Dziko la Turkey lili ku Western Asia ndi ku Balkan. Gawo la ku Europe limapanga pafupifupi 3% yamderali, 97% yotsala ndi Caucasus ndi Middle East. Turkey ili pamalire a Europe ndi Asia ndipo ndiyofanana pakati pa equator ndi North Pole.
Turkey ndi dziko lamapiri. Gawo lalikulu la gawo lake ndi Asia Minor Highlands. Dziko la Turkey lili pafupifupi 1000 m pamwamba pamadzi. Pamwamba pa phiri la Big Ararat limafika mamita 5165. Palibe madera omwe ali pansi pamadzi mdziko muno. Pali madera ochepa omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mkamwa mwa mitsinje.
Nyanja ya Mediterranean, Black Sea komanso kuchuluka kwa mapiri kumakhudza nyengo. Pakatikati, ndi kontinenti, ndikuwonetseredwa kwamapiri: kusiyana kwakukulu pakatentha kwamasiku ndi nyengo.
Madera akum'mbali mwa Nyanja Yakuda amakhala ndi nyengo yabwino yam'madzi yokhala ndi mvula yambiri. Pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean, pansi pa mapiri, mapiri otentha amatentha. Kusiyanasiyana kwa nyengo ndi mawonekedwe adadzetsa zinyama za polymorphic.
Zinyama Zaku Turkey
Turkey ili ndi mitundu 160 ya nkhalango, steppe ndi semi-chipululu. Izi ndizoimira nkhalango zotetezedwa ku Ulaya, madera a ku Asia ndi mapiri, zipululu za ku Africa. Ena mwa iwo ndi cosmopolitans - mitundu yofala m'maiko ambiri. Koma pali nyama zingapo zomwe kwawo ndi Transcaucasia ndi East Asia zigawo, ndiye Turkey.
Nkhandwe wamba
Mimbulu ndi nyama zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimadya nyama zambiri m'banja lalikulu la Canidae. Mimbulu zaku Turkey zimalemera makilogalamu 40. Akazi ndi opepuka 10% kuposa amuna. Mimbulu ndi nyama zokonda kucheza zomwe zimayenda bwino pagulu. Izi ndizopambana kwambiri nyama zowopsa ku Turkey... Amakhalapo m'malo osiyanasiyana achilengedwe. Amapezeka m'mapiri a Central Anatolia komanso m'nkhalango zamapiri a Pontine.
Nkhandwe ya ku Caucasus imapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Turkey. Kunja, ma subspecies amasiyana pang'ono ndi achibale wamba, imvi. Kulemera ndi kukula kwake ndizofanana, malayawo ndi osasangalatsa komanso owuma. Itha kukhala kumalo okwera mpaka 3.5 zikwi.
Mimbulu ya Asiatic
Nyama imeneyi imatchedwa nkhandwe yagolide. Nkhandwe ndi ya banja limodzi ndi nkhandwe - Canidae. Ku Turkey, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Canis aureus maeoticus imafalikira kwambiri. Nkhandwe imakhala yopepuka kangapo kuposa nkhandwe: kulemera kwake sikupitilira 10 kg.
Ikamauma, kukula kwa nyama kumakhala pansi pa mita 0.5. Chifukwa cha miyendo yayitali, imawoneka ngati yolusa, yothamanga kwambiri. Chovalacho ndi chotuwa ndi kuwonjezera kwa mithunzi yachikaso, safironi, mitundu ya fodya.
Nkhandwe ndi nyama yodziwika kumwera kwa Europe, Balkan, Western ndi Central Asia. Amasintha msanga malo okhala, amasamuka mosavuta kufunafuna malo abwino odyetsera.
Imakonda zigawo za steppe ndi minda yamabango m'mitsinje yamadzi, nthawi zina imakwera mapiri, koma osapitilira 2.5 zikwi mita. Amasinthira malo owoneka bwino, amayendera malo otayidwa pansi pafupi ndi mizinda. Zing'onozing'ono ziweto Turkey ndi zomwe zimasaka nkhandwe.
