Ivan Nikitin adalemba: - "Woyera ngati chotchinga, makwinya pamphumi pake, ndi nkhope yotopetsa, wawona mizere yambiri m'moyo wake." Poyerekeza ngwaziyo ndi mbalame yolemetsa, wolemba ndakatulo waku Russia wazaka za m'ma 1800 amatanthauza kuti mwamunayo ndi wotuwa.
Mwezi sungatchulidwe woyera. Kumbuyo kwa nthenga ndi pamwamba pamapiko ndi imvi. Komabe, palinso "imvi" apa, ndipo kamvekedwe kake sikamdima. Mimba ndi khosi la nyama ndi zoyera kwathunthu. Pachibale chapafupi cha chotchinga m'mundacho, utoto wake umakhala wakuda pang'ono. Palinso madambo. Iwo ali ndi nthenga zofiira.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a steppe harrier
M'zaka za zana la 19 chopondera anagawidwa. Chifukwa chake, kuyanjana ndi mbalame kunandikumbukira Ivan Nikitin. M'zaka za zana la 21, kuyerekezera koteroko kukadakhala kuti kudalembedwa, mwina ndi wolemba ndakatulo, yemwe ali pafupi Buku Lofiira. Chingwe cha steppe amalembedwa kuti akusowa.
Yastrebiny imaphatikizidwa munyimbo zonse zaku Russia komanso zigawo zingapo. Makamaka, ngwazi ya nkhaniyi imaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazinyama zosawerengeka za Gawo la Krasnodar.
Chingwe cha Steppe chimasiyana ndi zotchinga zina mu nthenga zopepuka
M'zaka za m'ma 1930, mitundu yotsatirayi inkadziwika monga kumadzulo kwa Caucasus. Pofika zaka za m'ma 1990, panali zochitika zokhazokha zowonera mwezi. Nyama imakhala moyo wachinsinsi. Kwa Russia yonse, pali pazipita 5,000 awiriawiri. M'chigawo chonse chakumwera mulibe zoposa 100. Padziko lonse lapansi, zotchinga zili pafupifupi awiriawiri 20,000.
Monga mphamba, chombocho chimakhala chachikulu kukula. Kutalika kwa thupi lamwamuna ndi masentimita 435-480, ndipo kwa akazi 480-525. Monga mukuwonera, mbalame zamtunduwu zakhala zikugonana. Akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna. Mapiko ake omaliza samapitilira masentimita 110. Mwa akazi, chizindikirocho nthawi zambiri chimayandikira 120.
Monga mbewa zina, chombocho chili ndi mlomo wolumikizidwa, miyendo yolimba yokhala ndi mapiko a nthenga mpaka pamapazi a mawondo. Thupi la mbalameyo ndi lochepa kwambiri. Ziwombankhanga zina ndizolimba. Mwezi umasiyananso ndi mapiko opapatiza. Ndege, ngwazi za nkhaniyi akhoza kusokonezeka ndi mbalameyi.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Kukula kwa magawidwe ku Russia kumafalikira kuchokera kumalire akumadzulo kupita ku Mongolia. Ili moyandikana ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Transbaikalia. Kummawa, mbalame zimauluka kupita ku Yenisei. Amakumananso ndi mbalame kumadzulo kwa Ural Range. Kufotokozera kwa steppe harrier zoperekedwa ndi okhala ku Minusinsk Basin pamphambano ya Krasnoyarsk Territory ndi Khakassia.
M'malire akumwera chakumadzulo kwa dzikolo, a loonies asankha Crimea, gombe lakumpoto kwa Black Sea, Transcaucasia. Apa, monga m'malo ena, akhakula amasankha madera ouma kuti azikhalamo.
Chikondi cha iwo chikuwonetsedwa mu dzina la mitunduyo. Komabe, pali zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ku Stavropol Territory, mbalameyi imapezeka mdera la Podgorny ndi Andropovsky. Ndi achithaphwi.
Pali zosiyana malinga ndi momwe mbalame zimakhalira. Kukhala wachinsinsi steppe harrier mbalame nthawi zina amapha tiana tiana, nkhunda zoweta ndi mbalame m'makola osungidwa ndi eni kupita kumabwalo. Komabe, nkhanza zoterezi zimatha kufotokozedwa chifukwa chakusowa kwa chakudya kwa omwe akubisalayo.
