Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kanyama kameneka kokhala ndi nthenga ndi gulu la adokowe, ndipo mmaonekedwe ake ndi ofanana ndi dzina lake. Kupatula apo, mbalameyi idabwereka zina mwa mawonekedwe a adokowe, motero ili m'njira zambiri zofanana ndi iye ndi abale ena omwe adatchulidwa.
Spoonbill - cholengedwa chamapiko chokhala ndi miyendo yokongola yayitali ndi khosi, chomenya mochenjera komanso mokongola. Alinso ndi mapiko osangalatsa. Kuwaponya modabwitsa, kumakhala kosaneneka pakuwuluka.
Kawirikawiri mbalameyi imangoyandama, ikukhotetsa khosi lake mwanjira inayake ndikutambasula miyendo yake, ndikugwira mafunde otentha omwe akukwera ndi mapiko ake.
Koma nthawi yomweyo, ma spoonbill amapatsidwa mawonekedwe awo apadera, omwe amawapangitsa kukhala osagonjetseka, koma apadera, mosiyana ndi adokowe ndi zitsamba, zomwe amalumikizana nazo, komanso ibises, omwe mamembala ake ali.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pama spoonbill ndi congeners ndi mlomo wokulitsidwa.
Mlomo wautali wa mbalamezi umafanana ndi mbanemba ya shuga woboola pakati, wotambalala ndi kufeŵa kumapeto.
Pamutu pake, zolengedwa izi zimakhala zoyera, nthawi zina zokhala ndi chikasu chachikasu, nthenga yolumikizidwa kumbuyo kwa mutu - zokongoletsa za anthu okhwima okha ogonana, opangidwa. Miyendo ya zolengedwa izi ndi yakuda (mwa mitundu ina - yofiira), yokhala ndi nembanemba zosambira.
Mitengo wandiweyani chipilala amakhala ndi mthunzi woyera. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mutu wawung'ono, thupi lalikulu komanso lolimba, mchira waufupi, mlomo wakuda, nthawi zina imakhala ya lalanje kumapeto.
Pa nthawi yamasewera achikondi, banga la mbalame limapezeka pachibwano cha mbalamezi. Zilombozi zimatha kutalika mita, ndipo kulemera kwake kumatha kufika 2 kg.
Nyamazi zimamveka pafupipafupi, koma zikamveka, zimakhala ngati zikung'ung'udza modzidzimutsa ndikumalira ndikumalira nthawi zina, nthawi zina zimawoneka ngati zikung'ung'udza komanso zikung'ung'udza.
Mverani mawu a Spoonbill
Malankhulidwe oterewa nthawi zambiri amakhala achikulire, ngati atengeka ndi mavuto azisa za ana awo. Anapiye nawonso amalira, posonyeza makolo awo za chikhumbo chofuna kudya. Nthawi yonseyi, mbalamezi zimakonda kukhala chete osapanga phokoso losafunikira.
Mitundu ya oimira nyama zamitunduyi ndiyambiri. Spoonbill amakhala m'madera otentha ndi kotentha. M'madera otere padziko lapansi, nthawi zambiri mumapezeka nyama zakutchire, zomwe supuni iyenera kutanthauzidwanso - cholengedwa chamapiko chomwe chimakongoletsa chilengedwe. Zilombozi zimazika mizu ku Africa ndi Asia.
Komabe, mbalamezi zimapezekanso m'malo otentha omwe amapezeka mdera la Europe. Koma kuchokera pano, ndikuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira, amakonda kuwuluka nthawi yozizira kupita kumadera otentha: kupita ku Mediterranean kapena Africa.
Ponena za Russia, apa mbalamezi zimapezeka kokha kumadera akumwera: kumunsi kwa Volga ndi Don, m'malo ena.
Mitundu
Ku Russia, mitundu iwiri yokha ya mbalame zotere zimadziwika. Kuphatikiza pa zomwe tafotokozazi, zimakhala m'dera la dziko lathu lokha kachipuni kakang'ono, zomwe, mwatsoka, zikuwopsezedwa kuti zitha. Zolengedwa izi zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kubadwa ndi mawonekedwe ena.
Choyambirira, kukula kwawo nthawi zambiri sikumapitilira masentimita 76. Kuphatikizanso apo, mbali ina yophimba nthenga pamutu, komanso miyendo ndi milomo, ndi yakuda mu mbalame zotere. Amapezeka ku Karelia. Kuchokera kumayiko akunja - wamba ku China, nyengo yozizira kumadera ofunda a Asia.
Kuphatikiza pa izi, pali mitundu inanso inayi ya ma spoonbill padziko lapansi. Amasiyana maonekedwe ndi malo okhala. Tiyeni tifotokoze mwatsatanetsatane awiri, otchuka kwambiri mwa iwo.