Nkhandwe wamba
Mtundu wa nkhandwe umaphatikizapo mitundu 11. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri imapezeka ku Turkey konse, kupatula malo okwera - ndi nkhandwe zofiira kapena nkhandwe zofiira, dzina lamadzi: Vulpes vulpes. Kulemera kwake kumafika makilogalamu 10, kutalika kwake kumatha kutambasula 1 mita.
Mtundu wachizolowezi umakhala wofiira kumbuyo, kuwala, pafupifupi koyera, gawo lamkati ndi mawonekedwe amdima. M'mapiri akumpoto kwa Turkey, mumapezeka nyama zofiirira zakuda komanso ankhandwe osangalala.
Ng'ombe
Kwa nthawi yayitali, chilombochi chinkatengedwa ngati mtundu wa mphaka. Tsopano amapanga mtundu wina wa Caracal caracal. Dzina la mtunduwo linachokera ku liwu lachi Turkic "kara-kylak" - khutu lakuda. Caracal ndi mphaka wamkulu, amatha kulemera makilogalamu 10-15, zitsanzo zina zimafikira makilogalamu 20. Ubweya wa nyamawo ndi wandiweyani, osati wautali, utoto wamiyala yamchenga, yachikaso-bulauni.
Amagawidwa ku Asia Minor ndi Central Asia, ku Arabia komanso ku Africa. Ku Turkey, amapezeka m'mapiri ndi zipululu za m'chigawo cha Central Anatolian. Imasaka makoswe usiku: ma gerbils, ma jerboas, gophers osweka. Titha kuwononga nkhuku, kulanda ana ankhosa ndi mbuzi.
Mphaka wamtchire
Wodya nyamayi amatchedwa swamp lynx. Amakonda zitsamba za tchire ndi mabango m'mitsinje ya mitsinje, magombe otsika a nyanja ndi nyanja. Wamng'ono kuposa mphaka iliyonse, koma wamkulu kuposa mphaka woweta. Amalemera pafupifupi 10-12 kg. Imakula mpaka 0.6 m.
Ku Turkey, imapezeka m'mitsinje ya Firate, Kura, Araks, m'chigwa chotsika cha gombe la Black Sea. Kuchokera m'nkhalango zamatchire ndi mabango, pofunafuna nyama, nthawi zambiri imapita kumadera oyandikana ndi nkhalango, koma kumapiri, sikukwera pamwamba pa 800 m.
Kambuku
Zodyera nyama za ku Turkey onaninso mitundu yosawerengeka kwambiri - kambuku wa ku Caucasus kapena kambuku wa ku Asiya. Nyama yayikulu kwambiri m'malo awa: kutalika pakufota kumafika masentimita 75, kulemera kwake kuli pafupifupi 70 kg. Zimapezeka kum'mawa kwa Armenia Highlands kumalire ndi Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia. Chiweto cha akambuku aku Caucasus ku Turkey ndichimagawo chimodzi.
Mongo wa ku Aigupto
Nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Turkey mdera la Sanliurfa, Mardin ndi Sirnak. Mungapezeke m'maiko ena akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Anatolia. Nyama iyi ndi ya banja la mongoose, ndi wachibale wakutali wa mphalapala.
Mongoose ndi nyama yomwe imadyetsa makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi nyama zopanda mafupa. Ndinazolowera kukhala kudera lamapiri, koma ndimatha kukhala m'nkhalango. Osachita mantha ndi mawonekedwe anthropomorphic.
Cunyi
Mustelidae kapena Mustelidae ndi banja la nyama zowononga nyama zomwe zasintha moyo wawo wonse, kupatula madera akummwera. Ku Turkey, kutukuka kwa ma mustelids, pali malo oyenera komanso chakudya: makoswe, zokwawa zazing'ono, tizilombo. Zofala kwambiri kuposa ena:
- Mbalameyi ndi nyama yodya nyama yokongola kwambiri yomwe imathera moyo wawo wonse m'madzi. Thupi lalitali la otter limatha kufikira 1 mita, misa imafika 9-10 kg. Kwa moyo wonse, otter amasankha mitsinje yamnkhalango, koma amatha kusaka ndi kuswana pafupi ndi magombe a nyanja ndi nyanja.
