Zinyama za dziko lathu lapansi zasintha kwambiri m'zaka zapitazi. Mwamuna mopanda chifundo amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu ambiri, kuwabweretsa kuwonongekera kwathunthu, munthu amateteza malamulo a opulumuka ambiri, kuwawonjezera ku Red Book.
Ndi bwalo loipa momwe umbombo ndi umunthu zimamenyera. Mbalame grouse Ndi m'modzi wa iwo. Ali pamalo olemekezeka mu Red Book ndipo ndi m'modzi mwa omwe amafunidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha anthu opha nyama mosavomerezeka.
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala grouse
Maonekedwe a grouse wamtchire amafanana kwambiri ndi grouse yakuda ndi hazel grouse. Makhalidwe ake amafanananso kwambiri ndi mbalamezi. Mutha kunena Mbalame yakupha Ndi mtanda pakati pa grouse yakuda ndi hazel grouse, grouse yakuda imakulirapo pang'ono kukula.
Kuyang'ana ku Siberia Grouse, sitinganene kuti imalemera pafupifupi 500-600 magalamu, nthenga zokongola zowoneka bwino zimapangitsa kuti zikule pang'ono. Kutalika kwa mbalameyi ndi masentimita 45. Ngakhale kuti timereti timakhala ndi mapiko ang'onoang'ono, izi sizimalepheretsa kuti izitha kuthamanga bwino.
Pachithunzicho pali mbalame yaikazi
Miyendo yake yophimbidwa ndi pansi, m'nyengo yozizira sizimalola kuti azizizira. Hazel grouse ndiyopepuka pang'ono kuposa grouse... Imasiyanitsidwanso ndi mitundu ingapo ya mitundu ingapo yamiyala yamdima yakuda.
Pamwamba pake mutha kuwona zofiira, beige, zokhala ndi imvi, mawanga. Nthenga zoyera ngati chipale zimadziwika kwambiri kumapeto kwa mchira ndi mapiko. Kusiyanitsa kwa zoyera ndi zakuda kumapangitsa spruce kukhala wokongola kwambiri ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, amateteza ku adani.
Mtundu uwu umapangitsa kuti ukhale wosawoneka bwino pakati pa nthambi za mitengo. Akazi ali ndi mizere yoyera yoyera, ndipo maziko akulu a nthenga si mabokosi amdima, monga amuna, koma opepuka, okhala ndi utoto wofiyira.
Chiwerengero cha mbalamezi sichikufalikira masiku ano monga momwe zinaliri mu nthawi ya Soviet. Chiwerengero chawo chachikulu chimapezeka pagombe la Nyanja ya Okhotsk, kum'mawa kwa Transbaikalia, kumwera kwa Yakutia.
Dikusha amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango za spruce. Kwa iye, malo abwino okhala ndi udzu wokhala ndi mthunzi, wodziwika ndi chinyezi, pomwe pamakhala zitsamba zowirira za lingonberries, blueberries, cloudberries. Amakonda chivundikiro chapansi pomwe pali moss wokwanira wokwanira.
Chiwerengero cha zikumera yawonjezeka kwambiri mzaka za m'ma 90 zapitazo. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha nyama zazing'ono zidatengedwa kupita kumalo osungira nyama ambiri, mwachitsanzo, ku Zoo za Novosibirsk, ndipo pano ntchito ikugwiridwa kuti iwonjezere mitundu iyi ya mbalame. Tsoka ilo, osaka nyama akupitiliza ntchito yawo, ngakhale grouse kusaka kulangidwa ndi lamulo.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa grouse waku Siberia
Dikusha amakonda kukhala mwakachetechete panthambi zamitengo kuti aliyense asamuwone. Mbalameyi si yamanyazi, ndipo akumva chisoni kwambiri. Zinali izi zomwe zidathandizira kulowa ku spruce waku Siberia mu Red Book.
Mbalame zimakhala ndi moyo wakutali, kawirikawiri zikakumana pagulu. Kusagwira ntchito kwawo kumathandiza kuti anthu asawadziwe m'nthambi za mitengo. Ngakhale panthambi, zimangokhala ma 2 mita okha kuchokera pansi.
Samauluka mtunda wautali, amakonda kukhala pamalo amodzi. Makhalidwe achilendo a gulu chimakhala chakuti mukawopsedwa, munthu akapezeka pafupi, sathawa, koma m'malo mwake, amawulukira pafupi ndikumuwona munthuyo ali ndi chidwi.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake Gulu la Siberia ndi nyama yosavuta kwa osaka, chifukwa simukuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito makatiriji pa iwo. Ndikokwanira kumangirira zingwe zambiri ndipo kamodzi mwamtendere musonkhanitse anthu omwe agwidwa ndi malupu.
