Chinyama chothamanga kwambiri ndi cheetah, mbalame yothamanga kwambiri ndi pereconine falcon, nsomba yachangu kwambiri - ndiye funso, funso. Amatchedwa nsomba za m'nyanja, ndipo tikambirana za izi.
Bwato lansomba
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a bwato la nsomba
Wothamanga kwambiri pakati pa nsomba ndi wa banja la seelfish, ma perchiformes. Kutalika kwazithunzi pafupifupi 3-3.5 m, kulemera kwake ndikoposa 100 kg. Pofika chaka chimodzi, mabwato amakhala ndi kutalika kwa 1.5-2 m.
Thupi la nsombayo limakhala ndi mawonekedwe a hydrodynamic ndipo limakutidwa ndi timiyala tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, pomwe madzi amayimilira. Mukasuntha, mtundu wina wa kanema wamadzi umazungulira nsomba, ndipo mikangano imachitika pakati pamiyeso yosiyanasiyana yamadzi, kudutsa khungu la bwato, pomwe koyenda kwake kumakhala kotsika kwambiri.
Ponena za utoto, imafanana ndi nsomba zambiri za pelagic zomwe zili m'boti. Malo akumbuyo ndi amdima wokhala ndi mtundu wabuluu, m'mimba ndikopepuka ndi chitsulo. Mbalizo zimakhala zofiirira, komanso zimaphulika.
Maboti oyenda panyanja amakonda kudumpha kuchokera m'madzi
Pakati ponse pambali kuyambira pamutu mpaka mchira, thupi limakutidwa ndi timitengo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timakhala pamiyeso yolimba kwambiri yopanga mikwingwirima yopingasa.
Kuyang'ana mu chithunzi cha nsomba yapamadzi, Sizovuta kudziwa zomwe mzindawu amatchedwa. Mbalame yake yayikulu yakumapeto ikufanana kwenikweni ndi kubera kwa zombo zamakedzana.
Imayambira kumbuyo kwa mutu kumbuyo konse ndipo imakhala yojambulidwa mumthunzi wamadzi wowonjezera, womwe umakhalanso ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono amdima. Zipsepse zotsalazo ndizofiirira.
Chombocho chimagwira ntchito zambiri zofunika. Ndi amene amathandiza nsomba kusintha mwadzidzidzi kayendedwe kawona zoopsa kapena chopinga china. Kukula kwake kuli kawiri kuwirikiza kukula kwa thupi.
Chapamwamba kumapeto kwa nsomba zapamadzi
Malinga ndi asayansi ena, paulendo wothamanga kwambiri sitima yapamadzi imakhala ngati yolimbitsa kutentha. Ndikugwira ntchito mwamphamvu kwa magazi, magazi amatentha, ndipo kumapeto kwa dorsal kumapeto ndi mitsempha yotukuka bwino kumazizira nsomba zotentha, kuti zisawotche.
Nthawi yomweyo, mabwato amakhala ndi chiwiya chapadera chotenthetsera, mothandizidwa ndi magazi ofunda omwe amathamangira kuubongo ndi m'maso mwa nsombazo, chifukwa chake bwatolo limazindikira mayendedwe ocheperako mwachangu kuposa nsomba ina iliyonse.
Kutalika kotheka liwiro la nsomba ku bwato kuthandiza kukhala mbali ya kapangidwe ka thupi. Kumbuyo kwa nsombayo pamakhala notch yapadera, pomwe sitimayo imasunthidwa ikathamanga kwambiri. Zipsepse za m'chiuno ndi kumatako ndizobisika. Mukakulunga motere, kukana kumachepa kwambiri.
Nsagwada zimakhala ndi zophuka zazitali, zomwe zimabweretsa chisokonezo. Kuwonongeka kolakwika chifukwa chakusowa kwa mpweya kumakhudzanso liwiro.
Bwato loyendetsa nsomba limasaka nsomba zazing'ono
Mchira wamphamvu kwambiri, wokumbutsa za boomerang, umathandiza nsombayo kuyenda pakati pamadzi. Ngakhale mayendedwe ake osasunthika samasiyana pamatalikidwe akulu, amachitika pafupipafupi modabwitsa. Ma curve omwe amakokedwa ndi nsomba zapaboti amafanana ndi kukongola ndi luso mofananira ndi kuwuluka kwa ndege zamakono.
Ndiye atha kuthamanga bwanji ngalawa zothamanga kwambiri zansomba? Ndizosangalatsa - kupitilira 100 km / h. Anthu aku America adachita kafukufuku wapadera pagombe la Florida ndipo adalemba zambiri kuti bwatolo lidasambira mtunda wa 91 m mumasekondi atatu, omwe amafanana ndi liwiro la 109 km / h.
Mwa njira, sitima yapamadzi yothamanga kwambiri m'mbiri, Soviet K-162, sinathe kuyenda m'mbali yamadzi mwachangu kuposa 80 km / h. Nthawi zina mumatha kuwona momwe nsomba yapamadzi imayandikira pang'onopang'ono pamwamba pake, ndikutulutsa chinsomba chake chotchuka pamwamba pamadzi.