- Stone marten - kulemera kwa chilombochi sikupitilira 2 kg, kutalika kwa thupi ndi 50 cm, mchira sikupitilira masentimita 30. Marten yekhayo amene ali wokonzeka kukhala pafupi ndi anthu.
- Marten - amakonda nkhalango zowirira. Ku Turkey, mulingo wake umathera kumalire akutali a nkhalango za coniferous. Mosiyana ndi miyala yamwala, imachoka pamalo pomwe munthu amawonekera ndikuchita zachuma.
- Ermine ndi chilombo chaching'ono cholemera magalamu 80 mpaka 250. Imasaka m'malo otsetsereka, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, ma glade, m'zigwa zamitsinje ndi mitsinje.
- Weasel ndiye woimira wocheperako wa weasel. Kulemera kwazimayi kumafikira 100 g. Nthawi yawo yamoyo imangodutsa zaka zitatu. Kuwonekera kwa njuchi zazing'ono kumatsimikizira kuwonongedwa kwa mbewa m'deralo.
- Bandejiyu ndi nyama yolusa yolemera magalamu 400 mpaka 700. Imakhala m'mapiri ndi m'chipululu cha Black Sea ndi zigawo za Central Anatolian. Gawo lakumbuyo kwa thupi limakhala lofiirira, lofiirira ndi mawanga achikasu ndi mikwingwirima. Chovalacho chimavekedwa chakuda. Mavalidwe ali ndi thunzi yakuda ndi yoyera komanso makutu akulu kwambiri a weasel.
Nkhumba zabwino
Wotchuka kwambiri mwa agwape, omwe amatha kudzitama Nyama zakutchire Ndi gwape wofiira kapena nswala yofiira. Amakhala ku Turkey konse, kupatula zigawo zoyandikana ndi gombe la Mediterranean.
Pali chisokonezo pakati pa akatswiri azamoyo ndi kutchula dzina la mbawala. Mitundu yomwe imakhala ku Turkey imatchedwa mosiyana: Caspian, deer waku Caucasus, maral, kapena deer wofiira. Dzinalo lake ndi Cervus elaphus maral.
Doe
Gwape agalu ndi artiodactyl yokongola, ya banja la nswala. Agwape ang'onoang'ono kuposa agwape: kutalika kwa kufota kwa amuna sikupitilira mita imodzi, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 100 kg. Amayi ndi 10-15% opepuka komanso ocheperako kuposa amuna. Mofanana ndi mbawala zonse, agwape ndiwo amadyetsa ndipo chakudya chawo chimachokera ku udzu ndi masamba.
Roe
Kanyama kakang'ono kokhala ndi ziboda, ndi kantchito yabanja la agwape. Pakufota, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 0.7 m. Kulemera kwake sikupitilira 32 kg. Roe deer amakhala kulikonse komwe zinyama zimatha kudyetsa.
Ku Western Asia, kudera lamakono la Turkey, mbawala zamphongo zinapezeka mu nthawi ya Pliocene, zaka 2.5 miliyoni zapitazo. Zakudya zolimbitsa thupi komanso malo omwe amakonda ndizofanana ndi agwape onse.
Nyama zam'madzi
Ma dolphin amapezeka m'nyanja zozungulira Turkey. Zinyama izi zili ndi mikhalidwe ingapo yapadera: ubongo wopita patsogolo, kuchuluka kwa mayanjano, makina opangira ma sign, komanso mawonekedwe apadera a hydrodynamic. Kuchokera pagombe la Turkey, mitundu itatu imapezeka nthawi zambiri:
- Dolphin imvi ndi nyama kutalika kwa mamita 3-4 ndipo imalemera 500 kg. Amawonekera pagombe la Mediterranean ku Turkey.
