacock wobiriwira, ndi Congo. Zina mwazosiyanasiyana za mbalamezi ndi zoyera, zamapiko akuda, komanso zofiirira, zachikasu ndi zofiirira. Ziribe kanthu momwe zingawonekere, poyang'ana mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhanga, kuti pali mitundu yambiri, izi sizili choncho. Mwachikhalidwe, amakhulupirira kuti amagawika m'magulu awiri okha - wamba (Amwenye) ndi Chijava (chobiriwira). Mtundu wachitatu ndi wosiyana pang'ono pamndandanda. Zowonadi, chifukwa chakudutsa koyesa kwa anthu amitundu iwiriyi, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu amabadwa, atha kubereka ana achonde.

Mitundu ingapo yayikulu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana... Peacock wamba amakhala ndi mapiko otuwa, khosi labuluu ndi mchira wosiyanasiyana. Dziko lapansi limadziwanso peacock yokhala ndi mapewa akuda ngati khwangwala ndi mapiko abuluu. Amamutcha wamapiko wakuda. Palinso azungu, pomwe sangatchulidwe kuti ndi achialubino. Mitundu ina yodziwika bwino imaphatikizapo mapikoko amtundu wakuda komanso wosiyanasiyana, komanso makala kapena pikoko woyera, wofiirira ndi lavenda, pikoko wamkuwa wa Buford, opal, pichesi ndi utoto wasiliva.

Mitunduyi imaphatikizanso tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tobiriwira ngati chikasu komanso pakati pausiku. Pakusakaniza mitundu makumi awiri yamitundumitundu ya nkhanga wamba, ndizotheka, malinga ndi kuwerengera koyambirira, kupeza pafupifupi mitundu 185 ya mitundu ya mbalame.

Ndizosangalatsa!Peacock yobiriwira imakhalanso ndi subspecies. Awa ndi mapikoko aku Javanese, mapikoko obiriwira aku Indo-Chinese, Burmese, Congo kapena African. Mayina, komanso kusiyanasiyana kwakunja, zimachitika chifukwa chakukhala kosiyanasiyana kwa mbalame zomwe zidawonetsedwa.

Peacock wobiriwira amakhala ndi utoto wowala, thupi lake lonse lakutidwa ndi nthenga zobiriwira, zobiriwira. Mitunduyi ndi yachilengedwe ku Southeast Asia. Peacock wobiriwira amawoneka wokongola. Alibe mawu okhwima chonchi, nthenga zili ndi chitsulo chachitsulo. Thupi, miyendo ndi khosi la mitundu iyi ndizokulirapo kuposa nkhanga wamba. Alinso ndi mawonekedwe owonekera kwambiri pamutu pake.

Malo okhala, malo okhala

Mndandanda wa mayiko omwe mbalamezi zakhazikika ndikochepa. Malo enieni okhala anthu achilengedwe ndi India (komanso kunja kwa Pakistan, Sri Lanka ndi Nepal), Africa (ambiri a nkhalango zaku Congo) ndi Thailand. Anapiye omwe tsopano akukhala m'maiko ena adabweretsedwamo mwachinyengo.

Ziwopsezo za Alexander the Great zidalola nkhanga kuti zizilamulira maiko aku Europe. M'mbuyomu, adabwera ndi amalonda ndi apaulendo wamba ku Egypt, Australia, Roma, komanso kuzama kwa Asia ndi India.

Zakudya za nkhanga

Malinga ndi mfundo yakadyetsa, nkhanga ndi omnivores. Amadya magawo azomera, masamba amaluwa, mitu ya mbewu, komanso tizilombo ndi ma arthropods ena, zokwawa ndi amphibiya. Njoka zazing'ono ndi makoswe zitha kuwoneka pazosankha. Mphukira zazing'ono ndi mitundu yonse ya zitsamba zimawerengedwa kuti ndi chakudya chapadera kwambiri.

Chakudya chachikulu komanso chokondedwa cha nkhanga amaonedwa kuti ndi chimanga chopatsa thanzi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amapezeka pafupi ndi malo olimapo. Nkhanga nthawi zambiri zimawononga minda yambewu chifukwa chofunafuna kwawo. Akangozindikiridwa ndi eni malowo, amabisala msanga patchire ndi udzu, ngakhale kulemera ndi kutalika kwa mchira wawo.