Moyo wa nsomba ndi malo okhala
Nsomba zoyenda panyanja zimakhala m'madzi ofunda a equator of the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific sea, omwe amapezeka mu Red, Mediterranean ndi Black Sea.
Nsombazi zimakhala ndi kusamuka kwakanthawi, bwato la nsomba yozizira Imakonda kuchoka kumalo otentha pafupi ndi equator, ndipo pakufika kutentha imabwerera kumalo ake akale. Kutengera ndi malowa, awiri anali osiyana kale mitundu ya nsomba zapamadzi:
- Istiophorus platypterus - wokhala m'nyanja ya Indian;
- Ma albino a Istiophorus - amakhala kumadzulo ndi pakati pa Pacific.
Komabe, mkati mwa maphunziro angapo, asayansi sanathe kuzindikira kusiyana kulikonse pakati pa anthu aku Atlantic ndi Pacific. Kuwunika kwa mitochondrial DNA kunangotsimikizira izi. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri aphatikiza mitundu iwiriyi kukhala imodzi.
Kudyetsa nsomba
Nsomba za Sailfish zimadyetsa mitundu ya pelagic ya nsomba zazing'ono pasukulu. Anchovies, sardines, mackerel, mackerel, ndi mitundu ina ya nkhanu ndizofunikira kwambiri pazakudya zake. Ndizosangalatsa kuwonera momwe nsomba yapabwato imawonekera kwinaku tikusaka.
Poyendetsa gulu la nsomba, anthu masauzande ambiri, akuyenda ngati chinthu chimodzi, bwatolo likuwombera mwachangu, kusiya nsomba zazing'ono sizingakhale ndi moyo.
Nsomba zapamadzi zimathamangitsa nyama
Maboti oyenda panyanja samasaka m'modzi m'modzi, koma m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, akuwombera nsagwada zawo, amaponyera nyama ndikuipititsa kumtunda, komwe kulibe kobisala. Ndi ntchentche zawo zooneka ngati mkondo, amavulaza nsomba zing'onozing'ono ndipo amapezanso mbalame zotchedwa mackerel kapena mackerel, zomwe zatha kale chifukwa cha mabala.
Si zachilendo kuti bwato loyenda likuboola mabwato opangira matabwa ndi msipu wake wakuthwa ndikuwononga kwakukulu ngakhale pazitsulo zazombo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa nsomba zapamadzi
Ma boti oyenda panyanja amabala m'madzi otentha komanso am'madzi kumapeto kwa chilimwe - koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira. Monga nthumwi zina za dongosololi, nsomba izi ndizochuluka kwambiri. Mu nyengo imodzi yaying'ono, mkazi amatha kutulutsa mazira okwana 5 miliyoni maulendo angapo.
Caviar yapanyanja ndiyochepa ndipo siyomata. Imayandama pamwamba pamadzi ndipo ndi chakudya chokoma cha mitundu yambiri ya nsomba, kotero kuti mazira ambiri ndi mazira ake amangozimiririka osapezeka m'kamwa mwa nyama zowopsa.
Kutalika kwanthawi yayitali kwa bwato kumakhala zaka 13 zokha, bola kuti isakodwe ndi nyama zolusa kapena anthu. Ernest Hemingway, m'mabuku ake ambiri, amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane Kufotokozera nsomba zapamadzi ndi njira zogwirira chimphona champhamvu ichi.
Bwato losodza
Mabuku ake, omwe anafalikira padziko lonse lapansi m'makope mamiliyoni ambiri, adapangitsa kuti nsomba zizikhala zotsatsa, asodzi adawonetsa chidwi chofuna kugwira mitundu iyi.
Kuchokera kugombe la Cuba, Hawaii, Florida, Peru, Australia ndi madera ena angapo, kusodza ngalawa ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Ku Havana, kwawo kwa mlembi wotchulidwa pamwambapa, mpikisano wa anglers umachitika chaka chilichonse.
Ku Costa Rica, zochitika zofananazi zimatha ndikutulutsa zitsanzo zomwe zagwidwa m'nyanja, zitatha kulemera ndi chithunzi chokumbukira. M'madera adziko lino, nsomba zapamadzi ndizotetezedwa ndipo kusodza kosalamulidwa ndikuletsedwa. Ku Panama, mitundu iyi idalembedwa mu Red Book ndipo nsomba zake ndizoletsedwa.
Kusodza bwato - ntchito yosangalatsa ngakhale kwa wolimbikira kwambiri. Zimphona zamphamvu komanso zanzeru zitha kutopetsa aliyense. Amalemba zovuta zamtundu uliwonse pamadzi, m'njira iliyonse yothetsera tsogolo losapeweka.
Kuti mudziwe ndi nsomba zamtundu wanji zomwe zimakonda, sikofunikira kuwuluka kupita kutsidya lina la dziko lapansi. M'malo odyera ambiri akumatauni ambiri mutha kulawa mbale za nsomba zosowa izi, ngati mukufuna.