- Dolphin wamba kapena dolphin wamba. Kutalika sikupitilira mamitala 2.5. Kulemera kwake, poyerekeza ndi dolphin imvi, ndikochepa - pafupifupi 60-80 kg.
- Bottlenose dolphin ndi nyama yam'madzi mpaka 3 m kutalika, mpaka 300 kg. Amapezeka munyanja zonse zapadziko lapansi, kuphatikiza Nyanja Yakuda ndi Mediterranean.
Mileme ndi mileme
Nyamazi zili ndi mawonekedwe atatu: ndi nyama zokha zomwe zimatha kuyendetsa ndege nthawi yayitali, zimatha kuphunzira bwino, ndipo zimatha kusintha zina ndi zina. Izi zidalola zolengedwa zodabwitsa kuti zizilamulira dziko lonse lapansi kupatula madera akumwera. Mileme nyama zomwe zimakhala ku Turkey, a mabanja:
- mileme yazipatso,
- mileme yamahatchi,
- zoyeserera,
- kudya nsomba,
- chikopa kapena mphuno yosalala.
Mabanja awa amagwirizanitsa mitundu 1200 ya mileme, odyetsa zamasamba, omnivores ndi nyama zodya nyama.
Zokwawa za ku Turkey
Mitundu yoposa 130 ya zokwawa, zokwawa komanso zosambira zimakhala ku Turkey. Mawonekedwe a dzikolo amakonda kutukuka kwa abuluzi ndi njoka, mwa mitundu 12 yomwe ndi zokwawa zapoizoni. Akamba amaimiridwa ndi mitundu ya nthaka ndi madzi oyera, koma zokwawa za m'madzi ndizosangalatsa.
Kamba wachikopa
Iyi ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya akamba omwe alipo. Kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kufika 2.5 mita. Kulemera - 600 kg. Mtundu uwu umasiyana ndi akamba ena am'nyanja momwe zimapangidwira. Chigoba chake sichiphatikizidwa ndi mafupa, koma chimakhala ndi mbale ndipo chimakutidwa ndi khungu lolimba. Akamba achamba obwerera Leatherback amapita ku Mediterranean, koma kulibe malo okhala zisa m'mphepete mwa nyanja yaku Turkey.
Loggerhead kapena kamba wamkulu wamutu
Chokwawa nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa Caretta kapena Caretta caretta. Ichi ndi kamba wamkulu, kulemera kwake kumatha kufika makilogalamu 200, kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi mita 1. Gawo lakumbuyo kwa chipolopolocho limakhala lofanana ndi mtima. Kamba ndi chilombo. Amadyetsa molluscs, jellyfish, nsomba. Loggerhead imayikira mazira pagombe zambiri pagombe la Turkey Mediterranean.
Kamba wam'madzi wobiriwira
Chokwawa chimalemera masekeli 70-200. Koma pali omwe ali ndi mbiri yakale omwe afika pakulemera makilogalamu 500 ndi kutalika kwa mamita 2. Kamba ali ndi chodziwika bwino - nyama yake ili ndi kukoma kwabwino.
Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina amatchedwa kamba msuzi. Pa magombe a Turkey pali magombe angapo pomwe pali kamba wobiriwira: m'chigawo cha Mersin, m'chigwa cha Akiatan, pagombe pafupi ndi mzinda wa Samandag.
Mbalame za ku Turkey
Dziko la mbalame ku Turkey limaphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi 500 ya mbalame. Pafupifupi theka la zisa zawo mdziko muno, enawo ndi mitundu yosamuka. Kwenikweni, izi ndizofala, zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zambiri, mbalame zaku Asia, Europe ndi Africa, koma pali mitundu yosawerengeka kwambiri, yomwe ili pangozi.
Steppe mphungu
Mbalameyi ndi gawo la banja la nkhamba. Mapiko a chilombochi amakhala ndi mamita 2.3. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo makoswe, hares, agologolo agulu, mbalame. Chiwombankhanga sichinyoza zakufa. Zisa zimamangidwa pansi, tchire ndi kutalika kwa miyala. Kuikira mazira 1-2. Nthawi yosakaniza imatenga masiku 60. Chiwombankhanga kapena steppe, kapena Aquila nipalensis ndiye mzere wakutha kwa mitundu.
