Zimbalangondo ndi za canine, ndiye kuti, ndizogwirizana ndi nkhandwe, mimbulu, mimbulu. Mosiyana ndi izi, nsapato zazitali ndizolimba komanso zamphamvu. Monga nyama zina za canine, zimbalangondo ndizodya, koma nthawi zina zimadya zipatso, bowa ndi uchi.
Palinso ena achinyengo, osagwirizana ndi mayini komanso nyama zolusa. Dzinalo chimbalangondo chimaperekedwa kokha chifukwa cha mawonekedwe akunja kwa oimira enieni amtunduwo.
Zimbalangondo zenizeni
Dzina lachiwiri la zimbalangondo ndi plantigrade. Kukhala ndi miyendo yayitali, phazi lopondaponda limapondaponda. Zinyama zina za canine, monga lamulo, zimakhudza nthaka ndi gawo limodzi lokha la mapazi ake, ngati kuti zikuyenda pamiyendo. Umu ndi momwe nyama zimathamangira. Komano zimbalangondo sizingafikire kuthamanga kwa makilomita opitilira 50 pa ola limodzi.
Chimbalangondo chofiirira
Kuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu ya zimbalangondo ku Russia, ambiri ndi otchuka kwambiri m'dzikoli. Komabe, phazi lalitali kwambiri lidagwidwa kunja kwa Federation, pachilumba cha Kodiak ku America. Atachoka pamenepo adatenga nyama ija kupita nayo ku Berlin Zoo. Ndinagwira chimbalangondo cholemera makilogalamu 1134 pamlingo wa ma kilogalamu 150-500.
Amakhulupirira kuti chimbalangondo chofiirira chidabwera ku America zaka 40 miliyoni zapitazo kudzera mu Bering Isthmus. Nyama zinachokera ku Asia, oimira mitunduyo amapezekanso kumeneko.
Mapazi akulu kwambiri ku Russia amapezeka pachilumba cha Kamchatka. Zimphona zimakhala kumeneko zaka 20-30. Ali mu ukapolo, osamalira bwino, zimbalangondo zimakhala mpaka theka la zana.
Chimbalangondo chakumtunda
Malingana ndi malo ake, amatchedwa polar. Dzina lasayansi la mitunduyo m'Chilatini limamasuliridwa kuti "nyanja chimbalangondo". Nyama zolusa zimalumikizidwa ndi chisanu, kukula kwake kwa nyanja. M'madzi, zimbalangondo zakumtunda zimasaka, kugwira nsomba, zisindikizo.
Nyanja siyilepheretsa kusuntha kwa miyendo yolimba yopita kumapazi. Pamadzi, amayenda makilomita mazana ambiri, akugwira ntchito yakutsogolo, ngati zikepe. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala ngati chiwongolero. Potuluka pamafunde oundana, zimbalangondo sizimazembera chifukwa zili ndi mapazi olimba.
Nyamayo ndiye yayikulu kwambiri pakati pa nyama zolusa. Kutalika, chilombocho chimafika mamita atatu. Kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 700. Ndicholinga choti mawonedwe a chimbalangondo zozizwitsa. Mwachilengedwe, nyama ilibe mdani kupatula anthu.
Kuphunzira mitundu ya zimbalangondo, ndi polar yekha amene angapeze ubweya wopanda pake. Tsitsi lilibe kanthu mkati. Choyamba, chimapereka mpweya wowonjezera muubweya waubweya. Gasi ndiwotentha wokhazikika, samalola kuti achoke pakhungu la chilombo.
Chachiwiri, ming'alu ya zimbalangondo zakumtunda zimafunika kuwunikira. M'malo mwake, tsitsi la phazi lamiyendo ndilopanda mtundu. Tsitsi loyera limangowoneka, kulola kuti chilombocho chilumikizane ndi chisanu chozungulira.