Chifukwa cha zochitika za anthu, malo oyenera a mphamba akucheperachepera. Chakudya nawonso chikuchepa.
Chingwe cha steppe kuyatsa chithunzi nthawi zonse kumwamba, kapena padziko lapansi. Ngwazi za nkhaniyi alibe chizolowezi chokhala pamitengo, ngakhale atakhala m'dera lamapiri.
Kumwamba, chotchinga, monga mbewa zonse, ndichisomo, chosathamanga. Kuuluka kwa mbalame kumangoyenda pang'ono. Kupatula kwake ndi nyengo yachisanu. Ino ndi nthawi yoswana. Gule wakukwatirana ndi kukwera kwakuthwa kwakutali komanso ma dive ofulumira. Akazi amapanganso "kudumpha", koma osatchulidwa kwenikweni.
Pokhala ndi ana, mbalamezi zimapitilira kumwera. Ambiri amasamukira ku Africa. Amabwerera ku Russia koyambirira kwa masika, masamba akangowonekera. Apa ndipomwe masewera okhathamira amayamba.
Steppe chotchinga zakudya
Steppe harrier - chilombo... Kupatuka kwa mbalame kuchokera kumalo okhala mwachizolowezi kumalumikizidwa ndikusokoneza nyama. Nthenga ikutha kukwera nkhalango kapena madambo, ngati pali mbewa zochuluka. Ndiwo chakudya chachikulu chobisalira.
Ngati mumvetsetsa kuposa makamaka kudyetsa pa steppe harrier, voles, gerbils, jerboas zimabwera m'maganizo. Onsewo ndi tizirombo nthaka. Zimapezeka kuti chotsekeracho ndi wothandizira mlimi.
Ngwazi ya nkhaniyi imasaka masana. Ndikosavuta kuwona nyama zing'onozing'ono m'minda dzuwa likuwala. Nthawi zina, m'malo mwa makoswe, chilombocho chimagwira abuluzi. Pa ntchentche, chowombankhangacho chimatha kugwira mbalame zazing'ono. Kotero ndiwodzaza.
Powona nyama yake, steppe harrier imamira mofulumira, ikutambasula miyendo patsogolo. Ndi mbalame ija imagwira wovulalayo muudzu. Zoyipa za ngwazi za nkhaniyi ndizitali. Izi zimathandiza kupeza chakudya ngakhale mu zomera zazitali. Chombocho chimafalikira mchira wake kutsogolo kwa nthaka. Chilombocho chimawaphwanya pambuyo pothamanga kwambiri.
Malo osakira amagawidwa pakati pa mbalame. Mwezi uliwonse uli ndi vuto lawo. Ndi yaying'ono m'deralo. Njira inayake yakhazikitsidwa. Zikauluka mozungulira malowo, chilombocho chimatsatira. Chifukwa chake, monga lamulo, mutha kuwona mwezi m'malo omwewo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Posakonda kukhala pamitengo, steppe harrier samangapo zisa pa iyo. Mazira amaswa pansi, m'malo ake, pakati pamiyala, nthawi zina m'mabango. Palibe chisa mwanjira yachizolowezi. Mazirawo amayikidwa mu dzenje lokhala ndiudzu mozungulira.
Zotchinga zazimayi zimaikira mazira kuyambira 3 mpaka 7. Standard - 5 zidutswa. Amaswa kwa masiku 30-35. Ndalama zomwezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polera anapiye pamapiko. Mwezi ndi theka atabadwa, ali okonzeka kuuluka kupita kumadera otentha nthawi yachisanu.
Chisa cha steppe harrier ndi anapiye
Pomwe amakulitsa ndikulera anapiye, ma steppe harriers amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukwiya kwawo. Hawks imawukira adani aliwonse, mosatengera malingaliro awo, kukula kwake. Oimira mitundu ya steppe samakonda kusiya ndodo zawo, ndikupulumutsa "zikopa" zawo.
Pofika zaka zitatu, mbalame yodya nyama imakhala yokonzeka kuswana. Zaka zoberekera zimatha zaka 17-18. Ma steppe harriers amakhala zaka 20-22. Ali mu ukapolo, nkhwangwa zimatha kuwonjezera moyo wawo mpaka zaka 25.
