Zithunzi za swans kapena kamba nkhunda zimamangiriridwa ku zingwe zaukwati. Zakale zimalumikizidwa mosadabwitsa ndi kukhulupirika. Akasankha wokwatirana naye, ma swans amasunga banja limodzi moyo wawo wonse. Nkhunda, monga nkhunda zina, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ambiri ndi chiyero komanso mtendere.
Komabe, mbalame ndi chizindikiro cha kukhulupirika. Monga swans, nkhunda zokhulupirika zimakhala zokhulupirika kwa mnzake m'miyoyo yawo yonse, ndipo ngakhale atamwalira kapena kutayika, samasankha zatsopano nthawi zonse. Koma momwe mungasiyanitsire mbalame ndi njiwa zina?
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a nkhunda
Nkhunda — mbalame kutalika kwa masentimita 22 mpaka 28. Mbalameyi imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 130. Kuchokera ku njiwa ya mzindawo njiwa sikusiyana kokha ndi kuchepa, komanso kuwonda, mchira wozungulira, mawoko ofiira.
Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pamwamba pa mbalameyi pamajambulidwa malankhulidwe abulauni. Nthenga zina zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera. Mitunduyi imawonjezera mitundu yokongola. Pakhosi la mbalameyo pamakhala mikwingwirima iwiri - yakuda ndi yoyera. Amafanana ndi mkanda.
Kodi nkhunda imawoneka bwanji? Chotsani pazithunzi. Komabe, mawonekedwe a anatomical samawoneka pazithunzizo nthawi zonse. Nkhunda ndi ya mbalame zam'mlengalenga zatsopano. Ambiri aiwo ali m'gulu lamitundu yamakono.
Mafupa a palatine ndi pterygoid a nkhunda amalumikizidwa. Izi zimathandiza kuti nsagwada zakumtunda zizisunthika mosavuta pokhudzana ndi chigaza. Zotsatira zake, mbalame zam'mlengalenga zatsopano zimatha kuyenda movutikira ndi milomo yawo, kutalika kwake kumakhala kotakata.
Kufotokozera kwa nkhunda ya nkhunda sichimangokhudza mawonekedwe ake okha, komanso mawu ake. M'mitundu yambiri yam nthenga, imakhala yachisoni. Kuimba kuli ngati kung'ung'udza kwa mtsinje. M'madera ouma, ankasakasaka madzi ndi mawu a njiwa.
Mverani mawu a kamba
Nkhunda yolumikizidwa
Nkhunda wamba
Anthu okhala m'malo am'chipululu adazindikira kuti madzulo njiwa zimakhamukira kumadzi othirira. Chifukwa chake, pomwe pali nkhunda, pali mtsinje, nyanja, kiyi. choncho mverani njiwa ikuimba kawiri bwino.
Mitundu ya nkhunda
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 10 ya nkhunda m'chilengedwe. Asanu mwa iwo amapezeka ku Russia. Imodzi mwa mitundu ya nkhunda zoweta siziimba ngati kuseka. Ndi za nkhunda yaying'ono. Amatchedwanso njiwa yoseketsa.
Nkhunda yaying'ono
Ali ndi nthenga zaimvi zamapiko, zofiirira zokhala ndi mawanga amvi kumbuyo, ofiira vinyo pamutu, pachifuwa, ndi m'khosi. Yotsirizira ili ndi zolemba zakuda m'mbali. Nthenga zouluka za njiwa zimakhala ndi mtundu womwewo.
Mwa nkhunda zonse, yaying'onoyo ndi nyama zokhazokha zoweta. Mbalame yolemera magalamu 130 imabadwira chifukwa cha zakudya, nyama zokoma. Malo achilengedwe a mbalame ndi kumwera kwa Russia. Anthu omwe siabanja amakhala ndi chidwi chofuna mizinda ndi midzi. Mbalamezi zimakonda kupanga zisa zawo pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu.
Mitundu ina ya mbalame zomwe zimakhala ku Russia ndi monga:
- Nkhunda yayikulu... Kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita 34. Pa nthawi yomweyo kulemera ndi wofanana za mazana atatu magalamu. Mapiko a mbalame amafika masentimita 60. Sizingatheke kuwona mbalame pafupi ndi midzi, ngati njiwa yaying'ono. Oimira mitundu yayikulu akukwera m'chipululu cha nkhalango.
Mutha kuzindikira mbalameyo ndi kumbuyo kwake kofiirira komanso kumimba kofiirira. Zolemba zakuda ndi zoyera zimaphatikizidwa kumbuyo kwa khosi. Zolemba ndizolondola.
