Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kuyambira kale, mbalame yochititsa chidwi imeneyi yakhala ikulimbikitsa anthu, inali nthano ndi nthano za anthu angapo. Amatha kudzitama ndi nthenga zosowa, zowoneka bwino.
Chovala chake chosangalatsa chimayima pamapiko ndipo pansi pamchira ndi mikwingwirima yoyera ndi yachikuda. Ndipo mutuwo udavala chisoti chansalu ya nthenga - cholimba chowoneka ngati fan, mpaka kukula kwa masentimita 10, chokhoza kutsegula ndikupinda.
Ndi amene amadziwika kuti chinthu chachikulu chosiyanitsidwa ndi cholengedwa chamapiko, chifukwa m'Chisilamu zolengedwa zotere nthawi zambiri zimalumikizidwa ndi Tsar Solomon, ndipo pakati pa anthu ena aku North Caucasus amawerengedwa kuti ndiopatulika, olamulira osati fuko lokhala ndi nthenga lokha, komanso nyama. Dzina la ichi mbalame – ziphuphu.
Zolengedwa zotere, za banja la hoopoe, mwa dongosolo la ma hornbill, zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 27. Mthunzi wa mutu ndi khosi, komanso mtundu wa chifuwa chawo, umasiyana, kutengera subspecies, kuyambira chestnut mpaka pinki, ndipo amathanso kukhala ofiira ...
Mutu wa hoopoe umavekedwa korona, womwe umakhala wosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi mbalame zina
Mimba yofiira-pinki pambuyo pake yokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kwakutali. Mlomo wopingasa, woboola pakati umayima pamutu pake, wochepa thupi komanso wopindika kumapeto. Mapiko a mapiko ozungulira otambalala ndi pafupifupi masentimita 45. Mbalameyi imakhalanso ndi mchira wautali wautali ndi miyendo yaimvi-yotsogola yokhala ndi zikhadabo zopanda pake.
Kumene kumakhala ziphuphu? Kukula kotukuka kwa Africa, komwe kwakhazikika pafupifupi kulikonse. Amapezekanso kumpoto kwambiri m'maiko ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ku Russia, mbalame zotere zimakhazikika ku North Caucasus ngakhale kumadera otsika a mitsinje monga Volga ndi Don, zomwe zimakopa chidwi cha anthu m'minda yamphesa ndi minda.
Mbalame zoterezi zimakhala kumadera akumwera ndi pakati pa Eurasia, kum'mawa kwa kontrakitala iyi, komanso ku Mediterranean, kuzilumba zaku Japan, m'malo ena ambiri ndi zisumbu zapadziko lapansi.
Hoopoe ndi mbalame yosamuka kapena ayi? Kuthetsa funso ili, ndizovuta kupereka yankho lolondola. Zimangodalira pa malo omwe mbalame zoterezi zimakhala. Ndipo pankhaniyi, atha kukhala osamukasamuka, osamukasamuka, komanso okhala m'malo abwino - ongokhala. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe adakhazikika ku Central Asia, munthawi zovuta, amasankha kusamukira kumwera kwa kontinentiyi.
Kuchokera kudera la dziko lathu nthawi yachisanu nthawi zambiri amasamukira ku Azerbaijan ndi Turkmenistan. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yosamukirako imatha kusiyanasiyana ndikuwonjezeka.
Mitundu
M'banja la hoopoe, mbalame zotere ndizo mitundu yokhayo yamasiku ano. Koma zosiyanasiyana zokha zimagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Zomwe zimayimira nthumwi zawo ndi monga: kukula, mapiko, mtundu wa nthenga ndi ena.
Amakhulupirira kuti mitundu ina ya malambe idatayika kalekale.
Pakati pa subspecies, hoopoe wamba amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri. Mbalameyi ndi yodabwitsa komanso yosawerengeka, kukula kwake ngati nkhunda. Komanso, nthumwi yomaliza ya mbalameyi ndi yofanana ndi iye m'mawonekedwe, makamaka munthawi ngati kambalame kameneka kamakhala kovuta, ndipo nayenso amasunthira pansi ndimayendedwe ang'onoang'ono, nthawi ndi nthawi akugwada.
Kodi hoopoe amawoneka bwanji – mbalame a subspecies omwe afotokozedwa? Mwambiri, pafupifupi ofanana ndi abale ake onse. Kupatula mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera pamapiko ndi pansi pamchira, yomwe imakongoletsa mawonekedwe a mitundu yonse ya mitunduyo, nthenga zotsala za hoopoe wamba ndizofiira.
Pali mwayi wokumana ndi mbalame yotere m'malo aku Russia, makamaka, ngakhale ndizochepa, zimawonedwa mdera la Moscow, komanso madera ena akuluakulu ku Eurasia komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa.
Subpecies yosangalatsa kwambiri, ngakhale tsopano yatha, ndi hoopoe wamkulu. Malinga ndi asayansi, mbalame zazikuluzikuluzi, zomwe sizimatha kuuluka konse, zidapezeka pachilumba cha St. Helena pafupifupi zaka mazana asanu zapitazo. Koma zochita zaumunthu, makamaka makoswe ndi amphaka omwe adabwera nawo pachilumbachi, zidawathandiza kuti awonongeke kwathunthu.
