Mbalame sizivutika, koma anthu amatha kukhala opanda kuwala. Mbalamezi zimatchedwa chifukwa chachikulu chazovuta pakugwira ntchito m'malo. Malingaliro a akatswiri pafupifupi 90% amabizinesi amakampani aku US adaganiziridwa.
Kafukufukuyu adachitidwa ndi IEEE. Chifukwa chake ku America Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering amatchedwa. Kafukufuku wofananako adachitika ku Russia, makamaka, ndi asayansi ochokera ku Moscow State University. Zonunkhira zapakhomo zimawunikiranso ma kilomita 10 azingwe zamagetsi m'boma la Taldomsky m'chigawo cha Moscow.
Mapeto a asayansi: - mbalame zazikuluzikulu zokhala ndi zingwe zomwe zimanyamuka munthawi yomweyo zimayambitsa kusokonekera kwa mizere, kugundana kwawo, chifukwa chake, kulakwitsa zolakwika. Mbalame, komabe, nthawi zambiri sizivutika. Chifukwa chiyani?
Malamulo a fizikiya ndi mbalame pama waya
Kuti mumvetsetse "kusalangidwa" kwa mbalame pama waya, muyenera kukumbukira lamulo la Ohm:
- Gawo lake loyamba limati: - Zomwe zili mu conductor ndizofanana molingana ndi magetsi kumapeto kwake. Ndiye kuti, chizindikirocho chimadalira kusiyana komwe kungachitike. Pokhala pa chingwe, mbalame imatseka iyo, titero, ndiye kuti imagwirizanitsa mfundo zamagetsi. Awa ndi mfundo zokumata ndi ma paws. Nthengayo imatenga waya ndi miyendo yonse iwiri, kuwonjezera apo, patali pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, kusiyana komwe kungakhaleko ndikocheperako. Pano chifukwa chake mbalame sizimazidwa ndi magetsi pamawaya.
- Gawo lachiwiri la lamulo la Ohm likuti: - mphamvu yomwe ilipo pakali pano ndiyofanana ndi kukana kwa wochititsa. Mndandanda pakati pazitsulo ndiwokwera. Koma kulimbikira pakati pa waya ndi mbalame ndikuchepa. Kuyenda kwa ma elekitironi kumadutsa mthupi la mbalameyo, kumathamangira patsogolo pa unyolo. Palibe kusiyana kwamagetsi pakati pa chingwe ndi mbalame, popeza nyama imangogwira pa waya umodzi osakhudza pansi. Panopa palibe poti apite koma kwa mbalame ija.
Pokhala pamizere yamagetsi, nyama siogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, koma kondakitala, yemwe amakhala ndi chiwongola dzanja chokhazikika. Chifukwa chake palibe kuti pali kusiyana kwamagetsi pakati pa mbalame ndi chingwe.
Ndi nthawi ziti pomwe mbalame zamagetsi zimatha kugwidwa ndi magetsi?
Chifukwa chiyani mbalame sizimazidwa magetsi ndi mawaya, akamenya, - ena amafunsa yankho kwa iwo omwe amadabwa ndikulimbana kwa mbalame mpaka pano. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo ochokera ku Moscow State University, pofufuza zingwe zamagetsi m'boma la Taldomsky m'chigawo cha Moscow, adapeza nyama zakufa 150 pamakilomita 10 omwe adafunsidwa pamizere. Adafa bwanji ngati sanapange kusiyana kwamagetsi ndi magetsi ndi mawaya?
Mayankho ali mchilamulo chomwecho cha Ohm ndi malamulo ena a sayansi. Kotero:
- Mtunda pakati pa zikhomo za mbalame ikukhala pachingwe ndi wocheperapo ngati ili mpheta, koma mbalame zazikulu zimayikapo miyendo ndi matupi awo, potero zimakulitsa kusiyana komwe kungakhalepo
- mbalame imatenga mphamvu ya chingwe chomwe ikukhalapo, ndipo imatha kufa, kumenya waya woyandikana ndi magetsi ena, zomwe zimatheka mukamazungulira ndi mphepo, kuyandikira kwa mizere
- mbalame zimawononga mizati yamitengo yamagetsi ndi zitosi, zomwe zimabweretsa kutuluka kwa mafunde ndi moto wamitengo, pomwe nthawi zina mbalame zimakhazikitsa zisa
- pali chiopsezo chatsika nyama pa gawo la waya komwe kutchinjiriza kwawonongeka
Poganizira za kuwopsa kwa moyo wa mbalame komanso zovuta zomwe zingachitike pamizere chifukwa chakulakwitsa kwawo, asayansi abwera ndi ziwembu zowopseza nyama kutali ndi zingwe zamagetsi. Chothandiza kwambiri ndikukhazikitsa waya wochepetsera mkati mwa chitsulo chachitsulo chamagetsi.
Chingwecho chimaphatikizidwa kutali ndi gulu lotchedwa chithandizo. Pali magetsi oyendetsa mu waya. Zimayang'ana mbalame, osati zakupha, koma zosasangalatsa. Pozindikira izi, mbalamezo zimachotsedwa mu zingwe, zikuuluka.
Zomwe zimapangitsa mbalame kukhala pamawaya
Chibadwa chimakakamiza mbalame kukhala pamawaya, ngakhale zili pachiwopsezo:
- Mbalame zambiri zimamva ngati zili bwino mukamauluka. Chifukwa chake, nyama zimayesa kufunafuna mpumulo kapena kutsatira nyama yomwe ili paphiri.
- Ngati kukwera kokha m'malo ozungulira ndi mizere yamagetsi, amasankhidwa kuposa nthaka.
Zomwezi zimachitika pomanga zisa. Mbalame zambiri zimawakonzekeretsa msinkhu. Ngati kulibe kukwera kwina kupatula chingwe chothandizira magetsi, mbalame zimakhala pamenepo.