Nkhunda yayikulu
Ndikothekanso kupeza mutu wofiira waukulu pakamvekedwe kazisa zokha. Nthawi yonseyi, oimira mitunduyo amakhala chete. Palibe nzeru kufunafuna kumadzulo kwa dzikolo. Nkhunda zazikuluzikulu sizimapezeka kumwera kwa Urals.
- Nkhunda yolumikizidwa... Mu mzere wa kukula kwa oimira banja amatenga malo achiwiri. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalame ndi 30 sentimita. Fifitini mwa iwo ali kumchira. Mu nkhunda yolumikizidwa, imakhala yayitali poyerekeza ndi kutalika kwa thupi kuposa ena. Mchira uli ndi nthenga zoyera ndi zamitundu.
Msana wofiirira wa nkhunda yolumikizidwa umaphatikizidwa ndi mutu wapinki, pinki, bere, ndi pamimba. Amatchedwa mkanda wakuda ndi woyera.
Nkhunda yolumikizidwa
Makhalidwe ake, nkhunda yolimba ndiyodalira komanso yolimba mtima, nthawi zambiri imakhala m'mizinda. Kukhazikika kumadzulo kwa Russia ndi Europe ndi koyenera. Pokhala thermophilic, njiwa yolumikizira iuluka mpaka nyengo yozizira, makamaka, ku Africa.
- Nkhunda ya diamondi... Zing'onozing'ono. Kutalika kwa mbalameyi ndi masentimita 20, ndipo kulemera kwake sikupitilira magalamu 50. Mitunduyi idabweretsedwa ku Russia kuchokera ku Australia, imasungidwa makamaka kunyumba. Komabe, mbalame zina zomwe zinamasulidwa ku ukapolo zinamera mizu, n'kukhala imodzi mwa nkhunda zosamukasamuka.
Nkhunda ya diamondi
Nkhunda ya diamondi ili ndi nthenga za phulusa. Kunja kwa mapiko, utoto umakhala wotuwa kwambiri. Mwa "munda" uwu ndikumwaza "diamondi" - mawanga oyera.
- Nkhunda yamba wamba... Imakhala yayitali mpaka 29 sentimita ndipo imalemera magalamu 300. Kumbuyo kwa njiwa kujambulidwa ndi utoto. Palinso kamvekedwe kofiira pabere la nkhunda. Mbali zake zimakhala zakuda komanso zoyera. Mimba ndi yamkaka. Mitunduyi imasamukira kwina. Pofika nyengo yozizira, nkhunda wamba zimayenda kuchokera kumadzulo kwa Russia kupita ku Europe ndi Africa.
Kunja kwa Russia, mungapeze nkhunda ya emerald. Nthenga zobiriwira pamapiko ake. Poterepa, flywheel ndi yakuda. Thupi la mbalameyi ndi lofiirira. Pamutu pa nkhunda ndimtundu wa chipewa. Amapangidwa ndi nthenga zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mlomo ndi wowala komanso lalanje. Mutha kukumana ndi nkhunda za emerald m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri zotentha ndi madera otentha.
Nkhunda yamba wamba
Ngati Nkhunda yachithunzi wosiyanitsidwa ndi mapiko a buluu, mchira ndi kumbuyo, khosi losalala ndi mimba, mutu woyera, ndi mitundu yabuluu yapadziko lapansi. Oimira ake amakhala ku Peru, Argentina, Mexico. Kukula kwake, mbalamezi zili pafupi ndi nkhunda yaying'ono, koma, mosiyana ndi izi, sizimalekerera nyengo yowuma.
Ku China, kuli nkhunda yamawangamawanga. Mitunduyi idabweretsedwa kuchokera ku China kupita ku America ndi Australia. Nkhunda ndi yofiirira. Nthenga pamutu ndi pinki. Dzinali ndiloyenera chifukwa cha malo akuda kwambiri pakhosi. Chizindikirocho chimakhala ndi madontho oyera.
Nkhunda ya Emarodi
Mitundu yaku Africa ndiyofunikanso kukumbukira. Oimira ake ndi abulauni ofiira. Mitu ya mbalameyi imvi ndi mapiko ofiira. Payenera kukhala kolala yakuda ndi yoyera pakhosi la njiwa yaku Africa.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Malo okhalamo amatengera mtundu wa nkhunda. Zanenedwa kale kuti njiwa yomwe ili ndi mawanga ndi yaku Asia, yabuluu ndi yaku America, mwala wa diamondi ndi waku Australia. Kwa nyengo yozizira, nkhunda zaku kumpoto kwa zachilengedwe zimaulukira ku Africa. Kumeneko, mbalame zambiri zimakhala ku Sahara komanso kudera la Sudan. Nkhunda zochokera kumalo otentha zimakhala moyo wongokhala.
