Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Zolengedwa zamapikozi nthawi zonse zimadabwitsa iwo owazungulira ndi chisomo chawo chodabwitsa: khosi lalitali losinthasintha, miyendo yochititsa chidwi, yopyapyala yomwe imawakweza pamwamba pamtunda, mita imodzi ndi yayitali (ngakhale yaikazi ili yaying'ono pang'ono kuposa amuna awo).
Dokowe – mbalameIli ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, owongoka, aatali komanso owongoka. Chovala chanthenga cha zolengedwa zamapiko chotere sichodzaza ndi mitundu yowala, ndi choyera ndi zowonjezera zakuda. Zowona, mumitundu ina, wakuda amapitilira malo oyera.
Mapikowo ndi osangalatsa kukula kwake, okhala ndi gawo la pafupifupi mita ziwiri. Mutu ndi khosi lowoneka bwino ndizosangalatsa - maliseche, opanda nthenga, malo okutidwa ndi khungu lofiira, nthawi zina achikaso ndi mithunzi ina, kutengera mitundu.
Miyendo ilinso yopanda kanthu, ndipo khungu loyang'anapo pamiyendoyo ndi lofiira. Zala za mbalamezo, zokhala ndi zikopa, zimathera ndi zikhadabo za pinki.
Mbalame zoterezi ndi za dongosolo la adokowe akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo, omwe amatchedwanso mwanjira ina: akakolo. Ndipo oimira onse ndi mamembala am'banja lalikulu la adokowe. Chisoni chokha ndichoti chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo konse, nthumwi za ufumu wamphapayo zilibe mawu osangalatsa, koma zimalankhulana, ndikudina mulomo wawo ndikutulutsa mkokomo.
Mvera mawu a dokowe woyera
Zomwe mbalame ndi dokowe: kusamuka kapena ayi? Izi zimatengera dera lomwe mbalame zotere zimasankha ngati malo okhala. Zolengedwa zokongolazi zimapezeka m'malo ambiri ku Eurasia. Ndipo nyengo yozizira ikayamba, nthawi zambiri amapita ku dzinja ku Africa kapena kukula kwakukulu komanso otchuka chifukwa cha nyengo yabwino ku India.
Zimachitika kuti adokowe amasankha madera abwino akumwera kwa Asia kuti asamuke. Omwe amakhala m'makontinenti otentha, mwachitsanzo, ku Africa kapena South America, alibe ndege zanyengo yozizira.
Mitundu
Mtundu wa mbalamezi umaphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi 12. Oimira awo ali ofanana m'njira zambiri. Komabe, amapatsidwanso kusiyana pakukula ndi utoto wa nthenga, koma osati kokha. Alinso osiyana pamakhalidwe, zizolowezi ndi malingaliro kwa munthu.
Zochitika zosiyana za mawonekedwe akunja zitha kuwonedwa adokowe pachithunzichi.
Tiyeni tiwone bwino mitundu ina:
- Dokowe woyera ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yambirimbiri. Akuluakulu amatha kutalika kwa 120 cm ndikulemera pafupifupi 4 kg. Mtundu wa nthenga zawo umakhala wonyezimira kwathunthu, pomwe milomo ndi miyendo ndiyofiira.
Nthenga zokha zomwe zimadutsa mapiko ndi zakuda, chifukwa chake, zikapindidwa, zimapanga mdima kumbuyo kwa thupi, komwe zolengedwa zamapiko izi ku Ukraine zidalandira dzina loti "mphuno zakuda".
Amakhala m'malo ambiri ku Eurasia. Afala ku Belarus, ngakhale kuti ndi chizindikiro chake. Kwa nyengo yozizira, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimauluka kupita kumaiko aku Africa ndi India. Kwa anthu Dokowe woyera Amachita molimba mtima, ndipo oimira ufumu wamapiko nthawi zambiri amamanga zisa zawo pafupi ndi nyumba zawo.