Mbalame
Vulture amachokera kubanja la nkhandwe. Silipitilira kutalika kwa 0,7 m ndi 2 kg ya kulemera, chomwe ndi chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri cha bala. Chakudya cham'mimba ndi chakudya, koma nthawi zina mbalame zimasinthasintha zakudya zake ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Mbalame zazikulu zasintha nthenga zoyera ndi nthenga zakuda m'mphepete mwa mapiko. Mbalame zimakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, m'nyengo yokwatira zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri.
Nkhalango zakutchire
Ndi amtundu wa mbewa zazimbalangondo. Mapikowo amatseguka mpaka mamita 1.2-1.3. Kulemera kwake kumafika makilogalamu 1.4. Mbalameyi imadyetsa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, tating'onoting'ono tating'ono ndi zokwawa. Pofuna kukonza zisa, mbalame zimasonkhana m'magulu. Forest ibises ali Nyama zaku Turkey, zikujambulidwa zofala kwambiri kuposa m'moyo.
Wopanda
Anthu wamba okhala m'mapiri ndi m'zipululu. Zimapezeka m'malo olima, malo odyetserako ziweto, malo olimapo. Mbalameyi ndi yayikulu, amuna amatha kulemera makilogalamu opitilira 10. Amakonda kuyenda paulendo wapaulendo.
Amamanga zisa pansi, amaikira mazira 1-3. Mbalameyi ndi yopatsa chidwi: kuwonjezera pa tizilombo, imakoka mphukira zobiriwira, mbewu, zipatso. M'zaka za zana la XX, kuchuluka kwa ma bustard kunachepa kwambiri ndipo mbalameyo idatembenuka kuchoka pachinthu chosaka ndikukhala chitetezo.
Wopindika pang'ono
Mbalame yaying'ono yochokera kubanja lozemba. Mbalame yokhala ndi mawonekedwe: miyendo yayitali yopepuka ndi mlomo wautali, wopindika. Kutalika kwa thupi sikufikira 0.4 m. Kukhalapo, imasankha madambo onyowa m'mapiri amadzi osefukira.
Ku Turkey, kulibe zisa zokha, komanso mitundu yosamukira. Zonsezi ndizosowa kwambiri ndipo zatsala pang'ono kutha. Nyama zopanda nyumba ku Turkey zimawopseza mitundu yonse ya mbalame zisa pansi, kuphatikizapo zopindika.
Ziweto zoweta komanso zoweta
Nyama zomwe zimasungidwa ndi alimi komanso anthu okhala m'matawuni ndizofala kwambiri. Awa ndi akavalo, ng'ombe, nkhosa, mbuzi, nkhuku, amphaka ndi agalu. Wokaona aliyense amene wapereka kuitanitsa nyama ku Turkey, ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti zomwe amakonda azikumana ndi abale omwe anyalanyazidwa. Koma pali mitundu ndi mitundu yomwe ili yamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndipo siyokhala pokhala.
Kangal
Galu olondera, yemwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Galu wa Mbusa wa Anatolian. Galu ali ndi mutu wawukulu, zida zamphamvu za nsagwada, komanso chigoba chakuda pamaso. Kutalika kwa kufota kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 80, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 60 kg. Kuphatikiza mphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito othamanga. Pogwira ntchito zoweta, amatha kulimbana ndi nkhandwe, kugwira ndi kuphwanya nkhandwe.
Anthu aku Turks amayang'anira kuteteza kuyera kwa chibadwa cha nyama zoweta ndi zoweta. Kuphatikiza apo, malo opitilira khumi ndi awiri aku Turkey akuyang'ana kwambiri kuteteza zachilengedwe zosawonongeka. Malo osungidwa ndi zovuta zochepa zachitukuko zimapereka chiyembekezo kuti nyama zambiri siziwopsezedwa kuti zitha.
