Nkhani ya nkhunda yoyendayenda imalongosola momwe mtundu wokula bwino umatha msanga. Amasiyana ndi ena mu nthenga zofiira za khosi ndi kumbuyo kwa buluu mbali. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, panali anthu 5 biliyoni. Mu 1914, palibe m'modzi yemwe adakhalapo.
Nkhunda zosochera zinayamba kuphedwa pa gulu, popeza kufunikira kwa kutumizirana makalata ndi mbalame kwatha. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, anthu osauka amafunikira nyama yokoma ndi yotsika mtengo, ndipo alimi amafunikira kuchotsa gulu la mbalame zomwe zimadya m'minda yawo.
M'zaka za zana la 20, Buku Lalikulu lidapangidwa. Zimaphatikizapo nkhunda zomwe zimayendayenda ndi mitundu ina yomwe sinathe. Tsegulani masambawo.
Nyama zomwe zatha m'zaka za zana lino
Chipembere chakuda ku Cameroon
Khungu la nyama ndi laimvi. Koma malo omwe zipembere za ku Cameroon zidapezeka ndi zakuda. Pokonda kugwa m'matope, oimira zinyama zaku Africa adapeza mtundu womwewo.
Palinso zipembere zoyera. Adapulumuka chifukwa ali achiwawa kuposa abale awo omwe adafa. Nyama zakuda zimasakidwa makamaka ngati nyama zosavuta. Woimira womaliza wamtunduwu adamwalira mu 2013.
Chisindikizo cha Caribbean
Ku Caribbean, anali yekhayo woyimira banja lachisindikizo. Anatsegulidwa mu 1494. Ichi ndi chaka chomwe Columbus adayendera gombe la Santo Domingo. Ngakhale pamenepo, anthu aku Caribbean adakonda kukhala okha, osakhala kutali ndi midzi. Anthu pawokha sanapitirire masentimita 240 kutalika.
Buku lakuda lakuda amatchula zisindikizo zaku Caribbean kuyambira 2008. Uwu ndi chaka chomwe zolembedwazo zidalengezedwa kuti zatha. Komabe, sanamuwone kuyambira 1952. Kwa zaka zopitilira makumi asanu, dera lomwe chidindocho chimakhalapo limadziwika kuti silikudziwika, ndikuyembekeza kudzakumana naye.
Kambuku wadzala ndi Taiwan
Ankapezeka ku Taiwan, osapezeka kunja kwake. Kuyambira 2004, chilombocho sichinapezeke kulikonse. Nyamayo inali subspecies ya kambuku wamtambo. Anthu akomweko ku Taiwan amaganiza kuti nyalugwe wakomweko anali mizimu ya makolo awo. Ngati pali chowonadi pakukhulupilira, palibe kuthandizira kwina kulikonse.
Poyembekeza kupeza akambuku aku Taiwan, asayansi adaika makamera a infrared 13,000 m'malo awo. Kwa zaka 4 palibe woimira m'modzi wamtunduwu amene adalowa muma lens.
Nsomba zam'madzi zaku China
Kufikira mamita 7 m'litali. Anali nsomba yayikulu kwambiri pamtsinje. Nsagwada za nyamazo zinapinda ngati mtundu wa lupanga zomwe zinatembenukira chammbali. Oimira mitunduyo adapezeka kumtunda kwa Yangtze. Ndiko komwe paddlefish yomaliza idawonedwa mu Januware 2003.
A Chinese paddlefish anali ndi ubale ndi ma sturgeon, ndipo amakhala moyo wadyera.
Mbalame ya Pyrenean
Munthu womaliza adamwalira mu 2000. Monga momwe dzinali limanenera, nyamayo inkakhala m'mapiri a Spain ndi France. Kale m'zaka za m'ma 80, panali 14 ibex yokha. Mtunduwo unali woyamba kuyesa kuchira mwa kupanga mwala. Komabe, makope a zitsanzo zachilengedwe adamwalira mwachangu asanakwaniritse.
Ng'ombe zankhumba zomaliza zidakhala pa Phiri la Perdido. Ndi mbali yaku Spain ya Pyrenees. Akatswiri ena a zinyama amakana kulingalira kuti zamoyozo zatha. Chotsutsana ndichosakanikirana kwa mapiri a Pyrenees otsala ndi mitundu ina ya nkhumba zachilengedwe. Ndiye kuti, tikulankhula za kutayika kwa kuyeretsa kwa chibadwa cha anthu, osati zakusowa kwake.
Mtsinje wa ku China wotchedwa dolphin
Izi nyama zakuda zakuda, adalengezedwa kutha mu 2006. Ambiri mwa anthuwa adamwalira atakodwa ndi maukonde. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000, panali ma dolphin aku China omwe adatsala 13. Kumapeto kwa 2006, asayansi adapita kukafufuza, koma sanapeze nyama ngakhale imodzi.