Ngakhale ndi alamu oopsa kwambiri, a Siberia Grouse sadzafuula, kuwopseza aliyense m'derali, koma modzichepetsa adzawona zomwe zikuchitika. Khalidwe lachiwerewere chifukwa mtundu wake umakupatsani mwayi woti musadziwike pakati pa masamba a mitengo kwanthawi yayitali. Samatenga chipiriro pa izi, makamaka theka loyambirira la tsikulo, chifukwa Grouse yaku Siberia imakonda kugona panthawiyi, imakhala yolimbikira pambuyo pa nkhomaliro.
Zakudya zamagulu
Monga mbalame ya banja la grouse, imadya chimodzimodzi hazel grouse grouse. Gawo lalikulu lazogulitsa ndi zakudya zamasamba. Koposa zonse, grouse yaku Siberia imakonda singano, izi ndi pafupifupi 70% yazakudya zake.
Izi zimamupatsa mwayi wokhala wathanzi chaka chonse. Posintha, grouse yaku Siberia imakondanso ndi rasipiberi, mabulosi abulu, ndi masamba a lingonberry. Nthawi zina mbalame sizinyalanyaza tizilombo monga nsikidzi, nyerere.
Kuti chakudya chithe kudutsa bwino m'matumbo onse, grouse yaku Siberia imafunika kudya timiyala tating'onoting'ono. Pofufuza m'mimba mwa mbalame zambiri zomwe zidagwidwa, zidapezeka kuti timiyala timakhala 30% yazakudya zonse.
Achinyamata amadya makamaka tizilombo, chifukwa anapiye okulirapo amafunika chakudya chokwanira chokwanira. Atafika kale pa msinkhu wa kutha msinkhu, zokonda zawo zimasintha, ndikusinthira kubzala zakudya.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo wa grouse waku Siberia
Kukula msanga kwa mphukira kumachitika patatha chaka chimodzi kubadwa, monga nkhuku zonse. Pakatentha kwambiri, chakumayambiriro kwa Meyi, masewera olimbitsa thupi amayamba ndi mbalamezi.
Monga lamulo, wamwamuna amatenga zonse zoyeserera ndikuyesera munjira iliyonse kuti akope mkaziyo kwa iye. Amakweza mutu wake pamwamba, amatsegula mchira wake. Amatha kuyenda, kudzionetsera pamaso pa mkazi, kutulutsa mawu osamveka bwino, ngati kapamba, ndipo amatha kuwulukira kwa iye.
Nguluwe yakutchire yokhala ndi mwana wankhuku
Pa enachithunzi cha grouse Mutha kuwona momwe wamwamuna akuyesera kusangalatsa wosankhidwa wake. Maonekedwe ake onse panthawiyi akusonyeza kuti champhongo chimasewera mwakhama. Ndi maso ofiira, amayesetsa kuti asaiwale zachikazi, ndipo amayembekezera mwachidwi ntchito yake. Kukwatirana kwakutchire, koma amuna samatenga nawo gawo m'moyo wa anawo, amangowateteza.
Chisa chimapangidwa pansi pamtengo wokhala ndi korona wokongola. Nthambi zochepa zimayikidwa pansi, ndipo kumayambiriro - pakati pa Meyi, mkazi amakhala pamazira. Mpaka pano, palibe kafukufuku amene wachitika kuti mkazi amaikira mazira ochuluka motani.
Koma owonererawo adatha kuwona mazira asanu ndi atatu pachisa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti aganizire kuti, pafupifupi, amaphukira amayikira pafupifupi mazira khumi. Mazirawo ndi ofiira ngati azitona komanso owala. Pa masiku 24-25, ana amabwera, anapiye amayamba kuwuluka kumapeto kwa Juni.
Nthawi yokhala ndi moyo kuthengo kuyambira zaka 10 mpaka 14. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 80 zapitazo, asayansi adayang'anira kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali yama grouse aku Siberia, omwe adapita nawo kumalo osungira nyama. Tsoka ilo, pafupifupi anthu onse adamwalira patsiku la 10-20, makamaka chifukwa cha mayendedwe anyengo yayitali.
Mbali ina ya Asia Grouse ndi nthenga zouluka zakunja za mapiko, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osongoka. Chifukwa cha izi Asia Gulu adasankhidwa ngati mtundu wina.
Pachithunzicho, grouse wamwamuna waku Siberia
Dikusha ku North America yemwenso amadziwika kuti Gulu laku Canada... Amadziwika ndi mapiko osaloledwa komanso olemera pang'ono (mpaka magalamu 50). Chosangalatsa chokhudza Siberia Grouse ndikuti nyama ya mbalameyi imalawa zowawa pang'ono chifukwa imadya singano zambiri. Izi sizikuphwanya kusaka nyama ndikuchepetsa chiwerengero chake chaka chilichonse.