Dokowe woyera
- Dokowe wa ku Far East, amene nthawi zina amatchedwanso kuti dokowe wa ku China komanso wakuda, amakhala amtundu wosowa ndipo amatetezedwa ku Russia, komanso ku Japan ndi China. Mbalame zotere zimakhazikika ku Peninsula yaku Korea, kudera la Primorye ndi Amur, kumadera akum'mawa ndi kumpoto kwa China, ku Mongolia.
Amakonda madambo, kuyesa kukhala kutali ndi anthu. Pofika nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimapita kumadera abwino, nthawi zambiri kumwera kwa China, komwe amakhala masiku awo m'madambo, komanso m'minda ya mpunga, komwe amapeza chakudya mosavuta.
Mbalamezi ndi zazikulu kuposa adokowe oyera. Milomo yawo imakulanso kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi utoto wakuda. Pamaso panu, wowonera mwatcheru amatha kuwona zigamba zofiira za khungu lopanda kanthu.
Amasiyana ndi achibale ena akum'mawa kwakutali ndi mulomo wakuda
- Dokowe wakuda - mitundu yosaphunzira bwino, ngakhale ili yambiri. Amakhala ndikukhala ku Africa. M'madera a Eurasia, amafalitsidwa kwambiri, makamaka m'malo osungira Belarus, amakhala mochuluka ku Primorsky Territory.
Kwa nyengo yozizira kuchokera kumadera ovuta, mbalame zimatha kupita kumwera kwa Asia. Oimira mitundu iyi ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa mitundu yomwe idafotokozedweratu. Amafika mpaka kulemera pafupifupi 3 kg.
Mthunzi wa nthenga za mbalamezi, monga dzina limatanthawuzira, ndi wakuda, koma wokhala ndi mkuwa wowonekera pang'ono kapena utoto wobiriwira. Mimba, zoyika pansi ndi pachifuwa pake zokha ndizoyera mu mbalame zotere. Madera ndi milomo ya periocular ndi ofiira.
Mbalame zamtunduwu zimakhazikika m'nkhalango zowirira, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi malo osungira ndi madambo, nthawi zina kumapiri.
Dokowe wakuda
- Dokowe wa mbewa zoyera ndi kamoyo kakang'ono poyerekeza ndi abale ake. Izi ndi mbalame zolemera pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi. Amakhala makamaka ku Africa ndipo amakhala kumeneko.
Amakhala ndi zokuzira zoyera ndi chifuwa, zomwe ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi nthenga yakuda ya thupi lonse. Ndipo chomalizachi chidakhala chifukwa cha dzina la mitunduyo. Mthunzi mlomo wa dokowe zosiyanasiyana izi ndizofiirira.
Ndipo m'nyengo yokwatirana, m'munsi mwa mlomo, khungu limakhala lowala buluu, chomwe chimadziwika ndi mbalame zotere. Amakhala m'mitengo ndi m'malo am'mbali mwa nyanja. Izi zimachitika nthawi yamvula, pomwe oimira mitundu yomwe ikufotokozedwayi amatchedwa ndi adokowe.
Dokowe woyera wokhala ndi zoyimira woimira banja
- Dokowe wa khosi loyera amapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana ku Asia ndi Africa, amamera bwino m'nkhalango zotentha. Kukula kwa mbalame nthawi zambiri sikupitilira masentimita 90. Mtundu wakumbuyo umakhala wakuda kwambiri ndi tinge yofiira, mapiko okhala ndi ubweya wobiriwira.
Monga dzinalo limatanthauza, khosi ndi loyera, koma limawoneka ngati chipewa chakuda pamutu.
Dokowe wa khosi loyera ali ndi nthenga zoyera za khosi
- Dokowe waku America amakhala kumwera chakumwera kwa kontinentiyo. Izi si mbalame zazikulu kwambiri. Mumtundu wa nthenga ndi mawonekedwe ake, amafanana ndi dokowe woyera, wosiyana ndi mawonekedwe a mchira wakuda wafoloko.
