Caranx amatha kutchedwa antediluvian. Nsomba zinapangidwa zaka 60 miliyoni zapitazo. Awa ndi malire a Cretaceous ndi Paleogene. Mafupa a Caranx apezeka m'matumba a sedimentary a nthawi. Zotsalira zazinyama zidagwera pansi pa nyanja. Thupilo linali litavunda. Mafupawo adasindikizidwa kwenikweni pansi pa kukakamizidwa kwa gawo lamadzi m'maminera am'munsi.
Malo anali kusintha. M'malo mwa nyanja, panali nthaka youma. Ndiko komwe asayansi anapeza mafupa oyamba a caranx. Mwa mawonekedwe amoyo, chidziwitso chake chidachitika mu 1801. Cholengedwa cha chigumula chija chidawonedwa ndikulembedwa ndi Bernard Germain Etienne. Izi ndi French ichthyologist. Kuyambira pomwe idatsegulidwa quark anakhala imodzi mwa nsomba zazikulu zamalonda. Symbolism imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera ausodzi wake. Chiti? Za izi osati kupitilira apo.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a nsomba ya caranx
Caranx - nsomba Banja la mackerel, gulu la nsomba. Chifukwa chake, kusiyana kwakukulu ndi thupi lathyathyathya kuchokera mbali ndikuwoloka mozungulira. Kuchokera ku mackerel ya akavalo, ngwazi ya nkhaniyi idatenga "thumba" kumbuyo kwake. Zipsepse ziwiri zakumtunda zimachotsedwa mmenemo. Chifukwa chake pitirizani chithunzi cha karanks zitha kuwonedwa ndi ziwiri kapena chimodzi, kapena osaphulika.
Caranxes si nyama imodzi, koma mtundu. Pali mitundu 18 mmenemo. Onse amakonda madzi ofunda komanso amchere. Zinyama zazing'ono zimalolera zopanda chotupitsa. Amasambira mumitsinje, akugwira nyama zakutchire kumeneko ndikubisalira nyama zowopsa zam'nyanja.
Molluscs ndi crustaceans amadyanso akulu. Amawonjezera nsomba zazing'ono pazosankhazi. Ngakhale ma dolphin achichepere amapezeka m'mimba mwa oimira mtunduwo. Nthawi zina, m'mimba mwa mahatchi a mackerel mumakhala akamba.
Mwa achichepere, zipolopolozo ndizosavuta, kuwonongeka ndi mano akuthwa a carangs. Kulemba dzina la genus kudzera "g" ndi njira ina, yovomerezedwa chimodzimodzi ndi yayikulu.
Anthu akale a Caranx am'nyanja yakuya
Ma quranks amasaka pamodzi ndi abale awo. Zitalumikizana, nyamazi zimazungulira masukulu ena a nsomba, pang'onopang'ono kumangiriza kuphulika. Ozunzidwa amayesa kudumpha m'madzi. Zikuwoneka kuti zaphika. Sizingatheke kukhala mlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali - mwina mbalame zomwe zimazungulira pazakupha zija zimawadya, kapena mungabwerere kuphompho kwamadzi ndikudya msipu wamchere.
Pali olamulira olamulira m'magulu osaka a Caranx. Anthu akuluakulu komanso amphamvu amatsogolera ntchito yosodza ndikugwira timabuku tating'ono. Nsomba zina m'gululi zimazitenga mopepuka.
Ngwazi za nkhaniyi zimapita kukasaka madzulo. Masana, nsombazi zimasambira ndipo sizimagwira chilichonse. Kugwirizanitsa mackerel kavalo kumangoyambitsidwa ndi kusaka. Ngakhale mwachangu wa caranx amakonda kukhala payekha. Komabe, achichepere ali ndi chifukwa china chophatikizira pagulu - zowopsa. Tiziphuphu tating'onoting'ono titaona nyama zolusa, zimasochera mosiyanasiyana.
Ma quark amasaka nsomba zazing'ono, zogwirizana m'magulu
Wopambana m'nkhaniyi amakonda madera ochepa amadzi, osayenda patali ndi malo "akunyumba". Chifukwa chake, mbalame ina yamchere yamchere yamadzi akomweko imadziwika ndi Caraxus. Kawirikawiri, malo omwe nsomba zimakhudzidwa ndi makilomita 10 m'mimba mwake. Kutali kwambiri ndi nyumba, anthu amasambira kuti angobereka. Kwa iye mahatchi a mackerel amayenda makilomita 30-50.
Ali aang'ono, oimira mtunduwo adakulitsa zipsepse ndi thupi lokwera kuposa nsomba zazikulu. Kwa zaka zambiri, kumakhala squat, ndipo zipsepse zimawoneka zazifupi komanso zokulirapo.
Wamkulu cranks ndi anatambasula kwa masentimita 55-170. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa ngwazi ya nkhaniyi ndi makilogalamu 80. Chifukwa chake, oimira mitundu ina yamtunduwu ndi ofanana ndi amuna ndi akazi achikulire.
