Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala newt wamba
Newt yatsopano onetsani kalasi amphibiya. Chifukwa moyo wake umachitika mu zinthu ziwiri: madzi ndi nthaka. Mtundu wa buluzi wa amphibiyawu ndi wofala ku Ulaya konse. Ndiye wocheperako kuposa onse omwe angapezeke ku Russia.
Kukula kwa newt kumakhala pakati pa 9-12 cm, ndipo theka lake ndi mchira. Thupi limakutidwa ndi khungu lolimba pang'ono, losangalatsa kukhudza. Mtundu wake umatha kusintha pa nthawi ya moyo: kuwala kapena, m'malo mwake, kuda.
Mtundu wa kumbuyo komweko umakhala wofiirira ngati azitona, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yopapatiza kotenga nthawi. Mwa amuna, mawanga akulu akuda amatha kuwona pathupi, pomwe akazi satero. Newts molt sabata iliyonse.
Mu buluziyu, khungu limatulutsa poyizoni. Kwa anthu, sizowopseza, koma ikalowa m'thupi la nyama yofunda, imatha kupha. Amawononga ma platelet m'magazi, ndipo mtima imayima choncho wamba newt amadziteteza.
M'nyengo yobereketsa, amuna amayamba kukula kwambiri, chokutidwa ndi mikwingwirima ya lalanje ndi yabuluu. Imakhala ngati chiwalo chowonjezera cha kupuma, chifukwa chodzaza ndi mitsempha yambiri yamagazi. Chisa chimawoneka pa chithunzi wamwamuna wamba newt.
Miyendo inayi yonse ya abuluzi yakula bwino ndipo yonse imakhala ndi kutalika kofanana. Pali zala zinayi kutsogolo ndi zala zisanu kumbuyo. Amphibian amasambira bwino ndikuthamanga mwachangu pansi pa dziwe, pamtunda sangathe kudzitama chifukwa cha izi.
Chochititsa chidwi ndichomwecho zatsopano imatha kubwezeretsa osati ziwalo zokha zokha, komanso ziwalo zamkati kapena maso. Atsitsi amapuma kudzera pakhungu ndi m'mitsempha, kuwonjezera apo, pali "khola" kumchira, mothandizidwa ndi buluziyu amapeza mpweya m'madzi.
Amawona moyipa kwambiri, koma izi zimalipidwa ndi fungo labwino. Atsopano amatha kuzindikira nyama yawo mpaka mamita 300. Mano awo amapatuka pangodya ndipo amasunga nyamayo bwinobwino.
Newt wamba amakhala ku Western Europe, ku North Caucasus. Mutha kupezanso m'mapiri, pamtunda wa mamita 2000. Ngakhale azolowera kukhala m'nkhalango pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Mtundu wina wa buluzi ukhoza kuwoneka m'mbali mwa Nyanja Yakuda, iyi Chidziwitso chatsopano cha Lanza.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa newt wamba
Moyo abuluzi atsopano itha kugawidwa nyengo yachisanu ndi chilimwe. Pakubwera nyengo yozizira, kumapeto kwa Okutobala, amapita nyengo yachisanu kumtunda. Monga pothawirapo, amasankha milu ya nthambi ndi masamba.
Atapeza dzenje losiyidwa, adzaigwiritsa ntchito mosangalala. Nthawi zambiri amabisala m'magulu a anthu 30-50. Malo osankhidwa ali pafupi ndi malo "obadwira". Pakatentha kwambiri, buluzi amasiya kuyenda ndikuzizira.
Pakufika masika, kale mu Epulo, ma newt amabwerera m'madzi, omwe kutentha kwake kumatha kukhala kotsika 10 ° C. Amasinthidwa kuzizira ndipo amazipirira mosavuta. Ma newt ndi abuluzi oyenda usiku, sakonda kuwala kowala ndipo samalekerera kutentha, pewani malo otseguka. Masana, amatha kuwoneka pakagwa mvula. Nthawi zina amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono angapo.
Zitha kukhala wamba newt mkati zochitika kunyumba. Izi sizili zovuta, muyenera terrarium, nthawi zonse ndi chivindikiro kuti buluzi sangathe kuthawa. Kupanda kutero, amangofa.