Chimbalangondo cha Himalaya
Amatchedwanso chimbalangondo chakuda cha ku Asia. Amadziwika ndi makutu akulu, mawonekedwe okoma mwa mulingo wa phazi lamiyendo, ndi mphuno yayitali.
Malo okhala chimbalangondo cha Himalaya amayambira ku Iran kupita ku Japan. Chilombocho chimasankha madera akumapiri. Chifukwa chake dzina la mitunduyo. Ku Russia, nthumwi zake zimakhala kunja kwa Amur, monga ulamuliro, m'chigawo cha Ussuriysk.
Chimbalangondo chimatchedwa chakuda chifukwa cha utoto wakuda. Pamutu ndi m'khosi, ndizitali, zimapanga mtundu wa mane. Pachifuwa cha chilombo pali malo oyera. Komabe, pali subspecies za nyama popanda izo.
Kulemera kwakukulu kwa chimbalangondo cha Himalaya ndi makilogalamu 140. Nyamayo imatha kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka. Koma zikhadabo za nyama yolusa ndizolimba komanso zokulirapo kuposa za anthu abulauni ndi apolishi. Chifukwa chake ndichikhalidwe cha chimbalangondo chakuda. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mitengo. Zikhadabo zimathandiza kukwera pa izo.
Mgugu wa ku Asia si nyama yoopsa kwambiri. Pa chakudya cha nyama, chimbalangondo nthawi zambiri chimadya tizilombo tokha. Maziko azakudya ndi zitsamba, mizu, zipatso, acorn.
Baribi
Dzina lina ndi chimbalangondo chakuda. Amakhala ku North America, makamaka kum'mawa kwa kontrakitala. Maonekedwe a nyamayi ali pafupi ndi mawonekedwe a nsapato zofiirira. Komabe, mapewa a baribal ndiwodziwika kwambiri, makutu ndiopepuka ndipo, monga dzinalo limatanthauza, ubweya wakuda. Komabe, pankhope pake pamakhala mopepuka.
Baribal ndi wocheperako ndi chimbalangondo chofiirira, cholemera osapitilira 409 kilogalamu. Kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 140-200. Nthawi yamoyo ndiyotsikiranso kuposa Russian clubfoot. Nthawi zambiri osankhika samadutsa zaka 15. Komabe, chilengedwe chagona zaka 30. Njala ndi kusaka zimawalepheretsa kufikira. Osalala Amawombera mwakhama ku America. Nyama zina zimaphedwa ndi magalimoto. Achinyamata amazunzidwa ndi mikango yam'mapiri ndi mimbulu.
Anthu osakhala nyama amakonda kudya nyama yovunda. Nthawi zina zimbalangondo zakuda zimagwira tizilombo ndi nsomba. Komabe, gawo lalikulu la chakudyacho ndi zakudya zazomera.
Chimbalangondo chowoneka bwino
Chimbalangondo maonekedwe imasiyana nsagwada zamphamvu. Mano alinso amphamvu. Izi zimapangitsa nyama kutafuna khungwa ndi mtima wamtundu wanjedza wonga wa bramelia. Amakhala ovuta kuposa nyama zina. Mwanjira imeneyi, chimbalangondo chowonongekacho chinachepetsa mpikisano wazakudya.
Chilombo chozizwitsachi chimatchulidwa chifukwa cha mtundu wake. Ndi mdima, koma pamaso pali mabwalo owala omwe amayenda mozungulira maso, ngati chimango. Ubweya pafupi ndi mphuno ulinso beige.
Chimodzi mwa zimbalangondo zochititsa chidwi chili ndi nthiti 13 m'malo mwa nthiti 14. Kusiyana kwamatomoko kumeneku kumawonetsa kuyanjana ndi phazi lamiyendo yayifupi. Onse anafa. Chimbalangondo chochititsa chidwi ndi woimira womaliza wamtunduwu.
Oimira mitunduyo amakhala ku South America. Palibe zimbalangondo zina ku kontrakitala. Anthu owoneka bwino aphunzira kukwera nkhalango zazikulu, kutulutsa zipatso pamwamba pake. South American clubfoot imakondanso nzimbe ndi uchi, amangotenga tizilombo tina.