Wachichaina adasiyana ndi ma dolphin ena amtsinje chifukwa chakumapeto kwake kofanana ndi mbendera. Kutalika kwake, nyamayo idafika masentimita 160, yolemera makilogalamu 100 mpaka 150.
Nyama zomwe zinatha m'zaka zapitazi
Chidebe chagolide
Golide amatchulidwa chifukwa cha mtundu wa amuna amtunduwo. Iwo anali kwathunthu lalanje-chikasu. Zazikazi zamtunduwu zidadziwika. Mtundu wonse wa akazi unali pafupi ndi brindle. Akazi nawonso amasiyana kukula, pokhala akulu kuposa amuna.
Golide wagolide ankakhala m'nkhalango zotentha ku Costa Rica. Anthu adziwa mitunduyo kwazaka pafupifupi 20. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, chinsalu chagolide chidafotokozedwa mu 1966. Pofika zaka 90, nyama zasiya kuchitika m'chilengedwe.
Reobatrachus
Chule wina yemwe anali atatha ku Australia. Kunja ndi kosawoneka bwino, kotchinga komanso ndi maso akulu. Koma rheobatrachus anali ndi mtima wabwino. Akazi anameza caviar, onyamula m'mimba kwa pafupifupi milungu iwiri osadya. Chifukwa chake achule adateteza ana ku chiwonongeko cha adani. Nthawi itakwana, achule anabadwa, kutuluka mkamwa mwa amayi.
Rheobatrachus womaliza anamwalira mu 1980.
Tecopa
Iyi ndi nsomba, yotchulidwa mu 1948 ndi Robert Miller. Mitunduyi inanenedwa kuti yatha mu 1973. Uku kunali kuzindikira kovomerezeka koyamba kutayika kwa ziweto. Izi zisanachitike, mndandanda wakuda kunalibe.
Tecopa anali nsomba yaing'ono, kwenikweni masentimita 5-10 kutalika. Mitunduyi sinali yamtengo wapatali, koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama.
Cougar yaku Kum'mawa
Zinali subspecies za cougar yaku North America. Chitsanzo chomaliza chidawomberedwa mu 1938. Komabe, izi zidawonekera mzaka zapitazi zokha. Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 70, mitunduyi idawonedwa kuti ili pangozi, ndipo idadziwika kuti yatayika kokha mu 2011.
M'malo mwake, ma cougars akum'mawa sanasiyane ndi akumadzulo, amasiyana nawo kokha m'malo awo. Chifukwa chake, ngati anthu akumadzulo ayamba kulowa m'dera la abale omwe atha, zimawoneka kuti omalizawa sanapezeke kwa anthu, koma adapitilizabe kukhalapo.
Thylacina
Buku lakuda la nyama zakutha imayimira chirombocho ngati kambuku wa ku Tasmania. Dzinali limapezeka chifukwa chakupezeka kwa mikwingwirima yopingasa kumbuyo kwa nyamayo. Zimakhala zakuda kuposa momwe malaya amathandizira. Kunja, thylacine amawoneka ngati nkhandwe kapena galu.
Mwa ma marsupial odya, anali wamkulu kwambiri, amakhala ku Australia. Kwa alimi adziko lino, chilombocho chinali choopsa chifukwa chimagunda ziweto. Chifukwa chake, ma thylacines adawomberedwa mwachangu. Mu 1888, boma la Australia linalengeza bonasi ya nkhandwe iliyonse yomwe yaphedwa. Womaliza m'chilengedwe adaphedwa mu 1930. Anthu angapo adatsalira kumalo osungira nyama, omwe omaliza adamwalira mu 1934.
Bubal
Iyi ndi antelope yaku North Africa. Analemera pafupifupi mapaundi 200. Kutalika kwa nyama kunali masentimita 120. Kuphatikiza apo panali nyanga zopangidwa ndi zingwe zokhala ngati masentimita 70.
Bubal womaliza adamwalira ku Paris Zoo mu 1923. Nyama zinawomberedwa nyama, zikopa, nyanga
Quagga
Izi ndi subspecies za Burchell zebra, amakhala ku Africa, kumwera kwa kontrakitala. Kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kwa quagga kunali, ngati kavalo wamba. Mutu, khosi komanso gawo la lamba wamapewa linali ndi mikwingwirima ngati ya mbidzi. Omalizawa ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa achibale awo omwe atha.
Nyama ya quagg inali yokoma ndipo khungu linali lamphamvu. Chifukwa chake, alendo ochokera ku Holland adayamba kuwombera mbidzi. Ndi "thandizo" lawo mitunduyo idatha pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20.