Voliyumu yake iyenera kukhala osachepera malita 40. Kumeneko muyenera kupanga gawo lamadzi ndi chilumba chaching'ono cha nthaka. Ndikofunikira kusintha madzi sabata iliyonse ndikusunga kutentha mozungulira 20 ° C.
Sikofunika kuunikira makamaka ndi kutentha terrarium. Ngati amuna awiri amakhala limodzi, ndewu zimatha kuchitika m'derali. Chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizisunga m'makontena osiyanasiyana, kapena kuwonjezera kukula kwa terrarium kangapo.
Zakudya zatsopano za newt
Zakudya zatsopano imakhala makamaka invertebrates nyama... Kuphatikiza apo, kukhala m'madzi, imadyetsa tizilomboti tating'onoting'ono ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulukira pamtunda, mosangalala, timadya mbozi ndi ma slugs.
Omwe angakhudzidweko amatha kukhala zisoti, mbozi, akangaude, agulugufe. Mazira a nsomba omwe amapezeka m'madzi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chakudya. Ndizosangalatsa kuti, pokhala m'madzi, ma newt amakhala olimba kwambiri ndipo amadzaza m'mimba mwawo mochulukira. Abuluzi am'nyumba amadyetsedwa nyongolotsi zamagazi, nkhanu zam'madzi zam'madzi zam'madzi zam'madzi ndi mbozi zapadziko lapansi.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa newt
Ali mu ukapolo, ma newt amakhala zaka pafupifupi 28, mwachilengedwe chilengedwe chimadalira zinthu zakunja, koma, monga lamulo, osapitilira 15. Buluzi amafikira kukhwima ali ndi zaka 2-3 ndipo ayamba kale kutenga nawo mbali pamasewera olimbirana. Amatha kuyambira Marichi mpaka Juni.
Kubwerera nyengo yachisanu, yamphongo wamba newt kuyembekezera mkaziyo posungira. Kumuwona, akusambira, akusuta ndi kumugwira kumaso. Atatha kuwonetsetsa kuti pali wina yemwe si amuna kapena akazi anzawo patsogolo pake, amayamba kuvina.
Akuyenda uku ndi uku, akudzipeza ali pafupi ndi wamkazi, amaima pachithandara m'manja mwake. Pambuyo pa masekondi 10, amapanga dash, amasintha mchira wake mwamphamvu ndikukankhira mtsinje wamadzi pa mkazi. Kenako amayamba kudzimenya ndi mchira wake pambali ndikuwundana, akuwona zomwe "mnzake" akuchita. Ngati mkaziyo amasangalala ndi kuvina kwaukwati, ndiye kuti amachoka, kulola kuti imulandire.
Amuna amagona spermatophores pamisampha, yomwe mkazi amatenga ndi cloaca yake. Pambuyo pa umuna wamkati, amayamba kubala. Chiwerengero cha mazira ndi chachikulu, pafupifupi zidutswa 700. Chilichonse cha izo, mosiyana, chimamangirizidwa ndi chachikazi pa tsamba, ndikumakulunga bwino mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo. Ntchito yonseyi imatha kutenga pafupifupi masabata atatu.
Patatha milungu itatu, mphutsi zimatuluka. Amakhala 6 ml kutalika, ndi mchira wopangidwa bwino. Pa tsiku lachiwiri, pakamwa amadulidwa, ndipo amayamba kugwira nyama zawo. Adzatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yawo ya kununkhiza kwa masiku 9 okha.
Pachithunzicho, mphutsi za nthiti wamba
Pambuyo pa miyezi 2-2.5, newt wamkulu akhoza kupita kumtunda. Ngati buluzi analibe nthawi yoti akule mokwanira kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira, ndiye kuti amakhalabe m'madzi mpaka nthawi yotsatira. Nyengo yobereketsa itatha, anyani akuluakulu amasintha moyo wawo wapadziko lapansi.
Posachedwapa, anthu wamba newt idachepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake idabweretsedwa Buku Lofiira... Buluzi amabweretsa phindu lenileni: amadya udzudzu ndi mphutsi zawo, kuphatikizapo malungo. Amakhalanso ndi adani achilengedwe okwanira. Izi ndi njoka, mbalame, nsomba ndi achule omwe amadya achichepere akamakula m'madzi.