Momwe madzi amadzi amapezeka quanx
Oimira amtunduwu amagawidwa pamadzi ofunda am'madzi padziko lonse lapansi. Nyama zimasankha malo enieni, "kudalira" kupezeka kwa chakudya, zoopsa mwa osaka nyama ndi zilombo zazikulu.
Komabe, muyezo waukulu ndi kuya. Karangs samagwa pansi pa 100 mita ndipo samakwera pamwamba pa 5 mita. Mwa malire awa, nsomba zimakhala zomasuka, zikuthamangira pansi ndikukwera.
Pansi pake, ngwazi za nkhaniyi zasankha miyala yamchere yamchere, amakonda "kuyenda" pakati pa zombo zouma ndi mafupa a mizinda yakale. Pali malo oterewa pa alumali ndi m'madzi. Apa ndikofunikira kufunafuna mackerel wamahatchi.
Kuchuluka kwa ma quranks kumakhazikika mu Nyanja Yofiira, pagombe la Hawaii, Africa, Thailand. Anthu aku Australia nawonso ndi akulu. Amagwidwa pafupi ndi New Zealand. Mwambiri, ngati tikambirana za nyanja, ngwazi ya nkhaniyi imapezeka ku Pacific, Indian ndi Atlantic.
Mitundu ya quark
Pokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, mitundu yama karaxisi imasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake. Mwa zina, mwachitsanzo, zipsepse zakuthambo zimaloza molunjika, pomwe zina zimayang'ana kumchira. Pali nsomba zomwe zimatuluka pamphumi, komanso pali nsomba zomwe zapendekeka. Zingwe zina zimakhala ndi chibwano chawo, koma ambiri amakhala ndi chibwano chowongoka. Yakwana nthawi yatsatanetsatane. Ganizirani za mackerel wamahatchi pochepetsa thupi ndi kukula kwake:
1. Giant Caranx... Amakula mpaka masentimita 170 m'litali, ndikuwonjezera makilogalamu 50-80 a misa. Oimira mitunduyo amadziwika ndi mutu wawukulu komanso thupi lofupikitsidwa. Zimphona zimafuna madzi okhala ndi mchere wochepa. Izi zimapezeka pamphambano ya nyanja ndi mitsinje yomwe ikudutsamo.
Chifukwa chake, ku Egypt, mwachitsanzo, nsomba zazikuluzikulu zamtchire zimagwidwa mumtsinje wa Nile. Komabe, nsomba yayikulu kwambiri adagwidwa pagombe la Maui. Zili m'zilumba zaku Hawaii. Pali lingaliro "carnax yachifumu"- dzina lina la chimphona.
Giant Caranx, yemwenso amatchedwa wachifumu
2. Daimondi carnax... Amatchedwanso emarodi. Nsomba zing'onozing'ono zimawala ngati ma diamondi odulidwa. M'malo ena, kuwala kwa buluu wobiriwira kumawoneka. Mawanga awa amakumbutsa za emeralds. Kutalika kwake, nsombayo imafika masentimita 117, ndipo imalemera makilogalamu 43.
Mamba ang'onoang'ono a diamondi amadulidwa padzuwa ngati ma diamondi
3.Kreval-Jack. Zofanana ndi Mediterranean komanso madzi akumadzulo kwa Africa. Poyang'ana kumbuyo kwa mackerel ina ya mahatchi, mahatchi amawonekera ataponyedwa kumapeto. Mbali yake yakunja imakhala ndi mitsempha 8, ndipo mbali yakumbuyo imakhala ndi 1 vertebra ndi cheza 20 chofewa.
Akuluakulu amatalika masentimita 170, koma amalemera poyerekeza ndi diamondi. Kuchuluka kwa crevaljack ndimakilogalamu 33.
4. Quark yayikulu Wotsika kwambiri kulemera kwa chimphona ndi chowoneka bwino pang'ono ndi chovala cha jack, chofika makilogalamu 30 okha. Amagawidwa m'thupi la 120 cm. Ndi chowulungika-mozungulira.
Zinthu zapadera ndizamphumi zakuthwa komanso mathero kumapeto kwa chimbudzi. Mutha kukumana ndi nsomba zotere mu Indian Ocean.
5. Black mackerel kapena jack wakuda. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa nsombayi ndi makilogalamu 20. Kutalika, mackerel yakuda yakuda imafika masentimita 110. Mutha kukumana ndi oimira mitunduyo munyanja zonse zotentha. Anthu ambiri amakhala ku Red. Kunja, njoka yakuda imasiyanitsidwa ndi kansalu kopindika kokhala ngati kakhirisimasi ndi mtundu wakuda.