Kambuku wa ku Javanese
Ankakhala pachilumba cha Java. Chifukwa chake dzina la tiger subspecies. Mwa opulumuka, adani achijava amafanana ndi a ku Sumatran. Komabe, nyama zomwe zasowa, mikwingwirima sinali kupezeka pafupipafupi, ndipo utoto wake unali wowala pang'ono.
Mitunduyi idatha chifukwa idawomberanso. Olusa adasankha nyama zosavuta - ziweto, zomwe adaziwononga. Kuphatikiza apo, mitsinjeyo inali yosangalatsa kwa alenje ngati gwero laubweya wofunika. Pazifukwa zomwezi, akambuku aku Balinese ndi Transcaucasian adawonongedwa m'zaka za zana la 20.
Tarpan
Uyu ndiye kholo la akavalo. Anthu aku Tarpan amakhala kum'mawa kwa Europe ndi kumadzulo Russia. Buku lakuda lakuda lowonjezeredwa ndi kavalo wamtchire mu 1918. Mu Russia, stallion womaliza anaphedwa mu 1814 m'dera Kaliningrad. Ankawombera akavalo, chifukwa amadya udzu wokolola m'mapiri. Iwo ankacheka izo kuti ziweto. Akavalo amtchire akamadya, ena wamba amafa ndi njala.
Ma Tarp anali achangu komanso ochepa. Ena mwa anthu "omwe adalembetsa" ku Siberia. Mitundu ina yamtunduwu yakhala ikuweta. Potengera anthu otere, mahatchi ngati tarpan adabadwa ku Belarus. Komabe, sali ofanana ndi makolo awo.
Guadalupe caracara
Dzinalo limawonetsa komwe mbalameyi imakhala. Ankakhala pachilumba cha Guadalupe. Ili ndiye gawo la Mexico. Kutchulidwa kotsiriza kwa caracar wamoyo kudachitika mu 1903.
Ma Karakars anali achinyengo ndipo anali ndi mbiri yoyipa. Anthu sanakonde kuti ngakhale mbalame zodyetsedwa bwino zimapha ziweto, ndikuzipha kuti zisangalale. Karakars adawononga abale awo ndi anapiye awo, ngati anali ofooka. Alimi a pachilumbacho atangolandira mankhwalawo, adayamba kufafaniza mphekesera.
Nkhandwe ya Kenai
Iye anali wamkulu pakati pa mimbulu yozizira. Kutalika kwa nyama pakufota kunadutsa masentimita 110. Mmbulu wotere ukhoza kupambanitsa mphwayi, zomwe adachita. Oimira amtundu wa Kenai nawonso ankasaka nyama zina zazikulu.
Mimbulu ya Kenai inkakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Canada. Woimira womaliza wamtunduwu adawonedwa kumeneko mu 1910. Mmbulu udaphedwa, monga enawo. Adyera a Kenai ali ndi chizolowezi chosaka nyama.
Khoswe wa kangaroo
Omaliza anamwalira mu 1930. Nyamayo inali yaying'ono kwambiri pakati pa ma marsupial, omwe amakhala ku Australia. Apo ayi, nyamayo inkatchedwa kangaroo ya m'mawere.
Khoswe wa steppe anafa popanda kuthandizidwa ndi anthu. Nyamazo zinakhazikika kumadera akutali, ovuta kufikako. Mitunduyi sinathe kupirira kusintha kwa nyengo komanso ziwopsezo za adani.
Caroline parrot
Anali mbalame yokhayokha ya parrot yokha ku North America. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazo, mbalameyi idadziwika kuti ndi mdani wamitengo yazipatso kumeneko. Mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zinadya zokololazo. Kuwombera mwakhama kunayamba. Kuphatikiza apo, malo achilengedwe a mbalame adawonongedwa. Makamaka, nyamazo zinkakonda madambo okhala ndi mitengo ya ndege yopanda pake.
Parrot womaliza wa a Caroline adamwalira mu 1918. Matupi a nthumwi za omwe adatha padziko lapansi anali obiriwira. Pakhosi, uthengawo unasanduka wachikasu. Mbalameyi inali ndi nthenga za lalanje ndi zofiira pamutu pake.
Nyama zomwe zinatayika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20
Nkhandwe ya Falkland
Kuzilumba za Falkland, ndiye nyama zokhazokha zokhazokha. Buku lakuda la nyama zakutha imanena kuti nkhandwe idafuula ngati agalu. Nyamayo inali ndi chisoti chachikulu, makutu ang'onoang'ono. Panali mawanga oyera kumchira ndi mphuno za nkhandweyo. Mimba ya chilombocho inalinso yopepuka, kumbuyo ndi mbali zake zinali zofiirira.