Kubereka ndi ana

Nkhanga ndi mitala mwachibadwa. Kumtchire, amuna a mbalamezi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi akazi akazi a 2-5. Amasefukira mchira wake wokongola, ndikukopa azimayi opanda nzeru mmodzimmodzi, pambuyo pake amakhala nawo onse nthawi imodzi. Masewera okhathamira a nkhanga ndi okongola kwambiri... Msungwanayu atangomvera za mchira wapamwamba wa wosankhidwayo, akutembenuka mwamwano, osayang'ana konse.

Mwachilengedwe, izi sizimugwirizana ndi mayiyo ndipo amakakamizidwa kuti azungulira mozungulira kuti awonekenso patsogolo pake. Chifukwa chake ziwonetsero zimasinthana ndi mphwayi mpaka nthawi yomwe mkazi "amagwera pachikopa" cha malingaliro amisili amphongo. Awiriwo atatembenuka, nyengo yoswana imayamba. Amakhala kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembala, nthawi yamvula yambiri.

Ndizosangalatsa!Kukhwima kwa pikoko wakhanda kumachitika ali ndi miyezi eyiti mpaka khumi yakubadwa. Zinyama zazing'ono zomwe sizinafike chaka chimodzi ndi theka zilibe nthenga zazitali, zokongola za mchira. Chifukwa chake, achinyamata amasiyana pang'ono wina ndi mnzake. Mchira wanthano zonse komanso wachikulire umapezeka mu nkhanga kokha mchaka chachitatu cha moyo wake.

Pambuyo pake, ndi nthawi yoti muyike mazira. Ali mu ukapolo, mkazi amatha kugona pafupifupi katatu pachaka. Kuthengo, zinyalala imodzi yokha imabadwa. Monga lamulo, clutch imodzi imakhala ndi mazira atatu mpaka khumi. Nthawi yokwanira imatenga pafupifupi masiku makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu. Ana amabadwa omwe, patsiku lachitatu la moyo wawo, amatha kuyenda palokha, kudya ndi kumwa. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mkazi amawasamalira moyang'anitsitsa kwa nthawi yayitali, kuwapatsa chisamaliro choyenera, chifukwa zinyenyeswazi zomwe zimangobadwa kumene zimatha kuzizira komanso kuzizira kwambiri.

Adani achilengedwe

Kumtchire, chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa nkhanga ndi amphaka amtchire. Ameneyo - amphaka, akambuku ndi akambuku, nyamazi. Nkhanga zazikulu nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimafuna kupulumuka, zimalowa nawo nkhondo yosalingana nawo. Komabe, ngakhale kutha kubisala munthambi sikuthandiza kwenikweni pakuthana ndi mphaka. Zinyama zina zakutchire monga mongooses kapena amphaka ang'onoang'ono amadya nyama zazing'ono.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Ngakhale kuti Indian Peacock ndiye mbalame yadziko lonse ku India, malinga ndi mndandanda wa IUCN, mwatsoka, nkhanga zimaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazinthu zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Kuwonongeka kwa malo, kuwonongeka kochuluka ndi kuzembetsa kosaloledwa kwadzetsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa zolengedwa zodabwitsazi, zomwe zidawonekera pazaka zambiri.

Ndizosangalatsa!Mapikoko adaphikidwa ndipo amatumizidwa ngati mafumu mzaka zamakedzana, nthenga ya peacock imakhala yofunika kwambiri popanga zodzikongoletsera, zipewa ndi zikho zokha. Kuyambira kale, mwambo wapangidwa kuti uwakongoletse ndi zovala zawo, zipewa ndi zinthu zapakhomo. Izi zimawonedwa ngati chizindikiro chokhala mgulu lapadera la anthu ambiri.

Malingaliro a nkhanga m'maiko osiyanasiyana adziko lapansi akutsutsana modabwitsa... Kwa ena, chimafanana ndi chizindikiro cha boma. Amalemekezedwa ngati mbiri ya mvula ndi zokolola, akusangalala ndi kukongola kwake kwamutu komanso ulemu. M'malo ena, mbalameyi imadziwika kuti ndivuto, mlendo wosayitanidwa, wachilendo mthupi, wowononga minda.

Kanema wa Pikoko

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Onerani kanemayo: MINDSET CHANGE NDI WELLINGTON KUNTAJA PA MIBAWA TV 15 NOV 2020 (November 2024).