Okalamba amasiyanitsidwa ndi mlomo wabuluu wabuluu. Mbalame zoterezi zimamanga pafupi ndi malo osungira m'nkhalango. Chowotcha chawo chimakhala ndi ochepa kwambiri (nthawi zambiri pafupifupi zidutswa zitatu) za mazira, zomwe sizokwanira poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame.
Ana obadwa kumenewa amakhala okutidwa ndi madzi oyera, ndipo patatha miyezi itatu okha, ana ndi mtundu wa nthenga amakhala ofanana ndi achikulire.
Kujambulidwa ndi dokowe waku America
- Dokowe wamakhosi opota ubweya ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri, wokhala pangozi. Mbalame zoterezi zimakhala, kuwonjezera pa dziko lomwe ladziwika ndi dzinali, ku Thailand, Sumatra, Indonesia, ndi zilumba zina komanso mayiko omwe ali ngati nyengo.
Nthawi zambiri amachita mosamala, mosamala kwambiri, kubisala m'maso mwa anthu. Ali ndi nthenga zapadera zamakala amakala, nkhope zawo zili maliseche zokutidwa ndi khungu lalanje lokha, popanda nthenga.
Padziko maso - mabwalo achikasu ofanana ndi magalasi. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya adokowe, oimira zamoyozi amamanga zisa zazing'ono. Mwa iwo, ana awiri okha amakula kuchokera ku clutch imodzi. Pambuyo pakukula kwa mwezi ndi theka, anapiye amtunduwu amadziyimira pawokha.
Dokowe wa khosi lopangidwa ndi ubweya wachinyama ndi amene amapezeka kwambiri pabanjapo
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mbalamezi zimasankha madambo komanso madambo amoyo wawo wonse. Dokowe nthawi zambiri samapanga gulu lalikulu, amakonda kukhala patokha kapena kukhala pagulu laling'ono. Kupatula nyengo yachisanu, ndiye kuti magulu omwe mbalamezi zimasonkhana amatha kufika masauzande angapo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pamaulendo ataliatali, adokowe amatha kugona mlengalenga. Nthawi yomweyo, kupuma ndi kugunda kwa zamoyozi kumakhala kocheperako. Koma kumva kwawo mderali kumangokhala kovuta kwambiri, zomwe ndizofunikira kwa mbalame kuti zisasochere komanso kuti zisalimbane ndi gulu la abale awo.
Panjira yopumulirayi, kotala la ola ndi yokwanira mbalame, pambuyo pake imadzuka, ndipo zamoyo zawo zimabwerera mwakale.
Pakapita ndege zazitali, adokowe amatha kugona akamauluka osataya "njira" yawo
Mukamayankhulana, adokowe samachita nawo chidwi, chifukwa mbalame zokongolazi, zowoneka bwino zimapha achibale odwala ndi ofooka popanda kuwamvera chisoni. Ngakhale kuchokera pakuwona, machitidwe oterewa ndiwololera ndipo amathandizira kusankha mwachilengedwe.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti m'mabuku a olemba zakale ndi Middle Ages dokowe omwe nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati mawonekedwe akusamalira makolo. Nthano zili paliponse zakuti mbalame zoterezi zimasamalira achikulire zikalephera kudzisamalira.
Zakudya zabwino
Ngakhale ndi okongola, adokowe ndi owopsa kuzinthu zambiri zamoyo, chifukwa ndi mbalame zodya nyama. Achule amaonedwa kuti ndi abwino kwambiri. Monga chitsamba mbalame ngati dokowe ngakhale kunja, zimadya nyama zambiri zomwe zimakhala m'madzi, kuzigwira m'madzi osaya.