Nkhandwe ya Falkland inaphedwa ndi munthu. M'ma 1860, atsamunda ochokera ku Scotland adapita pazilumba ndikuyamba kuweta nkhosa. Ankhandwe anayamba kuwasaka osawopa anthu, chifukwa olanda kale anali opanda adani achilengedwe pazilumbazi. Atsamunda adabwezera ziweto zawo pakupha chinyengo chomaliza mu 1876.
Kangaroo wautali
Anadzisiyanitsa ndi kangaroo wofiira, yemwe adakhala chizindikiro cha Australia, wokhala ndi makutu ataliatali, wokulirapo komanso wopepuka komanso wowonda.
Nyamayo inkakhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Australia. Chitsanzo chomaliza chidatengedwa mu 1889.
Ezo nkhandwe
Ankakhala ku Japan. Kunja kwa malire ake, nthawi zambiri ankatchedwa hokkaido. Kukambirana, ndi nyama ziti zomwe zili mu Bukhu lakuda pakati pa mimbulu yomwe yatha, ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi anthu amakono aku Europe, asayansi amakumbukira ndendende ezo. Zolusa izi anali ndi thupi muyezo, ndi kutalika anali yemweyo - 110-130 masentimita.
Ezo womaliza adamwalira mu 1889. Nkhandweyo idawomberedwa ndipo idalandira mphotho kuchokera kuboma. Chifukwa chake olamulira adathandizira kulima, kuteteza ng'ombe kuti ziwomberedwe ndi imvi.
Wopanda mapiko auk
Kutha pakati pa zaka za zana la 19. Unali wofalikira ku Atlantic. Pokhala kumpoto, anyaniwa amasiyanitsidwa ndi kutentha kwawo. Chifukwa chake, mbalame ija inawonongedwa. Nthenga yotulutsidwayo idagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapilo.
Nyama yopanda mapiko ija idatchulidwa chifukwa idali isanakule miyendo yoyenda. Sanathe kukweza nyama yayikulu mlengalenga. Izi zidapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kusaka nthumwi za mitunduyo.
Cape mkango
Yotsirizira idagwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19. Mitunduyi inkakhala pafupi ndi Cape Peninsula, kumwera kwa Africa. Ngati mikango wamba ili ndi mane pamutu, ndiye kuti ku Cape mikango idaphimba pachifuwa ndi m'mimba. Kusiyananso kwina kwa mitunduyi kunali nsonga zakuda za makutu.
Atsamunda ochokera ku Holland ndi England omwe amakhala ku Africa samamvetsetsa zazing'ono za mikango, adapha aliyense mosasankha. Kapsky, monga wocheperako, adagwa mzaka zochepa chabe.
Kulumikizana kamba wamkulu
Omaliza anamwalira mu 1840. Zikuwonekeratu kuti nyama sinapulumuke chithunzi. Buku lakuda lakuda akufotokoza kuti kamba wamkuluyo anali kudera la Reunion. Ndi chilumba m'nyanja ya Indian.
Zinyama zochedwa kuposa mita imodzi sizimawopa anthu. Kwa nthawi yayitali iwo sanali pachilumbachi. Reunion itakhazikika, adayamba kupha akambawo, akudya nyama yawo komanso kudyetsa ziweto, monga nkhumba.
Kyoea
Mbalameyi inatha mu 1859. Mitunduyi inali yochepa ngakhale azungu asanapeze Hawaii, komwe imakhalako. Anthu achilengedwe azilumbazi sanadziwe zakomwe kuli kioea. Anthu aku Europe omwe adafika adapeza mbalameyo.
Pozindikira kuti zilumbazo zilipo khumi ndi awiri kuzilumbazi, okhalamo sanathe kupulumutsa mitunduyo mpaka pano sakudziwa chifukwa chomwe anasowa.
Chiyambire zaka za zana la 16, mbalame ya dodo, ulendo, mbalame zotumphuka ku Mauritius, gwape wofiira, ndi mvuu ya ku Madagascar pygmy zatha. Asayansi akuti mitundu 27,000 imasowa chaka chilichonse m'malo otentha okha. Mwachiwonekere, m'zaka mazana apitawo, chiwonongeko cha kutayika chinali chochepa.
Kwa zaka mazana asanu apitawa, mayina 830 azamoyo asoweka. Mukachulukitsa 27,000 ndi 500, mumalandira zoposa 13 miliyoni. Palibe Bukhu lakuda lomwe lingakhale lokwanira pano. Pakadali pano, mtunduwu uli ndi mitundu yonse yazinthu zomwe zatha, zosinthidwa, monga Voliyumu Yofiyira, zaka khumi zilizonse.