1. Mkate wa supuni - kambalame kocheperako poyerekeza ndi abale ake, omwe kukula kwake kuli pafupifupi masentimita 60, ndipo misa ndiyopitilira kilogalamu imodzi. Zolengedwa zotere zimasiyanitsidwa makamaka ndi mtundu wa zokongola, koma makamaka nthenga zakuda.
Thupi lawo ndi lofiirira. Ndipo madera ena kumbuyo, mapiko ndi mphumi zimawala ndi zofiirira komanso zobiriwira.
Mpweya wa spoonbill wa Globe uli ndi nthenga zowala
2. Msuzi wa pinki mwa mitundu ya mbalame zoterezi zimatha kutchedwa zachilendo kwambiri komanso zosowa. Nthawi ina, nthenga za zolengedwa zamapikozi zinali zamtengo wapatali kuposa golide. Ndicho chifukwa chake kuwonongedwa kwa oimira nyama zamapikowa kudutsa malire onse oyenera.
Koma zoyesayesa zoteteza nyama zokongolazi zinathandiza kuti mbalamezi zisamadwale.
Ndiwo amakhala ku America ndipo amapezeka ku Argentina, Chile ndi Florida. Zilombozi zimakhala ndi utoto wofiira wambiri wambiri pachifuwa ndi mapiko, miyendo yofiira, mutu wakuda ndi mulomo. Madera ena kumbuyo ndi oyera.
Pachithunzicho pali supuni ya pinki
Mitundu ina iwiri yamitundu yomwe ilipo padziko lapansi sinatchulidwe. Uwu ndi mphero yaying'ono yopumira - yoyimira nyama zokhala ndi nthenga zomwe zimakhala ku Africa. Mtundu wina ndi wakuba wamitengo yakuda, womwe umakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana ku Asia, komanso Australia ndi zilumba zapafupi.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Ma spoonbill amakonda kukhazikika m'malo amvula, osati kutali ndi madzi amchere kapena abwino, posankha malo okhala ndi mitengo ndi zitsamba, ndipo koposa zonse - madera omwe ali ndi bango lambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, mbalamezi zimapezeka m'madambo, nyanja, komanso mitsinje yomwe imayenda pang'onopang'ono komanso pansi pamatope. Monga taonera, chipilala Imakonda madzi amtendere komanso amatope. Ndipo ndizomveka chifukwa chake: m'malo amenewa pali chakudya chochuluka kwa iye.
Pafupifupi moyo wonse wazinthu izi, kupatula kugona komanso kuda nkhawa zakubala, amakhala mukufunafuna chakudya. Kupeza chakudya, mbalame zotere zimangotopa. Tsiku limodzi, amatha kuyenda m'madzi osaya, komwe amakonda kusaka, mtunda wopitilira 10 km.
Nyengo yoipa kapena mvula yamphamvu sizowalepheretsa. Zinyama zolimbanazi zimachita khama makamaka panthawi yodyetsa anapiye. Zowonadi, panthawiyi ayenera kusamalira osati m'mimba mwawo okha, komanso kudyetsa ana osakhutitsidwa.
Pogwirizana pagulu, zikhomo zimatha kusuntha, kusuntha, patali kwambiri kudutsa mlengalenga. Apa tikulankhula kale zakuyenda kwanyengo, ndipo akauntiyi sinapangidwe kwa makumi, koma zambiri: makilomita mazana ndi masauzande. Pouluka, mbalamezi zimakhazikika m'mlengalenga m'mipiringizo, mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana ndi chilembo V.
Pa nthawi yabwino pachaka (nthawi zambiri masika) kwa oimira nyama zamapikozi, nyengo yoswana imayamba. Kukhazikitsa njira yolerera ana, nthawi zina mbalamezi zimapanga zigawo zonse.
Izi zimachitika pakakhala kuchuluka kwa anthu amtunduwu m'dera linalake kwambiri. Zikatere, zimachitika kuti zisa za zolengedwa izi zimayandikira kwambiri kotero kuti zimapanga zilumba zazing'ono, zomwe zimangokwera pamwamba pake.
Koma ngati pali ma spoonbill ochepa m'malo amenewa, nthawi zambiri zisa zawo zimabalalika pamtunda patali. Malo awo olerera ana ndi osavuta komanso osawoneka bwino, nthawi zambiri amakhala masamba owuma a bango kapena nthambi za bango zomwe zaunjikidwa mulu.
Zakudya zabwino
Zakudya za mbalame zodya nyama ndizambiri. M'malo mwake, amadya chilichonse chomwe chalowa mkamwa mwawo. Ndipo zosankha zimadalira dera lomwe amakhala, malo osakira osankhidwa, komanso nyengo ya chaka.
Mbalame zotere zimakonda kupeza chakudya chawo masana, koma bwino madzulo, amakhala kwinakwake m'madzi osaya.