Nkhunda zina zimakhazikika m'zipinda zam'mwamba ndi m'mapaki, pomwe zina zimakwera kutali ndi anthu, kupita kunkhalango. Mwa njira, mamembala ambiri am'banja amakonda nkhalango zowuma. Zosakanikirana - njira yosungira njiwa kuchokera kumpoto. M'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri, mbalame sizikhazikika.
Nkhunda yotseguka pachisa
Kuphatikiza pa nkhalango zonse, nkhunda zimazindikira zitsamba zamatchire. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti pali gwero la madzi pafupi. Nkhunda zimabisa zisa zawo m'zomera. Ngati zamoyozo zimasamukira kwina, nthumwi zake zimabwerera kumalo oswana kumapeto kwa Epulo, koyambirira kwa Meyi.
Ndege zimapangidwa m'magulu a anthu pafupifupi 2. Nkhunda zamakamba zimachotsedwa m'nyumba zawo mkati mwa Ogasiti, koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Madeti enieni amadalira zigawo zoswana. Kuchokera kumpoto, mbalame zimauluka koyambirira.
Chakudya cha kamba
Pakati pa nkhunda pali zamasamba komanso mitundu yosakanikirana. Menyu imatha kuphatikizira tizilombo ndi ma molluscs ang'onoang'ono. Nkhunda zam'madzi zimasankha zakudya zamasamba:
- mbewu za buckwheat, hemp, mapira, tirigu
- paini, alder, spruce, mbewu za birch
- mbewu ya mpendadzuwa
Mbeu ya njiwa ya mphutsi imatulutsidwa m'mabasiketi. Nkhunda izi zimawononga mbewu. Komabe, mbalame zimatenga mbewu zina ndi mbewu zina pansi, osakhudza makutu, inflorescence. Mosiyana ndi izi, nkhunda zimathandiza alimi podula mbewu za udzu, mwazinthu zina.
Mazira a nkhunda
Ngati munda wakumana mbalame ngati nkhunda, ikhoza kukhala njiwa ina iliyonse, mwachitsanzo, nkhunda ya nkhuni. Kuphatikiza pa imvi za m'tawuni, pali mitundu yambiri. Nkhunda zonse padziko lapansi ndi 400 miliyoni.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Mawu oti "dothi" amapezeka m'mazina a njiwa zina. Ichi ndi chisonyezo cha malo omwe asankhidwa kuti apange chisa. Nkhunda zambiri zimaswa anapiye pansi. Zisa zimamangidwanso kutalika kwa 0,5-6 mita, kukhazikitsidwa panthambi zamitengo yolunjika.
Chisa cha njiwa chimapangidwa chopindika, chodzaza mosagwirizana ndi nthambi zowuma. Chifukwa cha ichi, pali mipata mumapangidwe. Pakatalika masentimita 4, chisa chimakhala pafupifupi 19 cm mulifupi. Izi ndi zokwanira kusamalira mazira awiri okhala ndi m'mimba mwake pafupifupi 2 komanso kutalika kwa masentimita atatu. Amuna ndi akazi amasintha positi.
Anapiye a nkhunda
Mazira a nkhunda ndi oyera. Anapiye amaswa pa tsiku la 14 atagona. Zimatenga masiku makumi awiri kuti nthenga ndi kuuluka. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, achinyamata amatuluka kukakhala panthambi ndipo, nthawi zina, amagwa. Zidakali zopanda chochita, mbalamezo zimafa. Poganizira kuti pali anapiye awiri okha mwa ana, kutayika kumawonekera. Chifukwa chake, nkhunda zimapanga timitengo tating'onoting'ono ta 2-3 pachaka.
Kumtchire, nkhunda zamoyo zimakhala zaka 5-7. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame sizimafa momwe zimafunira. Nkhunda za njiwa zilibe njira zotetezera adani awo. Kunyumba ndi kumalo osungira nyama, nkhunda zimakhala zaka 20. Nthawi yomweyo, kusamalira nkhunda sizovuta. Mbalame ndizodzichepetsa pazakudya, kuzolowera mosavuta komanso ngakhale kukondana ndi anthu, samadwala kawirikawiri.