Zonsezi, akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amafotokoza za zochitika khumi ziphuphu... Asayansi aku America, atasanthula ma DNA awo, adapeza kuti makolo a zolengedwa izi, mwina, adalipo kale, ofanana ndi mawonekedwe amphongo omwe amaimira mbalame za chipembere.
Wotsirizayo adalandira dzina ili la mphuno yayitali yopangidwa ndi awl, yomwe, monga tafotokozera kale, imakhalanso ndi hoopoe.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Kawirikawiri, mbalame zotere zimasankha malo otseguka kuti azikhalamo, amakonda kukhala m'chigwa, nthawi zovuta kwambiri, m'minda ing'onoing'ono kapena m'malo amapiri okhala ndiudzu ndi tchire.
Pali oimira ambiri amitundu yomwe yafotokozedwamo, malo okhala nkhalango ndi zitsamba - madera okhala ndi nyengo youma, yotentha. Hoopoes amapezeka m'madambo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zobiriwira, malo athyathyathya, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, madambo ndi zigwa, m'minda yazipatso ndi mphesa.
Poyenda pamtunda wolimba, mbalameyi imachita zinthu mwachangu kwambiri. Ndipo ngati akumva kuti ngozi ili pafupi, amagwa pansi, kutambasula mapiko ake, kutambasula mchira wake ndikukweza mlomo wake wautali, motero amabisala.
Kuuluka kwa mbalameyi ndikodabwitsa kwambiri, imayenda mlengalenga, ngati kuti ikumira, tsopano ikukwera, kenako ikutsikira pansi. Liwu la hoopoe wamatumba pang'ono ndi wogontha. Ndipo mamvekedwe omwe amapanga amafanana ndi "ud-ud-ud", chomwe chidakhala chifukwa chodzitchulira zolengedwa zamasamba zomwe zidafotokozedwazo.
Mverani mawu a hoopoe
Ndi ma subspecies okha a Madagascar omwe amatulutsa mawu ndiosiyana ndi ena, omwe amawonekera kwambiri nthawi yakumasirana. Phokoso lomwe mbalamezi zimamveka limafanana ndi kupukusa kwamiyala.
Zizindikiro zotchuka zimalumikizidwa ndi hoopoe. Ena amati mbalamezi ndizo zimabweretsa mavuto ndipo kuwona zolengedwa zamapiko zotere sizabwino kwambiri. Komanso hoopoe amadziwika kuti ndi cholengedwa chodetsedwa.
Amakhulupirira kuti lingaliro ili ndi logwirizana ndi njira zina zotetezera zomwe mbalamezi zimatenga pofuna kuteteza moyo ndi chitetezo cha anapiye awo. Mphekesera zikunena kuti, kuthamangitsa nyama zolusa kuchokera ku ana awo, zolengedwa zamapiko izi nthawi zambiri zimawombera zitosi za zomwe zimalowa pachisa chawo, kumenya molunjika kumaso, m'maso kapena mphuno.
Zizindikiro zina zimagwirizanitsa mawonekedwe a hoopoe ndi tsoka
Asayansi amadziwa kokha kuti mbalame zomwe zafotokozedwazo, monga zikopa, zimapatsidwa chibadwa ndi zopangitsa zapadera zomwe zimatulutsa ndikusungunula madzi osasangalatsa ndi fungo losalephera. Ndiye chifukwa chake pali anthu ochepa omwe amasaka nyama za hoopoe kuti angogwira ndikunyamula. Kupatula apo, kunyalanyaza koteroko kumatha mosasangalatsa.
Komabe, palibe chomwe chimakulepheretsani kusilira mbalame yokongola ngati imeneyi yodzala ndi kukongola konyada kuchokera mbali. Ngakhale mbalame zotere sizimakonda anthu, ndipo zikawona munthu, zimayesetsa kuuluka nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kusilira mawonekedwe okongola a zolengedwa izi pakuwona hoopoe pachithunzicho.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti, ngakhale pali nthano zomwe zimapereka mbiri yakudwala kwamapiko, malingaliro ena alipo ndipo ndiofala, monga tanenera kale. Mwachitsanzo, pakati pa a Chechens ndi Ingush, ngakhale chisanachitike Chisilamu, chilengedwe chodabwitsa cha chilengedwe chimatchedwa mulungu wamkazi wobereka, masika ndi kubereka wotchedwa Tusholi.
Mwa anthuwa, chisa cha mbalame iyi pabwalo la nyumbayi chimawerengedwa kuti ndiwodabwitsa, ndipo kupha mbalame yopatulika sikunalimbikitsidwe konse. Izi ndi zizindikiro, zokhudzana ndi hoopoe.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zolengedwa zamapikozi zimatchulidwa m'Baibulo komanso Koran yotchuka mofananamo. Ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawonekera m'mabuku akale otchuka. Malinga ndi nthano, Mfumu Solomo idapita kwa mbalameyi ndi uthenga kwa Mfumukazi yotchuka ya Sheba. Ndipo poyankha izi, adalandira mphatso zochuluka kuchokera kwa iye.