Amagwira achule ang'onoang'ono, amafufuza tadpoles, amayesa kugwira nsomba zomwe sizokula kwambiri. Mbalame zoterezi zimapezanso nyongolotsi, nkhanu, ndipo sizidana ndi kudya mollusks. Koma nthawi zina, posowa chakudya china, amakhutitsidwa ndi ndere zokha.
Ma Spoonbill amasaka mwanjira yachilendo, ndikuponya mulomo wotseguka m'madzi. Amawatsogolera kuchokera mbali imodzi kupita mbali inayo, akusunthira gawo ili la thupi lawo ngati kuti akumeta udzu wamba padambo. Chifukwa chake, amafufuza kuti apeze nyama.
Mlomo wawo, wokhala ndi ma tubercles ndi roughness, umakhala ndi zochulukirapo zingapo zamatenda osazindikira.
Zonsezi zimagwira ntchito ngati chida chanzeru chazomwe chimatha kuzindikira m'madzi chomwe sichidziwika ndi mphamvu zina, ndiye kuti, zinthu zomwe zingafunike. Mwa njira yapaderadera, yosaka kwambiri, mbalame zoterezi zidapatsidwa dzina lotchulidwira pakati pa anthu: mowers. Mlomo wodabwitsa wa zolengedwa izi ukuwonekera bwino Ma Spoonbill pachithunzichi.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Pakati pa nyengo yokhwima, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayamba kuyambira Epulo kwinakwake mpaka Juni (kumadera akumwera imayamba kale kwambiri), gulu la abwenziwo limamasula mosangalatsa, kukopa akazi. Ndipo chibwenzi cha mbalame chimakhala mwa kuyeretsa nthenga za wina ndi mnzake.
Mbalame zisa pafupi ndi madzi kapena pamadzi (nthawi zina, ma spoonbill amayang'ana ziboliboli zoyandama polera ana). Amathanso kukhazikika poyembekezera anapiye amtsogolo amitengo kapena zitsamba, ngakhale pansi, pomwe malowa nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa m'dambo ndikubisala pansi paudzu waudzu wakale.
Nthawi zina, ma spoonbill amatha kukhala zisa za mbalame zina, mwachitsanzo, nkhanu. Koma oimira omwe akuyimira zinyama zamalo omwe asankhidwa sayesa kugonjera aliyense, mwankhanza kuteteza zofuna za ana amtsogolo ndi malo omwe akufuna.
Chisa cha Spoonbill ndi anapiye
Mazira amawombedwa, kuchuluka kwake kumatha kufikira zidutswa zisanu, ma parterres amasinthana. Mtundu wawo umakhala woyera, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amakhala ndi mawanga abulauni. Ndipo pakatha milungu itatu, nthawi zina milungu inayi (nthawi zambiri pafupifupi masiku 25 imadutsa kuchokera nthawi yomwe amaswa), omwe amayembekezeredwa kwanthawi yayitali, okutidwa ndi zoyera pansi, anapiye okongola amapezeka pachisa.
Poyamba, amadyetsedwa ndi chakudya chopukutidwa ndi makolo awo. Amachipeza mwanjira yapadera: pomangirira milomo yawo pakamwa pa amayi kapena abambo awo.
Patatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, anawo amakula kwambiri mwakuti amasiya chisa, kudzizolowera kudziyimira pawokha, ndipo ayesetsa kale kuti asagwiritse ntchito ntchito za makolo osamalira. Zowona, poyamba, ngati zingachitike, amayesetsabe kukhala pafupi ndi nyumba yawo.
Spoonbill mwana wankhuku
Nthawi zoterezi, amapanga magulu, omwe mamembala awo amakhala pafupi ndi malo ena odyetserako ziweto. Kuchokera pamisonkhanoyi ya anapiye achinyamata pambuyo pake (patatha mwezi umodzi) magulu a nyama zazing'ono amapangidwa, omwe amakonda kukhala padera ndi oimira mbadwo wodziwa zambiri.
Ma spoonbill amakhala kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mbalame zina. Zaka zolembedweratu za oimira nyama zamitunduyi ndizoposa zaka 28. Koma kutalika kwa moyo wake ndikotheka kokha, chifukwa kukhalapo kwa mbalamezi kuli ndi ngozi zowopsa komanso zoopsa.
Monga momwe mungamalizire kuchokera pazomwe zalembedwa, izi ndi mbalame zosazolowereka, komanso oimira okhawo amtundu wa ibis omwe amakhala mdera la Europe. Dzina la mbalame zoterezi lakhazikika kwambiri m'moyo wathu kotero kuti limamveka kawirikawiri m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Mwachitsanzo, amatchedwa "Spoonbill» Shakhovskoy malo okonzanso. Izi, yomwe ili m'chigawo cha Moscow, imathandiza anthu. Ndipo ndizachisoni ngati mkhalidwe wopanda nzeru wa munthu umakhala chifukwa chakusowa kwa zolengedwa zokhala ndi mapiko zokongola padziko lapansi.