Anthu owoneka bwino nthawi zina amalembedwa mitundu ya zimbalangondo zofiirira... Komabe, baribal, grizzly, Malay ndi Himalayan clubfoot ali pafupi kwambiri ndi iwo. Kuwoloka ndikotheka pakati pawo kuti apeze ana oyenera. Pali kudzipatula pakati pobala pakati pa mitundu yowoneka bwino komanso yofiirira.
Chimbalangondo chachimalaya
Zina mwazinthu zazing'ono, ndizochepa kwambiri. Unyinji wa nyama sungapitirire makilogalamu 65. Kutalika, chinyama chimakhala chofanana ndi 1.5 mita. Komabe, kukula kwake kukunyenga. Malay Clubfoot ndiye chimbalangondo chankhanza kwambiri. Komabe, anthu ena saopa.
Zimbalangondo zachi Malay zimasungidwa m'mabwalo m'malo mwa agalu. Izi ndi zomwe anthu aku Asia amachita. Ndipamene zimbalangondo zazing'ono zimakhala moyo. Amakhala ngati Vietnam, India, China, Thailand, Indonesia ndi China.
Chimbalangondo chachi Malay chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa khungu lina pakhosi. Chivundikirocho ndichachikulu, cholimba, ngati njovu. Chifukwa chake nyama zamiyendo yamiyendo zimadziteteza ku ziweto za amphaka amtchire omwe amazigwira pamutu.
Chilombo chachi Malawi - chimbalangondo chosowa, olembedwa mu International Red Book. Kumeneko nyama imatchedwa biruang. Ili ndilo dzina lodziwika bwino la mitunduyo.
Gubach
Kunja, chimbalangondo chikuwoneka ngati chodyera nyama kapena ulesi, koma chibadwa ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi ake a chimbalangondo. Anthu ambiri amati nyamayo ndi yaulesi. Milomo ya chimbalangondo ikuwoneka kuti ikutumphukira kutsogolo, yopindika pang'ono. Mpira wamagulu waku Asia umakhalanso ndi lilime lalitali. Ndi iwo, nyama imafikira uchi m'ming'oma, chiswe ndi nyerere m'nyumba zawo.
Zimbalangondo zotchedwa sloth ndizofanana ndi chimbalangondo cha Himalaya. Malaya amdima omwewo, otambasula pamutu ndi m'khosi ndi malo oyera pachifuwa. Komabe, makutu a zimbalangondo zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri komanso amakhala ndi tsitsi lalitali. Chovala cha chimbalangondo chimakhala chachitali komanso choyera kuposa cha Himalayan. Mphuno ya chinyama ndi yayitali kwambiri. Milomo yatchulidwa kale.
Kulemera kwa sloth sikupitilira ma kilogalamu 140, koma nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofanana ndi sentimita imodzi. Mutha kukumana ndi chirombocho m'nkhalango za Ceylon ndi Hindustan.
Pandi wamkulu
Mpaka pakati pa zaka zana zapitazi, asayansi amati izi zidapangidwa ndi ziphuphu. Chosiyana chinatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesa kwa majini, Kunapezeka kuti chimphona panda ndi chimbalangondo chenicheni. Komabe, mawonekedwe ndi zizolowezi pakati pa miyendo yoluka ya chilombo ndizodabwitsa kwambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, nyama zikuluzikulu za panda, sizidya nsungwi zokha. Pofuna kumamatira ku mitengo yake, zimbalangondo zinapeza 6 m'malo mwa zala 5 kumiyendo yakutsogolo.
Mosiyana ndi zimbalangondo zina, nyama zikuluzikulu za panda zikuchedwa kuyenda pansi. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa nyama ndikofanana ndi sitepe yofulumira ya munthu.