6. Kuwona ndi maso akulu. Limalungamitsa dzinalo. Mackerel ambiri amakhala ndi maso ang'onoang'ono. Kukula kwa anthu okhala ndi maso akulu ndikolimba. Kutalika, nsomba zimakwezedwa ndi masentimita 110. Kulemera kwake, quark wamaso akulu ndi ma kilogalamu angapo otsika kuposa Black horse mackerel.
7. Wothamanga buluu kapena mackerel wa ku Egypt. Malingaliro ali wamba ku Mediterranean ndi Atlantic. Kumeneku, wothamanga uja adakongoletsa kumadzi pafupi ndi nsanja zamafuta. Chisankho ichi, pakadali pano, sichikudziwika kwa asayansi. Kutalika kwake, nsombazi sizidutsa masentimita 70, ndipo zimalemera makilogalamu 5-7.
8. Green Jack. Thupi la masentimita 55 limalemera pafupifupi 3 kilogalamu. Mitunduyi imatchulidwa ndi utoto. Komabe, zobiriwira zimasiyana ndimakaravasi ena momwe amapangidwira mbale za ma gill komanso mawonekedwe azitali zazipsepse zofananira. Oimira mitunduyo amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja yaku America komanso ku Pacific Ocean.
9. Chordate caranx. Mmodzi mwa oimira ang'onoang'ono a mackerel yamahatchi. Nsombazo sizilemera makilogalamu angapo, ndipo ndi theka la mita kutalika. Dzina lachiwiri ndi mahatchi abodza abodza. Tsoka ilo limatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi abale apafupi.
10. Kupatulaokha ku Senegal. Chojambula chaching'ono. Kutalika kwake, nsombayo siyidutsa masentimita 30, ndipo imalemera magalamu angapo. Nsombayi ili ndi mutu wakuthwa komanso thupi lokwera. Zotsekera zoyamba, zipsepse za kumatako zimawonjezedwanso pamenepo.
Ma caracan ang'onoang'ono amatha kusungidwa m'madzi am'madzi. Komabe, nsomba zolusa zimadya nyama zoopsa ndipo zimawopseza anthu ena okhala m'nyanjayi. Chifukwa chake, mackerel wamahatchi amapezeka nthawi zambiri kuthengo, ndipo amalowa m'nyumba ngati chakudya cha anthu. Tikukuwuzani momwe mungapezere mutu wotsatira.
Kugwira Caranx
Amagwira ngwazi pamutuwo nyambo. Trolling ndiyothandiza. Zikatero, msodzi waimirira pa bwato. Mukasodza paboti lopalasa, usodzi umatchedwa njanji. Kuthamanga kumeneku sikokwanira kukopa chidwi cha nsombazo. Pomwe akuponda, nyambo imathamangira m'madzi ngati ozunzidwa enieni ma quranks.
Nthawi zambiri, nyambo yokumba imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupondaponda, koma ngwazi ya nkhaniyi imakonda nyambo. Akangomangirira, nsombayo imamenya nkhondo mwamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti imadziwika ngati chizindikiro chachimuna, kulimba mtima komanso mphamvu. Dzinalo likuwonetsanso mwayi wanyamayo - golide caranx.
Mitundu yonse yamtunduwu imagwirizanitsidwa ndi dzina ili. Palinso mawu akuti “karax wachikopa". Apa malingaliro amtundu wa zipsepse amawonekera. Amakhala achikasu mu nsomba zamtunduwu. Ndizosangalatsa kuti m'madzi oyera mtunduwo suwoneka, ndipo m'madzi amadzimadzi amaulutsidwa.
Mtundu wa nsombayo umawauza asodziwo kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zagwidwa. Akazi ndi owala kwambiri. Amuna amitundu yambiri yamakola amakhala amdima. Kujambula, mwa njira, ndi imodzi mwanjira zodziwitsa kukhazikika kwa nsomba. Mitundu yambiri yamchere yamchere ndi yokoma komanso yopanda vuto, koma mackerel wakuda ndi wowopsa pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, mutagwira nsomba, ndibwino kuti muyang'ane m'kaundula kenako ndikutumiza nsomba ku khitchini.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa karax
Kubereka ngwazi za nkhaniyi kumadalira momwe zinthu zilili. M'madera otentha, nsomba zimaswana kangapo pachaka. M'madzi ozizira otentha pang'ono, ma cranks amasankha kukhala ndi ana chilimwe chokha.
Ma caranxes ndi ochuluka. Zazikazi zimaikira mazira pafupifupi miliyoni imodzi nthawi imodzi. Makolo sawabisa ndipo samatsatira mwanayo. Mazira amayandama momasuka mgulu lamadzi. Gawo limadyedwa, ndipo mwachangu amawonekera kuchokera mbali.
Poyamba, amabisala mu "mthunzi" wa jellyfish. Kukula, quarks amapita ulendo umodzi. Ngati yapambana, nsomba imakhala ndi moyo zaka 15-17. Izi ndizowirikiza kawiri kuposa achibale apafupi kwambiri - mbalame zamtundu winawake.