Amakonda kwambiri nsomba. Zakudya zawo zosiyanasiyana zimaphatikizaponso nkhono. Kuphatikiza apo, adokowe amakonda kudya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono; pamtunda amatola abuluzi ndi njoka, ngakhale njoka zapoizoni. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti mbalamezi zimawopseza nyama zazing'ono monga agologolo, mbewa, mbewa, ndi makoswe.
Zonsezi zimaphatikizidwanso pazakudya zawo. Adokowe amatha kudya ngakhale akalulu.
Alenjewa ali ndi nthenga kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kuyenda ndikubwerera ndi miyendo yawo yayitali, samangoyenda, koma amasaka nyama yomwe akufuna. Wovutitsidwayo akawonekera m'munda wawo wamasomphenya, mbalamezo mwachangu komanso mwaluso zimathamangira pomwepo ndikuzigwira ndi milomo yawo yayitali.
Mbalame zotere zimadyetsa ana awo pang'ono, ndipo mwana akamakula pang'ono, makolo amaponyera mphutsi pakamwa pawo.
Nsomba ndi achule zimakonda kwambiri adokowe
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Zisa za adokowe amitundu yambiri imakonda kukhala yayikulu komanso yotakata, kotero kuti m'mphepete mwa mbalame zazing'ono monga ngolo, mpheta, nyenyezi nthawi zambiri zimatha kuphunzitsa anapiye awo.
Nyumba zoterezi zimakhala zoposa chaka chimodzi, nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa kwa mibadwo yotsatira. Ndipo mbalamezi zimasankha malo oti azikhalamo kwa anapiye kwanthawi yayitali. Pali vuto lodziwika ku Germany pomwe adokowe oyera adagwiritsa ntchito chisa chimodzi, chopindika pa nsanja, kwazaka mazana anayi.
Izi ndi zolengedwa zamapiko zokhala ndi banja limodzi, ndipo mgwirizano wamagulu am'mabanja otere suwonongedwa m'moyo wawo wonse. Mabanja omwe amakhalabe okhulupirika kwa wina ndi mnzake amatenga nawo gawo pomanga zisa, amakulitsa ndi kudyetsa ana mogwirizana, ndikugawana zovuta zonse pakati pawo.
Zowona, miyambo yakukwatirana, kutengera mitundu, imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe, komanso dongosolo lamwamuna posankha mnzake. Mwachitsanzo, pakati pa abambo a adokowe oyera, ndichizolowezi kusankha mkazi woyamba yemwe adakwera kupita kuchisa chake ngati mkazi wawo.
Kuphatikiza apo, woyang'anira watsopanoyu amayikira mazira mpaka zidutswa zisanu ndi ziwiri. Ndiye makulitsidwe kumatenga pafupifupi mwezi, ndipo mpaka miyezi iwiri - nthawi ya nestling. Kwa ana odwala ndi ofooka, makolo nthawi zambiri amakhala ankhanza, amawathamangitsa pachisa popanda kuwamvera chisoni.
Pambuyo masiku 55 kuchokera pakubadwa, kutuluka koyamba kwa nyama zazing'ono kumachitika nthawi zambiri. Ndipo pakatha milungu ingapo, anapiyewo amakula msinkhu moti amatha kukhala okha. Mbadwo watsopano umakula pofika nthawi yophukira, kenako banja la adokowe imasweka.
Pasanathe mwezi, anapiye amakhala ndi nthenga, ndipo pambuyo pa mwezi wina amayesa ulendo wawo woyamba.
Achinyamata, okhwima mwakuthupi, amakhala okonzeka kukhala ndi ana awo azaka pafupifupi zitatu. Ndipo pakatha chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, nthawi zina pambuyo pa zitatu, amapanga mabanja awo.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa mbalame zotere m'chilengedwe kumatha zaka 20. Komabe, mu ukapolo, nthawi iyi ikhoza kukulitsidwa kwambiri ndi chisamaliro chokwanira ndikukonzanso.
