Zinyama zaku Africa zili ndi ziweto zambiri. Ambiri a iwo akhala nthano. Mwachitsanzo, njoka yakuda mamba. Dzinali silimatchulidwapo mokweza ndi anthu amderalo.
Amayesetsa kutchula cholengedwa choopsa ichi pafupipafupi. Amati adalankhula dzina lake mokweza wakuda Mamba angatenge ngati pempho loti mukachezere amene wanena.
Mlendo wosayembekezereka amatha kuwonekera mwadzidzidzi, kubweretsa mavuto ambiri naye komanso kutha mwadzidzidzi. Chifukwa chake, anthu aku Africa amamuopa kwambiri. Mwanjira ina, amatchedwanso "yemwe amatha kupha."
Nthawi zina amamutcha kuti imfa yakuda, kubwezera chipongwe. Mantha ndi mantha zalimbikitsa anthu kuti cholengedwa ichi chilidi ndi luso labwino. Kuopa kwa mamba wakuda kulibe malire.
Ngakhale chithunzi cha mamba wakuda zitha kupangitsa ambiri kukhala amantha. Ndipo mantha awa ali oyenera kwathunthu ndi zifukwa za asayansi ambiri. Mamba Black - si kokha njoka yapoizoni, komanso cholengedwa chankhanza modabwitsa, chomwe chilinso chachikulu kukula kwake.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Makulidwe wamkulu mamba wakuda itha kukhala mpaka 3 mita kutalika. Panali milandu pomwe oimira ake amapezeka mwachilengedwe komanso wokulirapo. Amapatsa mantha ndi mtundu wake. Thupi la njokayo lili ndi utoto wakuda pamwamba ndi imvi pansi.
Pakamwa pakamwa pa njokayo pamawopsyeza mboni zowona ndi maso. Ndikofunika kukhala pazinthu za mano ake. Kuphatikiza pa kuti amapatsidwa zilonda zamatenda apadera, mayini amatha kuyenda bwino ndipo amatha kupindika.
Kwa cholengedwa chowopsa ichi, ndikofunikira kukhala pamalo amodzi nthawi yayitali. Mamba wakuda amakhala m'malo okhalitsa pansi pa mapiri kapena zitsa, m'mapako kapena mulu la chiswe. Njokayo imadzitchinjiriza mosamala mosamala kwambiri, ngati Cerberus.
Pakusaka, amasankha nthawi iliyonse masana, chifukwa chake pamakhala ngozi yayikulu yokumana naye masana komanso usiku. Mamba akudawa amatha kufika pafupifupi 20 km / h, zomwe sizimapatsa mpata wobisala.
Mamba imasiyana ndi njoka zina chifukwa imatha kuluma nyama yake kawiri. Akangoluma koyamba, amabisala pogona ndipo amadikirira kuti munthuyo afere pamsana ndi poyizoni.
Ngati wovulalayo atakhala wamoyo, mamba imazembereranso ndikupanga "kuwombera" ndi poyizoni wake, ndipo njokayo imamulowetsa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.
Njoka zimaluma wina ndi mnzake ngati kuli kofunika kudziteteza. Chifukwa chake, aliyense amene kamodzi adakumana ndi chilombo chankhanza ichi ndikukhalabe wamoyo ali mgulu laopambana kwambiri.
Mboni zikuwona kuti mamba yakuda siyiyang'ana mmwamba ndipo siziwopseza owazunza powopa kuti ibwerera pambuyo pochenjeza. M'pofunikanso kumukhudza osatinso chilichonse, ndipo palibe amene adzapulumutse wolakwayo.
Mamba amathamangira mdani yemwe angathenso kuthamanga kwambiri ngati mphezi, akumaluma mano ake mthupi ndikubayira poizoni. Ali ndi poyizoni wokwanira. Mamba imodzi yakuda imatha kupha njovu yathunthu, ng'ombe zamphongo zingapo kapena akavalo ndi poizoni wake.
Poizoni omwe ali mmenemo amafooketsa dongosolo lamanjenje, ndikupangitsa kumangidwa kwamtima ndi kutha kwa mapapo. Zonsezi zimabweretsa imfa yopweteka.
Njoka iyi ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa anthu. Amanena nthano zambiri zomwe zimafotokozedwa pazochitika zenizeni.
Chofunika cha ma mamba akuda ndikuti kutayika kwa theka lawo lina kumasandutsa njoka izi kukhala zolengedwa zowopsa kwambiri. Kuphedwa kwa theka lina la wolakwayo kumathera pakufa kamodzi kowawa komanso kowawa.
Kwa munthu aliyense waku Africa, chowonadi chidadziwika kale - popha mamba imodzi yakuda pafupi ndi nyumba yake, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi yomweyo mutenge ndi kukokera kutali ndi malowa komanso mwachangu momwe mungathere. Chifukwa sipazatenga nthawi yayitali kuti njokayo ipeze awiri omwe akusowapo, iyambe kuifufuza, ndikupeza mtembo wake pafupi ndi nyumbayo uyamba kubwezera onse omwe amakhala mmenemo.
Zomwe amakhulupirira izi zikuchitika pambuyo pa chochitika chowopsa m'mudzi wina ku Ethiopia. Mmodzi wamwamuna anali pachiwopsezo cholumidwa ndi mamba yakuda yakuda.
Kuti adzipulumutse, adatenga fosholo ndikudula njokayo kamodzi. Pambuyo pake, adamubweretsa kunyumba kwake, ndikumuyika mnyumba, motero amayesa kuseketsa mkazi wake. Nthabwala iyi idatha kumapeto kwa aliyense.