Kukula kwa panda wamkulu ndikofanana ndi chimbalangondo cholemera mwapakatikati. Ngati phazi wamba lodziwika ndi Russia, ndiye kuti nyama yansungwi ndi chizindikiro cha China. Dzikoli siligulitsa ziphona zazikuluzikulu, limangowabwereka. Pa ufulu wotere, malo osungira nyama zakunja amatenga nyama. Chaka chilichonse, panda iliyonse yakunja imabweretsa ndalama ku PRC pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni.
Grizzly
Ichi ndi chimbalangondo chotuwa. Mtundu ndi chimodzi mwazosiyana kwambiri ndi phazi lofiirira. Mitundu yowopsa. Komabe, akuluakulu aku US, komwe chilombocho chimakhala, adasuma pempholo lofuna kuchotsa chilombocho ku Red Data Book. Akuti anthu akuchira m'dera la Yellowstone National Park. Khotilo lidakana akuluakuluwo.
Kunja kwa United States, chimbalangondo chotchedwa grizzly chokhala ku Alaska. Akatswiri a Zoologists amatsutsana za mitundu ya nyama ndi momwe angadziwire. Anthu ena amatcha nyama zokongola zomwe zimakhala mkatikati mwa dzikolo. Asayansi ena samawona grizzly kukhala mtundu wosiyana konse, koma kachigawo kakang'ono chabe ka mapazi achi Russia.
Kotero zinawonekera mitundu ingati ya zimbalangondo khalani padziko lapansi. Pali ena mwa iwo 9. Ena adazimiririka, kapena sichoncho.
Zimbalangondo zabodza
Alimi ku China amatcha chimphona panda chimbalangondo kale asayansi asanafike. Akatswiri ena a zinyama amasankhabe nyamayi ngati ma raccoon. Anthu ogwira ntchito mu Ufumu Wakumwamba nthawi zonse amatcha panda chimbalangondo cha nsungwi. Komabe, chisokonezo chimayamba, chifukwa pali panda yaying'ono.
Panda pang'ono
Mosiyana ndi mchimwene wake wamkulu, ndi a pandas. Chigamulocho chinalinso chifukwa cha kuyesa kwa majini. Idawonetsa kuti panda yofiira siyokhudzana osati zimbalangondo, osati ma raccoon. Ndi omalizira, nyama imafanana.
Panda wofiira ndi wochezeka komanso wosavuta kuweta. Palinso kufanana kwina ndi ma raccoon, mwachitsanzo, mchira, thupi lokulirapo, makutu akuthwa. Panda wofiira amawoneka ngati zimbalangondo zokhala ndi mayendedwe athunthu ndipo, kachiwiri, ndi mawonekedwe akunja.
Kukula kwa panda yaying'ono ndikofanana ndi mphaka wamkulu. Chifukwa cha kulimba mtima kwakukwera mitengo, chinyama chimatchedwa icho - chimbalangondo-mphaka. Dzina lotchulidwira lomwe anthu ambiri sangasinthe, ngakhale asayansi atanene chiyani.
Koala
Amatchedwa chimbalangondo cha marsupial. Epithet m'dzina ndi yowona. Koala ndi wa marsupials - gulu la nyama zosavuta kwambiri zomwe zatsala ku Australia kokha.
Dzinalo la nyama ndilofanana ndi dzina la banja lomwe lapatsidwa. Palibe ena m'banjamo. Izi, mwamwayi, zimagwiranso ntchito pandanda yaying'ono. Iyenso ndi mtundu wina.
Wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa koala ndi wombat, osati chimbalangondo ngakhale panda yaying'ono.
Pafupifupi zaka 30 miliyoni zapitazo, mitundu 18 ya "zimbalangondo" za marsupial idakhala padziko lapansi. Panalinso nsapato zenizeni zosaoneka ndi anthu amakono. Pakati pawo, mitundu 5-6 yatha.
