Mbalame zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana mwa anthu, amadziwika ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yaumunthu. Mayina a mbalame zambiri amadzetsa mayanjano athu.
Ponena za mbalame ya swan, aliyense angaganize zokongola zake ndikukumbukira kukhulupirika kwake. Mwa banja ili pali m'modzi yemwe adasankhidwa ngati chizindikiro cha dziko la Finland - Whooper Swan.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a whooper swan
Dongosolo la Anseriformes ndi banja la abakha akuyimiridwa ndi osiyanasiyana mbalamendipo Whooper Swan m'modzi mwa oimira osowa. Kunja, ichi ndi mbalame wamba mu lingaliro wamba, komanso imasiyananso.
Kukula kwa chimbudzi ndi chachikulu kwambiri: kuchuluka kwa mbalame ndi 7.5-14 kilogalamu. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyo kumafika masentimita 140-170. Mapiko ake ndi masentimita 275. Mlomo wake ndi wa mandimu wokhala ndi nsonga yakuda, kuyambira pakati pa 9 mpaka 12 cm.
Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi. KU malongosoledwe a whooper swan zitha kuwonjezeredwa kuti, poyerekeza ndi anzawo, ndi yayikulu kuposa kachiwombankhanga kakang'ono, koma yaying'ono kuposa yaying'ono yosalankhula.
Mtundu wa nthenga za whoopers ndi woyera, pali nthenda yambiri pakati pa nthenga. Mbalame zazing'ono zimajambula utoto wonyezimira, ndipo mutuwo ndi wakuda pang'ono kuposa thupi lonse, ndipo kokha mchaka chachitatu cha moyo amakhala oyera ngati chipale.
Mbalame zazikulu zimakhala ndi khosi lalitali (khosi limakhala lofanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi), lomwe limakhala lowongoka, m'malo mopindika, ndi lalifupi, miyendo yakuda. Mapiko awo ndi olimba kwambiri komanso olimba, chifukwa izi ndizofunikira kuti akhalebe olemera kwambiri.
Kukwapula kwamphamvu kuchokera ku phiko la tsekwe kumatha kuthyola mkono wa mwana. Yatsani chithunzi cha whooper swan Mutha kuyamika kukongola kwake konse ndi chisomo chomwe zimapezeka mu mbalamezi.
Malo a Whooper swan
Whooper swan ndi mbalame zosamuka. Malo ake okhala ndi zisa amapezeka kumpoto kwa kontinenti ya Eurasia, kuyambira ku Scotland ndi Scandinavia kupita ku Sakhalin Island ndi Chukotka. Komanso ku Mongolia, kumpoto kwa Japan.
Kwa nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimasamukira kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Mediterranean, kumwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, (China, Korea), mpaka Nyanja ya Caspian. Mbalame zisaikira ku Scandinavia, m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yoyera ndi ya Baltic, nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'malo ozizira nthawi yachisanu. Mbalame sizingathe kuuluka kuchokera ku Eurasia, bola ngati malo omwe amakhala sakuundana.
M'dera Omsk whoopers amapezeka m'zigawo Tavrichesky, Nazyvaevsky, Bolsherechensky. Maiwe a "doko la mbalame" nawonso amalandila nyamayi pa nthawi yosamukira. Mbalame zimasankha malo okhala ndi nkhalango komwe nkhalango za kumadera akutali zimalowedwa m'malo ndi tundra.
Malo othawirako a Bairovsky State Wildlife Refuge ali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ma swans swans omwe amawulukira kumeneko kukafika ku chisa. Mbalame zimakhala zomasuka komanso zotetezeka kumeneko, zomwe zimapangitsa kuswana.
Moyo wa Whooper swan
Swans nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, motero mbalamezo ndizokulirapo, zimakhala nthawi yayitali pamadzi. Mbalame zam'madzi zimayandama pamwamba pamadzi mochititsa kaso kwambiri, ndikuyika makosi awo owongoka, ndikuthinikiza mapiko awo mthupi.
Kunja, zikuwoneka kuti mbalame zikusambira pang'onopang'ono, osati mwachangu, koma ngati zikufuna kuzipeza, zimawonetsa kutha kuyenda msanga. Mwambiri, ma swans amasamala kwambiri, amayesetsa kukhala pamadzi kutali ndi gombe.
Pofuna kunyamuka, nyamayi yolemera kwambiri imathamangira pamadzi kwa nthawi yayitali, ikukwera pamwamba komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Mbalamezi sizimayenda pansi kwenikweni, pokhapokha pakafunika kutero, chifukwa zimakhala zosavuta kuti zizisunga thupi lawo lonenepa pamwamba pamadzi kapena kuthawa.
Pakusamuka, ma swoper swans amasonkhana koyamba m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu angapo. Mbalame zoyambirira zosakwatiwa, kenako magulu a anthu pafupifupi khumi amauluka m'mwamba usana ndi usiku.
Ku Eastern Siberia ndi Primorye, masukulu a swans zouluka nthawi zambiri amawoneka. Mbalame zimapuma m'madzi kuti zipumule, kudya ndi kupeza mphamvu. M'dzinja, nthawi yosamukira imagwera pa Seputembara-Okutobala, nthawi yomwe chisanu choyamba chimabwera.
Usiku, moyo ukaima, kulira kwa swans kumamveka mlengalenga. Ndiwo mawu awo - osangalatsa komanso lipenga, amatchedwa achiwerewere. Phokosolo limamveka ngati "gang-go", ndipo mayendedwe a tsekwe amakhala osangalatsa makamaka mchaka, pomwe mawu awo achisangalalo amveka motsutsana ndi chikhalidwe chodzuka, mitsinje yodandaula ndi nyimbo zazing'ono zazing'ono. A Swans amagwiritsanso ntchito mawu awo posonyeza momwe amasangalalira nthawi yakuswana.