Zonsezi zidachitika pamasewera olimbana ndi njoka. Mwatsoka lalikulu, wamwamuna anali pafupi kwambiri, ndikukwawa kufunafuna wamkazi. Ma pheromones omwe adagwidwa kale aakazi omwe adaphedwa kale adabweretsa abambo kunyumba, komwe adaluma mkazi wa nthabwala yosachita bwino, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti afe mopweteka kwambiri.
Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti munthawi iyi komanso munthawi zambiri zofananira munthu akhoza kupulumutsidwa ndi seramu yopangidwa mwapadera, koma nthawi zambiri anthu omwe alumidwa ndi mamba yakuda samafika kuchipatala, alibe nthawi yokwanira. Nthawi zambiri, mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwa mkati mwa maola 4 ndipo munthuyo amakhala ndi moyo. Ngati kulumako kumagwa pankhope, imfayo imachitika nthawi yomweyo.
Izi zimabweretsa kuti m'malo okhala njoka yolusa iyi, mazana a anthu amafa chaka chilichonse. Black mamba kuluma limodzi ndi jekeseni wa 354 mg wa mankhwala owopsa. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti 15 mg ya mankhwala owopsa otere amatha kupha munthu wamkulu.
Cholengedwa chokhacho chomwe sichiwopa mamba yakuda ndi mongoose; kuluma kwake sikuyambitsa chiwopsezo ku nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, mongoose nthawi zambiri amachita ndi gulu lozunza.
Mamba wakuda amakhala m'mayiko okhala ndi nyengo yotentha. Pali zokwawa zambiri zokwawa ku kontrakitala wa Africa, makamaka m'mbali mwa Mtsinje wa Congo. Njokayo sakonda nkhalango zowirira komanso zowirira.
Amakhala mosangalala m'nkhalango komanso m'tchire. Madera akulu akumayiko otukuka amakakamiza njokayo kukhala pafupi ndi anthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zoopsa zizikhala zoopsa.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Chikhalidwe cha njoka iyi sichingatchulidwe bata. Cholengedwa chankhanza ichi chitha kuukira munthu wosalakwa chifukwa chongodutsa ndipo zimawoneka ngati kuti ali pachiwopsezo. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kupewa malo omwe ma mamba akuda amasonkhana. Ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira kupezeka m'malo amenewo, mankhwala oyenera ayenera kupezeka nthawi zonse.
Nthawi zambiri, amasaka masana. Amaluma munthu amene wamukwatirayo pomubisalira mpaka atapuma. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha komanso kuwonda kwa thupi, mamba imakonza ziweto zobisika m'nkhalango zowirira.
Maganizo amasiyana pankhani yokhudza njoka zomwe zimapha anthu. Za ndemanga za mamba wakuda zikutsatira kuti samaukira anthu poyamba. Koma, ngati, pozindikira kuwopsa komwe kumachokera mwa munthu, adatsegula pakamwa pake wakuda, kuyambira pa mkokomo, ndizovuta kuthawa.
Kusuntha pang'ono kwa munthu kumatha kumukhumudwitsa. Misonkhano wamba, yopanda chidwi ndi munthu, yomwe imachitika kawirikawiri, njokayo imangoyesera kutembenuka ndikubisala. Njoka yosokonezeka imakwiya ndi kubwezera.
Nyanga isanakwane, mamba imakonda kukhala yokha. Ikafika nthawi yoti akhale ndi ana, akazi ndi abambo amapeza magawo awo ndi okwatirana.
Zakudya zabwino
Kuyenda bwino mumlengalenga nthawi iliyonse masana, sizovuta kuti mamba ipeze chakudya. Njoka yakuda yakuda imadyetsa zolengedwa zamagazi ofunda - mbewa, agologolo, mbalame.
Nthawi zina, nthawi yosaka nyama, zokwawa zimathanso kuchitapo kanthu, zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri. Pambuyo polumidwa ndi wovulalayo, njokayo imadikirira kuti imwalira pambali kwakanthawi. Ichi ndiye chiyambi cha kusaka kwake.
Kuluma wovulalayo kawiri ngati kuli kofunikira. Imatha kugwira nyama yake kwa nthawi yayitali. Simalowa mtulo ukatha kudya, monga zimachitikira ndi nsato.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kukumana kwa njoka zakuda za mamba wakuda kumachitika nthawi yokomana. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala kumapeto kwa kasupe, koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Kuti akhale ndi ichi kapena chachikazi, amuna amayenera kupikisana nawo ufuluwu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, sagwiritsa ntchito poyizoni wawo, koma amapatsa wotsutsana naye mpata woti achoke. Kodi nkhondo ya amuna yazimuna imachitika bwanji? Amapangidwa kukhala mipira, pomwe amatambasula mitu yawo ndikuyamba kumenyanirana nayo.
Wopambana ndiye amene, ndithudi, ali wamphamvu. Amakwatiranso wamkazi, kumuthira feteleza. Pambuyo pake, mkaziyo amapeza malo obisika ndipo amakhala pamenepo mazira pafupifupi 17, pomwe patatha masiku 30, njoka zazing'ono zimawonekera, mpaka kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 60.
Onsewa ali kale ndi poyizoni m'matumbo mwake, ndipo ali okonzeka kuyamba kusaka atangobadwa. Kwa chaka chimodzi, makanda amakula mpaka 2 mita kutalika, amatha kusaka agologolo ndi ma jerboas iwowo. Mayi poyamba satenga nawo mbali pamoyo wa ana awo akabadwa. Mamba akuda amakhala zaka pafupifupi 10.