Zakudya zabwino
Mlomo wautali, wokhotakhota ndi wowonda, wopanda umenewo malongosoledwe a hoopoe sichingakhale chokwanira komanso chokwanira, chimakhala chida chothandiza kwambiri kwa mbalamezi pofunafuna chakudya. Kupatula apo, mbalameyi, ikapeza chakudya chake, imafukula nayo panthaka yopanda utoto wobiriwira kapena udzu wopanda tsinde.
Monga lamulo, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timakhala nyama yake. Mwachitsanzo, chimbalangondo, kachilombo kamene kamakonda kubalalika m'nthaka za zigwa zotentha, ndikung'amba nthaka ndi ziwongola dzanja zake, kumatha kukhala nyama yayikulu yomwe imadyetsa nthenga. Pogwira nyama zoterezo pansi pa nthaka ndikuzigwira pakamwa pake, hoopoe amamenya tizilombo tonsewo mwamphamvu pansi, ndikudabwitsa kwambiri.
Kenako amawadya kapena amawatengera ku anapiye ake. Mlomo ndi chida chothandizira mbalamezi, monga woponda nkhuni - mbalame, ngati hoopoe Mwanjira imeneyi, kuchotsa tizilombo, mapusi ndi mphutsi kuchokera mkati mwa ziphuphu zakale ndi khungwa la mitengo ndi mphuno yanu yayitali. Mbola ya njuchi ndi mavu siziopa hoopoe, chifukwa chake tizilombo timaperekanso nyama izi ndi chakudya chabwino.
Komanso kuchokera ku tizilombo, mbalameyi imakonda kudya akangaude, ntchentche zokhumudwitsa, ziwala, agulugufe ndi tamoyo tina tating'ono ta mtunduwu. Zimachitika kuti njoka, abuluzi, achule amakhala ozunzidwa ndi mbalameyi.
Amakhulupirira kuti poteteza anapiye awo, hoopoe amamenya mdaniyo ndikumuwombera m'maso
Nthawi zina, posankha malo okhala pafupi ndi malo okhala, ziphuphu zimayamba kudyetsa zinyalala zomwe zimapezeka m'matope. Ndipo kukumba zinyalala ndi manyowa, mbalameyi, imathandizidwanso ndi mlomo waukulu.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Pochita kubereka kwamtundu wawo, mbalame zotere zimakhalapo nthawi zonse. Choyambirira, ali okwatirana amodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, pomanga zisa, amakonda kusankha masamba omwewo kwa zaka zingapo.
Awo zisa za hoopoe yesani kubisala m'maso osafunikira m'ming'alu ndi m'mabowo, omwe sali okwera padziko lapansi. Nthawi zina amasankha zipilala pamakoma amiyala yosiyanasiyana kuti amange nyumba zokhalamo. Sakonda malo osafunikira, kuphatikiza abale.
Chifukwa chake, pakati pa azibambo okwatirana omwe akumenyera nkhondo kumenya nkhondo, zenizeni, ngati tambala nthawi zambiri zimachitika, pomwe amuna amamenyera okha mwaukali.
Oimira amtunduwu, omwe amakhala m'malo otseguka ku Russia, amafika m'malo obisalira nthawi yomweyo ndikuwoneka kwa zizindikilo zoyambirira za kasupe. Amuna, otanganidwa ndi malo osankhika, amakhala mwamphamvu kwambiri ndikufuula mokweza, kuyimbira anzawo.
Ndikotheka kumva mawu ngati awa m'mawa, komanso madzulo. Masana, nyimbo zosakira za mbalamezi zimamveka kawirikawiri.
Zosangalatsa mkazi hoopoe, posowa china chilichonse chabwino, chitha kuikira mazira m'mafupa a nyama zakufa. Mlandu udalembedwa pomwe chisa chidakonzedwa mu nthiti za mafupa amunthu. Mu clutch, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zidutswa zisanu ndi zinayi za mazira abulauni kapena imvi, pafupifupi 2 cm kukula kwake.
Njira yolumikizira imakhala pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Poterepa, kholo lamwamuna limapatsa bwenzi lake chakudya. Amathandizanso kudyetsa ana omwe adawonekera posachedwa.
Anapiye a hoopoe kukula ndikukula mwachangu. Ndipo ali ndi zaka zitatu, nthawi zina, milungu inayi, amatha kale kupanga ndege zawo zoyambirira. Kwa kanthawi, ana amayesetsabe kukhala pafupi ndi tsamba la makolo. Koma posakhalitsa amapeza ufulu wonse. Amakhala achonde patatha chaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene anabadwa.
Hoopoes amakhala oimira mbalame kwa nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Malinga ndi zomwe asayansi apeza, kuchuluka kwa mbalame zamtunduwu padziko lapansi ndizochulukirapo, ndipo sikuopsezedwa kuti zitha.