Mverani mawu a chimbalangondo
Kudyetsa Whooper Swan
Popeza swans ndi mbalame zam'madzi, maziko a zakudya zawo ndi chakudya chomwe chimapezeka m'madzi. Izi ndizomera zosiyanasiyana zam'madzi zomwe mbalameyi imapeza ndikudumphira m'madzi. Swans amathanso kutulutsa nsomba zazing'ono, ma crustaceans ndi molluscs m'madzi.
Mbalame zomwe zimafunikira mapuloteni zimakonda kwambiri chakudya choterocho. Akakhala pansi, swans amadya udzu wosiyanasiyana, chimanga, amatola mbewu, zipatso, tizilombo, ndi nyongolotsi.
Anapiye omwe amafunika kukula makamaka amadya chakudya chama protein, amatola kuchokera pansi pa dziwe, amakhala pamalo osaya pafupi ndi gombe, ndikulowerera m'madzi, monga abakha amachitira.
Mbalamezi zimalowetsa makosi awo atali m'madzi, kufunafuna nyanjayo ndi milomo yawo, kutola mizu ndi zomera zokoma. Amatenganso matope ndi milomo yawo, ndipo amawasefa kudzera m'mabulu apadera. Kuchokera ku unyinji wotsala wa mbalameyo, chodyera chimasankhidwa ndi lilime.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo wa mphamba
Kufika kwam'masika kwa mbalame kumalo obisalira kumayambira mu Marichi mpaka Meyi. Zimatengera malo okhala anapiyewo. Chifukwa chake kumadera akumwera amaswa kale pakati pa Meyi, komanso kumpoto kokha koyambirira kwa Julayi.
Nzosadabwitsa kuti amalankhula zakukhulupirika kwa mbalame - mbalamezi zimakhala zokhazokha, ndipo zimapanga gulu limodzi. Ngakhale nyengo yozizira zimauluka limodzi, ndipo zimakhala limodzi nthawi zonse. Pokhapokha atamwalira m'modzi mwa omwe adagwirizana nawo, wachiwiri amatha kupeza m'malo mwake.
Mu chithunzi whoopers swans
Kubwerera kumalo awo obisalirako kumapeto kwa nyengo, maanja amasankha, ngati kuli kotheka, malo akuluakulu, magombe omwe ali ndi udzu wambiri. Popeza mbalamezi sizimakonda kucheza ndi anthu, zimayesetsa kukonza zisa pansi pa nkhalango, pamadzi obisika pamaso. Amatha kukhazikika m'mphepete mwa nyanja ngati magombe ataphimbidwa ndi bango ndi zomera zina.
Magulu awiriwa ali ndi gawo lawo, momwe alendo saloledwa. Pakaphwanya malire, a swans adzateteza malo awo pomenya nkhondo zowopsa. Malo okhala chisa nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa mumitengo yambiri yamabango, mabango, ma cattails. Nthawi zina mosungira mosungira, pamalo osaya, kotero kuti pansi pa chisa chimakhala pansi.
Chisa chochuluka chimamangidwa ndi chachikazi, amene amachimanga ndi udzu wofota. Awa ndi nyumba zazikulu, zazikulu za 1 mpaka 3 mita. Kutalika kwa chisa ndi mita 0,5-0.8. Sitimayi yamkati nthawi zambiri imakhala mpaka theka la mita m'mimba mwake. Mzimayi amafalitsa mosamala ndi udzu wofewa, moss wouma ndi wake pansi ndi nthenga.
Pachithunzichi, whooper swan pachisa
Mzimayi amaikira mazira achikasu atatu kapena 7, omwe amawadzola okha. Ngati clutch yoyamba idamwalira pazifukwa zina, awiriwo amaika yachiwiri, koma ndi mazira ochepa.
Mkazi atakhala m'mazira amayang'aniridwa ndi wamphongo, yemwe amakhala pafupi nthawi zonse. Pambuyo pa masiku 36, anapiyewo amaswa ndipo makolo onse amawasamalira. Ana amakhala okutidwa ndi imvi, ndipo amawoneka otetezeka, monga anapiye onse.
Pakakhala vuto lalikulu, makolo amawatenga kupita nawo m'nkhalango zowirira ndipo amauluka okha kuti abwerere pakagwa zoopsa. Anawo amatha nthawi yomweyo kupeza chakudya chawochokha, ndipo pakatha miyezi itatu amakhala pamapiko. Koma, ngakhale zili choncho, ana amakhala ndi makolo awo nthawi yonse yozizira, akuwuluka limodzi nthawi yozizira, kuloweza mayendedwe komanso kudziwa luso loyenda.
Pachithunzicho, nankhuku ya anyani
Swans ndi mbalame zazikulu kwambiri, choncho nyama zazing'ono komanso mbalame zodya nyama sizimazisaka. Vutoli limayimiriridwa ndi mimbulu, nkhandwe, nkhandwe, zomwe zimatha kuukira akuluakulu, komanso kuwononga zisa zawo.
Palinso ngozi kuchokera mbali ya munthu, chifukwa tsekwe ndi nyama ndi pansi. Koma Whooper Swan Olembedwa mu Buku Lofiira Europe ndi mayiko omwe kale anali USSR. Whooper swans amakhala ndi moyo wazaka pafupifupi 10.
Chiwerengero chake ku Europe chidayamba kuwonjezeka pang'ono, koma kumadzulo kwa Siberia mbalame sizingabwerere, chifukwa awa ndi zigawo zamakampani zomwe sizipereka kubereka ndi moyo wa zolengedwa zokongolazi.