Zimbalangondo zosatha
Chiwerengero cha zimbalangondo zomwe zatha sichikudziwika bwino chifukwa kukhalapo kwa mtundu umodzi ndizokayikitsa. Pali chiyembekezo cha chiyembekezo chakuti miyendo ya ku Tibetan idakalipo, ngakhale kuti kwanthawi yayitali sinakope anthu ndi magalasi amakanema apakanema. Ngati mutero, dziwitsani asayansi. Chimbalangondo chimafanana ndi bulauni, koma mbali yakutsogolo ya thupi ndiyofiira. Kufota kwa nyama kuli pafupifupi kwakuda. M'mimbamo, tsitsi limakhala lofiira. Tsitsi lonselo kumbuyo kwa chilombocho ndi lofiirira. Chimbalangondo chimakhala kum'mawa kwa chigwa cha Tibetan.
California grizzly
Imapezeka pa mbendera ya California, koma sichinapezeke m'boma kapena kupitilira kuyambira 1922. Kenako woimira womaliza anaphedwa mtundu wa nyama.
Chimbalangondo wosiyana ndi mtundu wagolide wa malayawo. Chilombocho chinali totem pakati pa amwenye. Ma Redskins amakhulupirira kuti adachokera ku grizzly, chifukwa chake sanasake kholo lawo. Mpira wamiyendo udaphedwa ndi azungu okhala.
Mzinda wa Mexico
Ovomerezeka mwalamulo adatha mzaka za makumi asanu ndi limodzi zapitazo. Nyamayo inali yayikulu, yolemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 360.
Chimbalangondo cha ku Mexico chokhala ndi grizzly chinali ndi zikhadabo zoyera m'miyendo yake yakutsogolo, makutu ang'onoang'ono, ndi pamphumi.
Chimbalangondo cha Etruscan
Zamoyo zakale, zimakhala mu Pliocene. Nthawi imeneyi inatha zaka 2.5 miliyoni zapitazo. Dzina lachiwiri la chilombocho ndi chimbalangondo chachifupi. Uyu ndiye wokhala ndi ma nthiti 13.
Mafupa a zimbalangondo za Etruscan amapezeka kokha kumadera akumwera. Chifukwa chake, asayansi amaganiza kuti chilombocho chinali cha thermophilic. Zimadziwikanso kuti nyama yomwe inasowa inali yayikulu, yolemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 600.
Atlas Nyamuliranani
Malo okhalamo kuchokera ku Morocco kupita ku Libya. Munthu womaliza anaphedwa ndi alenje mu 1870. Kunja, nyamayo inali yosiyana ndi tsitsi lofiira pansi pa thupi ndi bulauni yakuda pamwambapa. Panali malo oyera pa nkhope ya chimbalangondo.
Mosiyana ndi zimbalangondo zambiri, Atlas imakonda kukhala m'chipululu komanso m'malo ouma. Dzinalo la mtunduwo limalumikizidwa ndi unyolo wamapiri komwe kumakhala kaphazi. Akatswiri a Zoology awapatsa iwo ku subspecies ya zimbalangondo zofiirira.
Chimbalangondo chachikulu kwambiri
Maonekedwe a chimbalangondo zinali zofanana ndi mawonekedwe amakono. Nyamayo yokha inali ya 4 mita kutalika ndipo inalemera makilogalamu 1200. Zimphona zoterezi zidakhala padziko lapansi zaka 100 zikwi zapitazo.
Pakadali pano, asayansi apeza ulna yekhayo wa chimbalangondo chachikulu. Anapeza fupa m'malo a Pleistocene ku Great Britain.
Kupulumuka kwa zimbalangondo zamakono kumakhudzanso kukayikira. Chiwerengero cha mitunduyo chikuchepa kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa chakusintha kwanyengo. Madzi oundana akusungunuka. Nyama ziyenera kuchita kusambira kwotalikirapo. Zowononga zambiri zimafika kumtunda zitatopa. Pakadali pano, nkovuta kuti zimbalangondo zodzaza ndi mphamvu kupeza chakudya m'malo okwera chipale chofewa.
